Σάββατο 27 Ιανουαρίου 2018

Neural Regulation of Bone Remodeling: Identifying Novel Neural Molecules and Pathways Between Brain and Bone

Abstract

The metabolism and homeostasis of skeletal system has historically been regarded to be associated with the endocrine system. However, such view has been expanded with the recognition of several neural pathways playing important roles in the regulation of bone metabolism via central relays. In particular, bone metabolism and homeostasis has been reported to be precisely modulated by the central neural signaling. Initiated by the finding of leptin, the axis of neural regulation on bone expands rapidly. Semaphorin-plexin system play an important role in the crosstalk between osteoclasts and osteoblasts, a complex system has also been identified and includes neuropeptide Y and cannabinoids. These findings facilitate our understanding of the central neuropeptides and neural factors in the modulation of bone metabolism and homeostasis, and these neuronal pathways also represent an area of research scenario that identifies the novel regulation between brain and bone. These regulatory mechanisms correlate with other homeostatic networks and demonstrate a more intricate and synergetic bone biology than previously envisioned. As such, this review summarizes the current knowledge of the neural regulation of bone metabolism and homeostasis as well as its role in skeletal diseases, and discusses the emerging challenges presented in this field. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved



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