The hypertrophic chondrocyte: To be or not to be

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The hypertrophic chondrocyte: To be or not to be Via Cellular and Molecular Biology Histol Histopathol. 2021 Jun 17:18355. doi: 10.14670/HH-18-355. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Hypertrophic chondrocytes are the master regulators of endochondral ossification; however, their ultimate cell fates cells remain largely elusive due to their transient nature. Historically, hypertrophic chondrocytes have been considered as the terminal state of growth plate chondrocytes, which are destined to meet their inevitable demise at the primary spongiosa. Chondrocyte hypertrophy is accompanied by increased organelle synthesis and rapid intracellular water uptake, which serve as the major drivers of longitudinal bone growth. This process is delicately regulated by major signaling pathways and their target genes, including growth hormone (GH), insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), indian hedgehog (Ihh), parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), sex determining region Y-box 9 (Sox9), runt-related trans cription factors (Runx) and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs). Hypertrophic chondrocytes orchestrate endochondral ossification by regulating osteogenic-angiogenic and osteogenic-osteoclastic coupling through the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and matrix metallopeptidases-9/13 (MMP-9/13). Hypertrophic chondrocytes also indirectly regulate resorption of the cartilaginous extracellular matrix, by controlling formation of a special subtype of osteoclasts termed "chondroclasts". Notably, hypertrophic chondrocytes may possess innate potential for plasticity, reentering the cell cycle and differentiating into osteoblasts and other types of mesenchymal cells in the marrow space. We may be able to harness this unique plasticity for therapeutic purposes, for a variety of skeletal abnormalities and injuries. In this review, we discuss the morphological and molecular properties of hypertrophic chondro cytes, which carry out important functions during skeletal growth and regeneration. PMID:34137454 | DOI:10.14670/HH-18-355 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

A Case Report and Review of Literature: Cribriform-Morular Variant of Papillary Carcinoma

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader A Case Report and Review of Literature: Cribriform-Morular Variant of Papillary Carcinoma Via Otolaryngology Indian Abstract We describe a case of cribriform morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma which is a rare subtype. We report a case of a 26 year old female who presented with a thyroid tumour without colonic manifestations. She underwent a total thyroidectomy with central compartment neck dissection. Her histopathology report showed Cribriform—Morular variant, Papillary carcinoma of the left lobe of thyroid. Focal Angio-invasion was present. Even in sporadic presentations of these variants, screening colonoscopy, genetic counselling and screening of family members should be invariably considered as many a time thyroid malignancy presents many years prior to colonic manifestations. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Five year basal cell carcinoma recurrence rates treated with curettage and cautery, a single centre retrospective cohort study

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Five year basal cell carcinoma recurrence rates treated with curettage and cautery, a single centre retrospective cohort study Via Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2021 Jun 2:S1748-6815(21)00257-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.05.005. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:34134938 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2021.05.005 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

A Retrospective Study on Using a Novel Single Needle Cone Puncture Approach for the Iodine-125 Seed Brachytherapy in Treating Patients With Thoracic Malignancy

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader A Retrospective Study on Using a Novel Single Needle Cone Puncture Approach for the Iodine-125 Seed Brachytherapy in Treating Patients With Thoracic Malignancy Via radioactive iodine Front Oncol. 2021 May 31;11:640131. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.640131. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Patients with progressive thoracic malignancy characterized by large irregular tumors with necrosis and life-threatening symptoms lack effective treatments. We set out to develop a single needle cone puncture method for the Iodine-125 seed (SNCP-125I) brachytherapy, and aim to report the initial results. METHODS: 294 patients with advanced thoracic malignancy w ere treated with local SNCP-125I brachytherapy between March 2009 and July 2020, followed by thorough evaluation of clinical outcome, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and procedure-related complications after treatment. RESULTS: The overall response rate (ORR) among the treated patients was 81.0% (238/294). Life-threatening symptoms due to tumor oppression, hemoptysis and large irregular tumor with necrosis were successfully alleviated after the SNCP-125I treatment with a remission rate at 91% to 94%. The median OS and PFS were 13.6 months and 5.8 months, respectively. Procedure-related side effects including pneumothorax (32/294), blood-stained sputum (8/294), subcutaneous emphysema (10/294), puncture site bleeding (16/294) and chest pain (6/294) were observed. Patients who were able to follow with chemotherapy or immunotherapy experienced extended OS and PFS, as compared with patients who opted to receive hospice care (16.5 months Vs. 11.2 months). Further pathological and immunological analysis showed that SNCP-125I induced tumor lymphocytes infiltration and long-term tumor necrosis. CONCLUSION: SNCP-125I brachytherapy effectively eliminates life-threatening symptoms due to local tumor oppression, hemoptysis and large irregular and necrotic tumors in patients with unresectable chest malignancy and significantly induces local tumor regression. SNCP-125I brachytherapy combines with chemotherapy significantly prolong OS and PFS compare with SNCP-125I brachytherapy alone. PMID:34136382 | PMC:PMC8200774 | DOI:10.3389/fonc.2021.640131 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

A Systematic Literature Review to Compare Clinical Outcomes of Different Surgical Techniques for Second Branchial Cyst Removal

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader A Systematic Literature Review to Compare Clinical Outcomes of Different Surgical Techniques for Second Branchial Cyst Removal Via otol rhinol Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2021 Jun 17:34894211024049. doi: 10.1177/00034894211024049. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: During the last 2 decades, new treatment methods have been developed for the surgical removal of second branchial cysts which result in less visible scars. The aim of this systematic review is to assess which surgical technique for second branchial arch cyst removal results in the lowest complication and recurrence rates with the highest scar satis faction. METHODS: Two authors systematically reviewed the literature in the Cochrane, PubMed, and EMBASE databases (search date: 1975 to December 2nd, 2020) to identify studies comparing surgical outcomes of second branchial arch cyst removal. Authors appraised selected studies on directness of evidence and risk of bias. Results are reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. RESULTS: Out of the 2442 retrieved articles, 4 articles were included in the current review including a total of 140 operated cysts. Only 2 studies included pre-operatively infected cysts. Follow up ranged from 3 to 24 months. Complication rates ranged from 0 to 27.3% (conventional: [0-10.4%]; endoscopic/retro-auricular: [0-27.3%]). None of the patients presented with postoperative recurrence. Significantly higher scar satisfaction was found in adult patients who underwent endoscopic or retro-auricular hairline incision cyst removal. CONC LUSION: No recurrence of disease occurred during (at least) 3 months of follow up using either conventional surgery or endoscopic/retro-auricular techniques. Although more (temporary) complications occur using endoscopic and retro-auricular techniques, patients report a significantly higher scar satisfaction 3 to 6 months after surgery in comparison to the conventional technique. Future studies are needed to support these findings. PMID:34137276 | DOI:10.1177/00034894211024049 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Presentation and Outcomes of Non-Squamous Cell Carcinoma Sinonasal Malignancies: A National Perspective

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Presentation and Outcomes of Non-Squamous Cell Carcinoma Sinonasal Malignancies: A National Perspective Via otol rhinol Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2021 Jun 17:34894211024783. doi: 10.1177/00034894211024783. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Non-squamous cell carcinoma sinonasal malignancies (NSCCSM) are relatively rare. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy (NTx) have been proposed to improve outcomes compared to surgery alone. In this study, we aim to examine the prevalence of NTx utilization and associated outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective study utilizing the National Cancer Database, 2004 to 2015. The study population included adult patients diagnosed with primary NSCCSM. RESULTS: A total of 574 patients were included. The mean age of the study population was 61.7 ± 16.5 years. The median follow-up time was 40.4 months (interquartile range: 15.3-81.3 months). The histopathological diagnoses identified included: (i) 37.0% adenocarcinoma, (ii) 22.8% adenoid cystic carcinoma, (iii) 20.0% mucosal melanoma, (iv) 11.9% esthesioneuroblastoma, and (v) 8.2% sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC). NTx was utilized in 70 (12.20%) of the study population. Patients who received NTx were more likely to have SNUC or esthesioneuroblastoma (P < .01 each) and to have stage III or IV disease (P < .01 each). NTx was most likely to be administrated in a high-volume center [OR: 3.94, 95%CI: (1.47, 10.53), P = .006]. Patients who received NTx had a significantly lower prevalence of positive margin postoperatively [OR: 0.48, 95%CI : (0.26, 0.87), P = .016]. In patients with NSCCSM, negative margin was associated with improved overall survival [HR: 0.55, 95%CI: (0.36, 0.82), P = .004]. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides an epidemiological perspective regarding NSCCSM and related practice patterns and survival outcomes. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy is likely to decrease the risk of positive margin which ultimately could improve survival in this population. PMID:34137285 | DOI:10.1177/00034894211024783 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Extranodal Head and Neck Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Characteristics, Treatment, and Survival

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Extranodal Head and Neck Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Characteristics, Treatment, and Survival Via otol rhinol Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2021 Jun 17:34894211025171. doi: 10.1177/00034894211025171. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: To describe disease characteristics and treatment and to analyze survival and mortality for extranodal mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) of the head and neck. METHODS: Patients with extranodal MCL-excluding primary sites in the salivary glands, eye, and adnexa-were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 Registries (2000-2015). Overall survival (OS) and cumulative incidence of MCL and non-MCL mortality were calculated. Factors associated with MCL and non-MCL mortality were analyzed with cause-specific hazard models. RESULTS: Five hundred nine patients met criteria for descriptive analysis and 294 patients met criteria for survival analysis, with a median follow-up of 58 months. The most common sites for MCL were the oropharynx (66.0%), nasopharynx (19.1%), and oral cavity (8.4%). The most common treatment received was chemotherapy alone (48.9%), followed by chemoradiation therapy (16.9%), and radiation therapy alone (10.4%). The proportion of cases diagnosed as early-stage disease ranged from 31% of sinonasal MCLs to 83% of laryngeal MCLs. At 5 years, OS was 63% (95% CI: 57%-69%). There was no significant difference in OS (P = .79), cumulative incidence of MCL mortality (P = .76), or cumulative incidence of non-MCL mortality (P = .98) by anatomic site. Comparing ear ly-stage to late-stage disease, there was no significant difference in OS (P = .38), cumulative incidence of MCL mortality (P = .07), or cumulative incidence of non-MCL mortality (P = .14). Multivariate analysis showed increased hazard of MCL mortality for patients that were older or that presented with stage III or stage IV disease. CONCLUSION: The oropharynx is the most common subsite of head and neck MCLs, followed by the nasopharynx. Primary head and neck MCLs appear to present at an earlier stage than MCLs of other regions. In particular, laryngeal and hypopharyngeal MCLs may present as stage I or II disease. PMID:34137303 | DOI:10.1177/00034894211025171 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Correlation Between Anosmia and Severity Along with Requirement of Tocilizumab in COVID-19 Patients

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Correlation Between Anosmia and Severity Along with Requirement of Tocilizumab in COVID-19 Patients Via Otolaryngology Indian Abstract Anosmia with or without dysgeusia is frequently associated with Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 virus affects the olfactory system and thus represents neurotropic and neuro-invasive nature of the virus. We found that tocilizumab's role in reducing mortality in severe covid-19 infection is still questionable and aim of our study was correlation of anosmia and severity of covid-19 infection and requirement of tocilizumab in anosmia patients. To establish relationship between anosmia and severity of COVID-19 infection along with requirement of tocilizumab. This was a retrospective cum prospective cross sectional study done on COVID-19 patients who were admitted in normal COVID-19 ward and intensive care unit of Employee's State Insurance Corporation Hospital, Udaipur and Maharaja Bhupal Hospital of Ravindra Nath Medical College between September 2020 and 15 January 2021 age group of 18 to 92 year s, both sexes. We had asked about anosmia in all COVID-19 positive patients and followed all patients in perspective of severity of disease and tocilizumab. p value < 0.001 of prevalence of anosmia in COVID -19 patients who were isolated at home, admitted in ward and intensive care unit showed that anosmia is inversely related to severity of disease. Tocilizumab has no significant role in decreasing mortality in severe form of disease. Our study indicates that anosmia is related to the mildness of disease and there is no role of tocilizumab in decreasing the mortality in severe form of disease. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Mucormycosis of Paranasal Sinuses of Odontogenic Origin Post COVID19 Infection: A Case Series

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Mucormycosis of Paranasal Sinuses of Odontogenic Origin Post COVID19 Infection: A Case Series Via Otolaryngology Indian Abstract The Severe acute respiratory syndrome and the Middle East respiratory syndromes emerged in 2002 and 2012 respectively. Currently the world is witnessing a global pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV- 2) causing the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Mucormycosis is a fungal infection primarily affecting individuals with an immunocompromised state like diabetes mellitus, malignancies etc. Patients who have or have had COVID-19 infection with pre-existing uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes mellitus are presumably more vulnerable for emergence of fungal infections cases. This article presents a report of 6 cases with histopathological proven mucormycosis associated with COVID-19 and uncontrolled Diabetes mellitus. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

An Overview of Emergencies in Otorhinolaryngology at a Tertiary Care Centre, Telangana

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader An Overview of Emergencies in Otorhinolaryngology at a Tertiary Care Centre, Telangana Via Otolaryngology Indian Abstract Otorhinolaryngology emergencies are a common complaint in the emergency department. These emergencies can occur in all the age groups and can present as a result of infection, trauma, foreign bodies, etc. The most common Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) emergencies are epistaxis, foreign bodies in ear, nose and throat, stridor, trauma, facial bone fractures etc. Prompt assessment and immediate intervention can save lives and reduce the suffering arising out of these emergencies.The present study focusses on determining the magnitude and pattern, demographic characteristics and outcome of patients with ENT emergencies. A cross sectional study was carried out in the casualty and ENT department of Gandhi Hospital, which is a tertiary care center in Secunderabad, Telangana. The data was collected from June 2014 to May 2018. 2901 patients reported to casualty with ENT emergencies. Around 46.12% of emergencies were of Ear, 34.33% were related to nose and 19.54% were related to throat, neck and others. The most common ENT emergency among pediatric age group was foreign body in ear, nose, throat and aero digestive tract, while the most common ENT emergency in geriatric age group was Stridor. ENT emergencies are increasing in incidence due to increasing burden of road traffic accidents and early detection and institution of appropriate and adequate treatment may be important in preventing the progression of disease and minimizing complications. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Eine Änderung des Rauchverhaltens beeinflusst das Überleben von HNSCC-Patienten

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Eine Änderung des Rauchverhaltens beeinflusst das Überleben von HNSCC-Patienten Via Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie Laryngorhinootologie DOI: 10.1055/a-1509-8851 Einleitung Der Einfluss des Rauchens auf das Überleben bei Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Karzinomen ist in der Literatur gut belegt. Es gibt nur wenige Daten über Änderungen der Rauchgewohnheiten nach Diagnosestellung. Hier wird die Auswirkung der Reduktion der Rauchquantität im Vergleich zur vollen Entwöhnung auf das Überleben untersucht. Patienten und Methoden Patientenakten und Tumordokumentationen von 643 konsekutiven Kopf-Hals-Karzinom-Fällen des Kopf-Hals-Tumorzentrums der Universitätsklinik Kiel werden retrospektiv ausgewertet: Rauchgewohnheiten vor und nach der Behandlung sowie das Überleben werden dabei ausgewertet. Ergebnisse Eine Änderung des Rauchverhaltens bei der Erstdiagnose des Karzinoms führt zu signifikant positivem Effekt auf die Prognose im Vergleich zu fortgesetztem Rauchen. Es zeigt sich kein Unterschied zwischen Rauchreduktion und Entwöhnung. Dieser Effekt beruht alleinig auf solchen Patienten, die ausschließlich chirurgisch behandelt werden. Lebenslange Nichtraucher weisen einen signifikanten Überlebensvorteil gegenüber aktiven und ehemaligen Rauchern auf, ohne Unterschied zwischen den beiden letztgenannten Gruppen. Schlussfolgerung Der positive Einfluss veränderter Rauchgewohnheiten auf die Prognose verläuft parallel zum negativen direkten Effekt des aktiven Rauchens auf die Therapie, was auf peritumorale Hypoxie mit negativer Auswirkung auf die Wirksamkeit der R(C)T zurückgeführt wird. Der positive Effekt der Rauchverhaltensänderung bei ausschließlicher Chirurgie liegt am ehesten in verminderter perioperativer Komplikation begründet. Patienten sollen ermutigt werden, das Rauchen mit der Krebsdiagnose zumindest zu minimieren. Darüber hinaus sollten ehemalige Raucher für Überlebensschätzungen und Therapieplanung als aktive Raucher betrachtet werden. [...] Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany Article in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.