Musculoskeletal Imaging-Guided Biopsies: Assessment of Techniques and Applicability

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The purpose of this study is to review the literature and present our experience in imaging-guided musculoskeletal biopsies. We will describe percutaneous needle biopsies of bone and soft tissue lesions guided by ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT), including indications, procedure planning, techniques, and complications.

Recent Findings

The major indications for percutaneous musculoskeletal biopsies are the diagnosis of primary and secondary neoplasms and infectious processes. Complications of percutaneous needle biopsies are rare, whereas open biopsy has a complication rate of up to 16%. Possible related complications are hematomas, neural, and vascular injuries, osteitis, and reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Before the procedure, possible blood coagulation disorders, anticoagulant treatments or other possible contraindications should be evaluated. The main disadvantage of percutaneous biopsy is the accuracies large range of this procedure.

Summary

Histopathological and bacteriological studies are often required for definitive diagnosis of musculoskeletal lesions. In these cases, percutaneous biopsy guided by US or CT has been shown to be effective, accurate and safe method.

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