Prospective observational study of carbon-ion radiotherapy for non-squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Summary

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of carbon-ion radiotherapy for non-squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Thirty-five patients were enrolled in this prospective study. The primary endpoint was the 3-year local control rate, while secondary endpoints included the 3-year overall survival rate and adverse events. Acute and late adverse events were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. The median follow-up time for all patients was 39 months. Thirty-two and 3 patients received 64.0 Gy (RBE) and 57.6 Gy (RBE) in 16 fractions, respectively. Adenoid cystic carcinoma was dominant (60%). Four patients had local recurrence and 5 patients died. The 3-year local control and overall survival rates were 93% and 88%. Acute grade 2 to 3 radiation mucositis (65%) and dermatitis (31%) was common, which improved immediately with conservative therapy. Late mucositis of grade 2, grade 3, and grade 4 were observed in 11, 1, and 0 patients. There were no adverse events of grade 5. Carbon-ion radiotherapy achieved excellent local control and overall survival rates for non-squamous cell carcinoma. However, the late mucosal adverse events were not rare, and meticulous treatment planning is required. (UMIN000007886)

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