CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11/CXCR3 axis for immune activation - a target for novel cancer therapy

Chemokines are small proteins (8-15 kD) which interact with a subset of G protein-coupled receptors. They play key roles to induce chemotaxis, promote differentiation and multiplication of leukocytes, and cause tissue extravasation.[1] In 1987, Yoshimura et al. first reported about CXCL8 (IL-8), which regulates neutrophil trafficking.[2] Since then, much attention has been devoted to understanding the functions and role of chemokines in immune response. The CXCL9, -10, -11/CXCR3 axis has been a major focus of research, since it regulates differentiation of naive T cells to T helper 1 (Th1) cells and leads migration of immune cells to their focal sites.

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