Die HIV-Infektion hat sich aufgrund der Fortschritte in der medikamentösen Behandlung von einer tödlichen zu einer chronischen Erkrankung gewandelt. Zur Sicherstellung des langfristigen Erfolgs der sogenannten hochaktiven antiretroviralen Therapie (HAART) ist eine strikte Adhärenz an das individuelle Therapieregime eine notwendige Voraussetzung. Dennoch liegt die Adhärenz im Durchschnitt unter den geforderten 90 Prozent. Bislang wurde eine Vielzahl möglicher Determinanten der Adhärenz identifiziert, die in Abhängigkeit der untersuchten Population unterschiedlich gewichtet und in der Regel deskriptiv sind. Aus einer theoriegeleiteten Perspektive zeigt sich jedoch, dass eine individuelle Perspektive, d.h. die Berücksichtigung subjektiver Annahmen zur Notwendig- und Sinnhaftigkeit sowie zu den Befürchtungen negativer Nebenwirkungen, einen großen Erklärungswert besitzt und wichtige Ansatzpunkte für eine Verbesserung der Adhärenz liefert. Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV has changed from an acute threat to survival to a chronic illness. However, a near perfect adherence to the individual treatment protocol is a prerequisite for the control of the HIV virus and subsequently the absence of HIV-related conditions. So far, a wide array of determinants for adherence and non-adherence to HAART have been identified, which have been criticized to be of descriptive, and thus limited, value. Recent theory-driven studies show that adherence should best be seen as a result of subjective assumptions about the necessity of and the concerns regarding the proposed treatment. While advances in the medication have and will lead to better tolerability and less strenuous treatment regimes, a better understanding of subjective treatment models offers the opportunity to develop better ways to tackle non-adherence.
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