Effective HIV Prevention Interventions and the Need for Rapid Mobilization to Address HIV Outbreaks Among At-Risk Populations

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic continues to affect at-risk populations, including men who have sex with men (MSM) and persons who inject drugs (PWID). In 2015, >2.1 million new infections occurred worldwide, with a disproportionate number among MSM and PWID [1]. Despite these numbers, there is evidence that the epidemic is slowing down on a macro level. There has been an overall decrease in the number of new HIV diagnoses in many countries, including the United States [2]. This is largely owing to improved access to HIV testing and treatment, as well as prevention approaches, including pre-exposure prophylaxis. However, to fully address the HIV epidemic, improved approaches are needed to address micro-level HIV epidemics (ie, outbreaks). Outbreaks among vulnerable populations (eg, MSM and PWID) contribute to the larger-scale epidemic and propagation of HIV transmission.

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