Detect and suppress future zoonotic‐derived outbreaks: A lesson from last two decades

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Detect and suppress future zoonotic‐derived outbreaks: A lesson from last two decades via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract COVID-19 pandemic has revealed how vulnerable and inexperienced we are when dealing with an unprecedented global infectious threat. Looking back on the last few decades, there has been a surge in zoonotic-derived viruses globally. Notably, these outbreaks emerged as harmless zoonotic diseases within a favorable environment, then spilled over to humans and widely spread to become outbreaks. Most of these are respiratory viruses (particularly Orthomyxoviridae Orthomyxoviridae or Coronaviridae Coronaviridae family), with high transmissibility and can be easily spread. Low- and middle-income countries, particularly those with tropical climates, provide ideal environments for the growth and evolution of these zoonotic viruses. Nevertheless, a lot of our advanced centers for infectious diseases are located in high-income countries (HIC) and focus on human pathogens only (e.g., influenza, RSV, adenovirus). We should critically think about reallocating health resources in th e near-term. It is an urge for a few surveillance centers aim to detect surges in cases of respiratory pathogens or any spikes in cases, and suppress the transmission chain from an early stage. In this article, we digest lessons learned from the previous spillover pandemics and suggest actionable tactics to deal with future pandemics properly. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Genetic characteristics and treatment outcome in infants with KMT2A germline B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results of MLL‐Baby protocol

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Genetic characteristics and treatment outcome in infants with KMT2A germline B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results of MLL‐Baby protocol via Pediatric Blood & Cancer Abstract The aim of this study was to present the diagnostic and outcome characteristics of infants with germline status of KMT2A gene (KMT2A-g) B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) treated consistently according to the MLL-Baby protocol, a moderate-intensity protocol. Of the 139 patients enrolled in the MLL-Baby study, 100 (71.9%) carried different types of rearranged KMT2A (KMT2A-r), while the remaining 39 infants (28.1%) had KMT2A-g. KMT2A-g patients were generally older (77% older than 6 months), less likely to have a very high white blood cell count (greater than 100 × 109/L), less likely to be central nervous system (CNS)-positive, and more likely to be CD10-positive. The 6-year event-free survival and overall survival rates for all 39 patients were 0.74 (standard error [SE] 0.07) and 0.80 (SE 0.07), respectively. Relapse was the most common adverse event (n = 5), with a cumulativ e incidence of relapse (CIR) of 0.13 (SE 0.06), while the incidence of a second malignancy (n = 1) and death in remission (n = 3) was 0.03 (SE 0.04) and 0.08 (SE 0.04), respectively. None of the initial parameters, including genetics and the presence of recently described fusions of NUTM1 and PAX5 genes, was able to distinguish patients with different outcomes. Only rapidity of response, measured as minimal residual disease (MRD) by flow cytometry, showed a statistically significant impact. Moderate-intensity therapy, as used in the MLL-Baby protocol in infants with KMT2A-g BCP-ALL, yields results comparable to other infant studies. Patients with a slow multicolor flow cytometry (MFC)-MRD response should be subjected to advanced therapies, such as targeted or immunotherapies. View on Web

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Use of incorrect and correct methods to account for age in studies on epigenetic accelerated aging: implications and recommendations for best practices

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Use of incorrect and correct methods to account for age in studies on epigenetic accelerated aging: implications and recommendations for best practices via American Journal of Epidemiology - Advance Access Abstract Motivated by our conduct of a literature review on social exposures and accelerated aging as measured by a growing number of epigenetic "clocks" (which estimate age via DNA methylation patterns (DNAm)), we report on three different approaches – 1 incorrect and 2 correct – in the epidemiologic literature on treatment of age in these and other studies using other common exposures (i.e., body mass index and alcohol consumption). Among the 50 empirical articles reviewed, the majority (n = 29; 58%) used the incorrect method of analyzing accelerated aging detrended for age as the outcome and did not control for age as a covariate. By contrast, only 42% used the correct methods, which are either to analyze accelerated aging detrended for age as the outcome and control for age as a covariate (n = 16; 32%), or to analyze raw DNAm age as the outcome and control for age as a covariate (n = 5; 10%). In accord with prior demonstrations of bias introdu ced by the incorrect approach, we provide simulation analyses and additional empirical analyses to illustrate how the incorrect method can lead to bias to the null, and we discuss implications for extant research and recommendations for best practices. View on Web

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