Pine Bark Amendment to Promote Sustainability in Cu-Polluted Acid Soils: Effects on Lolium perenne Growth and Cu Uptake

Abstract

The establishment of a complementary grass cover on vineyard soils can promote sustainability of the affected environment. In this work, we used an acid vineyard soil with total Cu concentration 188 mg kg⁻¹ to study the influence of pine bark amendment on Lolium perenne growth and Cu uptake. The results indicate that the pine bark amendment did not cause a significant increase in the mass of the shoots of Lolium perenne, but favored the root biomass: 0.034 g for control and 0.061 g for soil samples amended with 48 g kg⁻¹ of pine bark. Moreover, the pine bark amendment decreased Cu concentration in both, shoots (50 mg kg⁻¹ for control soil and 29 mg kg⁻¹ for soil amended with 48 g kg⁻¹ pine bark) and roots (250 mg kg⁻¹ for control soil and 64 mg kg⁻¹ for soil amended with 48 g kg⁻¹ pine bark). The main factor responsible for these results was a significant decrease of the most mobile fractions of Cu in the soil. Those fractions were extracted using ammonium acetate, ammonium chloride, sodium salt of ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA-Na), and diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA).

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