Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms: Host Response and Clinical Implications in Lung Infections.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms: Host Response and Clinical Implications in Lung Infections.

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2018 Jan 26;:

Authors: Maurice NM, Bedi B, Sadikot RT

Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major health challenge that causes recalcitrant multi-drug resistant infections, especially in immunocompromised and hospitalized patients. P. aeruginosa is an important cause of nosocomial and ventilator-associated pneumonia characterized by high prevalence and fatality rates. P. aeruginosa also causes chronic lung infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). Multi-drug and totally drug resistant strains of P. aeruginosa are increasing threats that contribute to high mortality in these patients. The pathogenesis of many P. aeruginosa infections depends on its ability to form biofilms, structured bacterial communities that can coat mucosal surfaces or invasive devices. These biofilms make conditions more favorable for bacterial persistence as embedded bacteria are inherently more difficult to eradicate than planktonic bacteria. The molecular mechanisms that underlie P. aeruginosa biofilm pathogenesis and the host response to P. aeruginosa biofilms remain to be fully defined. However, it is known that biofilms offer protection from the host immune response and also are extremely recalcitrant to anti-microbial therapy. Therefore, development of novel therapeutic strategies specifically aimed at biofilms is urgently needed. Here we review the host response, key clinical implications of P. aeruginosa biofilms, and novel therapeutic approaches to treat biofilms relevant to lung infections. Greater understanding of P. aeruginosa biofilms will elucidate novel avenues to improve outcomes for P. aeruginosa pulmonary infections.

PMID: 29372812 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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