Πέμπτη 17 Μαρτίου 2022

Postoperative Respiratory Events in Surgical Patients Exposed to Opioid Analgesic Shortages Compared to Fully Matched Patients Non-exposed to Shortages

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Abstract

Introduction

Shortages of opioid analgesics critically disrupt clinical practice and are detrimental to patient safety. There is a dearth of studies assessing the safety implications of drug shortages.

Objective

We aimed to assess perioperative opioid analgesic use and related postoperative hypoxemia (oxygen saturation less than 90%) in surgical patients exposed to prescription opioid shortages compared to propensity score-matched patients non-exposed to opioid shortages.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study including adult patients who underwent elective surgery at The University of California San Francisco in the period August 2018–December 2019. We conducted a Gamma log-link generalized linear model to assess the effect of shortages on perioperative use of opioids and a weighted logistic regression to assess the likelihood of experiencing postoperative hypoxemia.

Results

There were 1119 patients exposed to opioid shortages and 2787 matched non-exposed patients. After full matching, patients exposed to shortages used a greater mean of morphine milligram equivalents/day (146.94; 95% confidence interval 123.96–174.16) than non-exposed patients (117.92; 95% confidence interval 100.48–138.38; p = 0.0001). The estimated effect was a 1.25 (95% confidence interval 1.12–1.40; p = 0.0001) times greater use of opioids in patients exposed to opioid shortages than non-exposed patients. After full matching, a greater proportion of patients exposed to shortages (19.06%) experienced hypoxemia compared with non-exposed patients (16.91%). In addition, a greater proportion of patients exposed to opioid shortages (1.20%) experienced hypoxemia reversed by intravenous naloxone administration compared with non-exposed patients (0.44%).

Conclusions

Given the shortage prevalence, reliance on opioid medications, and related risk of respiratory depression, harm prevention measures remain critical to prevent postoperative complications that may compromise patients' safety.

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