Aβ plaques do not protect against HSV‐1 infection in a mouse model of familial Alzheimer's disease, and HSV‐1 does not induce Aβ pathology in a model of late onset Alzheimer's disease

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Aβ plaques do not protect against HSV‐1 infection in a mouse model of familial Alzheimer's disease, and HSV‐1 does not induce Aβ pathology in a model of late onset Alzheimer's disease via Brain Pathology Abstract The possibility that the etiology of late onset Alzheimer's disease is linked to viral infections of the CNS has been actively debated in recent years. According to the antiviral protection hypothesis, viral pathogens trigger aggregation of Aβ peptides that are produced as a defense mechanism in response to infection to entrap and neutralize pathogens. To test the causative relationship between viral infection and Aβ aggregation, the current study examined whether Aβ plaques protect the mouse brain against Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) infection introduced via a physiological route and whether HSV-1 infection triggers formation of Aβ plaques in a mouse model of late-onset AD that does not develop Aβ pathology spontaneously. In aged 5XFAD mice infected via eye scarification, high density of Aβ aggregates did not improve survival time or rate when compared with wild type controls. In 5XFADs, viral replication sites were found in brain areas with a high density of extracellula r Aβ deposits, however, no association between HSV-1 and Aβ aggregates could be found. To test whether HSV-1 triggers Aβ aggregation in a mouse model that lacks spontaneous Aβ pathology, 13-month-old hAβ/APOE4/Trem2*R47H mice were infected with HSV-1 via eye scarification with the McKrae HSV-1 strain, intracranial inoculation with McKrae, intracranial inoculation after priming with LPS for 6 weeks, or intracranial inoculation with high doses of McKrae or 17syn + strains that represent different degrees of neurovirulence. No signs of Aβ aggregation were found in any of the experimental groups. Instead, extensive infiltration of peripheral leukocytes was observed during the acute stage of HSV-1 infection, and phagocytic activity of myeloid cells was identified as the primary defense mechanism against HSV-1. The current results argue against a direct causative relationship between HSV-1 infection and Aβ pathology. View on Web

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Quantification of Patient-Reported Pain Locations: Development of an Automated Measurement Method

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Quantification of Patient-Reported Pain Locations: Development of an Automated Measurement Method via Computers Informatics Nursing - Published Ahead-of-Print Patient-reported pain locations are critical for comprehensive pain assessment. Our study aim was to introduce an automated process for measuring the location and distribution of pain collected during a routine outpatient clinic visit. In a cross-sectional study, 116 adults with sickle cell disease–associated pain completed PAINReportItⓇ. This computer-based instrument includes a two-dimensional, digital body outline on which patients mark their pain location. Using the ImageJ software, we calculated the percentage of the body surface area marked as painful and summarized data with descriptive statistics and a pain frequency map. The painful body areas most frequently marked were the left leg-front (73%), right leg-front (72%), upper back (72%), and lower back (70%). The frequency of pain marks in each of the 48 body segments ranged from 3 to 79 (mean, 33.2 ± 21.9). The mean percentage of painful body surface area per segment was 10.8% ± 7.5% (ranging from 1.3% to 33.1%). Patient-reported pain locations can be easily analyzed from digital drawings using an algorithm created via the free ImageJ software. This method may enhance comprehensive pain assessment, facilitating research and personalized care over time for patients with various pain conditions. View on Web

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Potential associations between alterations in gut microbiome and obesity‐related traits after the bariatric surgery

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Potential associations between alterations in gut microbiome and obesity‐related traits after the bariatric surgery via Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics Abstract Aim This study aimed to examine the effects of both obesity and bariatric surgery on gut microbiome, dietary intake, as well as metabolic and inflammatory parameters. Methods All participants (15 with morbid obesity who had bariatric surgery, 8 with morbid obesity and 11 non-obese) were followed-up for a 6-month period with the interviews at baseline (M0), at the end of 3 (M3) and 6 months (M6). Dietary assessment was done, and blood and faecal samples were collected. Results Dietary energy and nutrient intakes as well as serum levels glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and hs-CRP levels decreased by surgery (p<0.05, for each). Participants with morbid obesity had higher levels of Firmicutes and lower levels of Bacteroidetes at M0 compared to non-obese participants. The abundances of Bacteroidetes increased (p=0.02) while Firmicutes decreased (p>0.05) by the surgery, leading a significant decrease in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (p=0.01). At sub-phylum level, the abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium decreased while Akkermansia increased by the surgery (p<0.01, for each). Although participants who are morbidly obese had a distinct profile according to ß-diversity indices at M0, it became similar with the profile of non-obese participants (p>0.05) at M3 and M6. Similarly, α-diversity indices were lower in subjects with morbid obesity at M0, but became similar to levels in non-obese controls at M6. Conclusion This study confirmed that bariatric surgery has substantial impacts on gut microbiome composition and diversity, as well as anthropometrical measurements and biochemical parameters, which were associated with the alterations in dietary intake patterns. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Cost‐effectiveness analysis of silver diamine fluoride to divert dental general anaesthesia compared to standard care

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Cost‐effectiveness analysis of silver diamine fluoride to divert dental general anaesthesia compared to standard care via Australian Dental Journal ABSTRACT Background The aim is to perform a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis of a silver diamine fluoride (SDF) protocol intervention to divert dental general anaesthesia (DGA) among Victorian children aged 2- 10 years. Methods Data inputs was based on an Australian single-cohort 2017/18 study. Intervention costs for standard care were derived from two subgroups of children: 1) children who received standard care without DGA, and 2) children who received standard care with DGA. Two scenarios were modelled due to limited post-follow-up data: 1) children receiving SDF had standard care without DGA (base-case scenario), and 2) children receiving SDF did not receive standard care without DGA (alternative scenario). A simple decision-tree model with probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) estimated the incremental costs per diverted DGA. Results The probability of children requiring specialist referral and offered SDF, but the primary carer opted for DGA is 0.124 (SD 0.034), and the probability of children requiring DGA in standard care is 0.346 (SD 0.036). For both the base-case and alternative scenario, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio outcome is dominant and their cost-effectiveness being either 74.8% or 100%, respectively. Conclusions The SDF protocol intervention is cost-effective dental caries management option for young children where referral for DGA is considered. © 2022 Australian Dental Association. View on Web

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Overexpression of NIMA related kinase 2 in multiple myeloma and its relevance with disease features and prognosis to bortezomib treatment

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Overexpression of NIMA related kinase 2 in multiple myeloma and its relevance with disease features and prognosis to bortezomib treatment via Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics A total of 76 multiple myeloma (MM) patients and 30 health donors (HDs) were enrolled to collect bone marrow plasma cells for NIMA related kinase 2 (NEK2) detection using RT-qPCR. Meanwhile, NEK2 siRNA was transfected into the RPMI-8226 and KMS-11 cells (MM cell lines), subsequently their cell viability was evaluated using CCK8 reagent. NEK2 expression was higher in MM patients compared with HDs. Besides, elevated NEK2 expression associated with the occurrence of the bone lesion and t (4; 14). Additionally, elevated NEK2 expression correlated with declined objective response rate (ORR) and shorter progression-free survival (PFS). What is more, NEK2 silence decreased the cell viability under bortezomib treatment and the IC50 value of bortezomib in RPMI-8226 and KMS-11 cells (MM cell lines). Abstract What is Known and Objective NIMA related kinase 2 (NEK2) promotes the malignant transformation and enhances the chemoresistance to proteasome inhibitor in multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines. The current study aimed to further investigate its correlation with clinical features and responsiveness to bortezomib treatment in MM patients. Methods Totally, 76 MM patients and 30 health donors (HDs) were enrolled to collect bone marrow plasma cells for NEK2 detection using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Meanwhile, NEK2 siRNA was transfected into the RPMI-8226 and KMS-11 cells, subsequently their cell viability was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 reagent after treatment with different doses of bortezomib. Results and Discussion NEK2 expression was higher in MM patients compared with HDs (Z = −5.123, p < 0.001). Besides, elevated NEK2 expression was associated with the occurrence of the bone lesion (χ 2 = 4.610, p = 0.032) and t (4; 14) (χ 2 = 3.971, p = 0.046). Additionally, elevated NEK2 expression was correlated with declined objective response rate (ORR) (χ 2 = 4.808, p = 0.028), but not with complete response (CR) (χ 2 = 2.341, p = 0.126). More importantly, elevated NEK2 expression was correlated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (χ 2 = 8.352, p = 0.039), but not with overall survival (OS) (χ 2 = 5.624, p = 0.131), What is more, NEK2 silence decreased the cell viability under bortezomib treatment and the inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of bortezomib in RPMI-8226 and KMS-11 cell lines (all p < 0.05). What is New and Conclusion NEK2 overexpression links with occurrence of bone lesion, t (4; 14), and poor prognosis to bortezomib treatment in MM patients. View on Web

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Relationships between squamous cell carcinoma antigen and cytokeratin 19 fragment values and renal function in oral cancer patients

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Relationships between squamous cell carcinoma antigen and cytokeratin 19 fragment values and renal function in oral cancer patients via International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery via MedWorm.com Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA) are used to screen and monitor oral cancer patients. However, recent studies have reported that tumour markers become elevated as renal function decreases, regardless of tumour progression. A retrospective study was performed of 423 oral cancer patients who underwent blood testing for these tumour markers and other blood analytes during a 10-year period. The values of SCC-Ag and CYFRA increased significantly with decreasing renal function (P   (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery) View on Web

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Association between human papillomavirus infection and malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papilloma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Association between human papillomavirus infection and malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papilloma: A systematic review and meta-analysis via ScienceDirect Publication: American Journal of Otolaryngology Publication date: Available online 11 September 2022 Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology Author(s): Fabio Ferreli, Matteo Di Bari, Antoine Moya-Plana, Federica Canzano, Emanuela Morenghi, Armando De Virgilio, Giuseppe Mercante, Giuseppe Spriano, Giovanni Colombo View on Web

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