[Evaluation and treatment of children's laryngeal clefts].

[Evaluation and treatment of children's laryngeal clefts].

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018 Jan 07;53(1):9-15

Authors: Chen C, Tan LT, Xu ZM

Abstract
Objectives: To provide the experience about the diagnostic process and following management, and to discuss the outcome and predictors in children with laryngeal cleft (LC). Methods: A retrospective case study was conducted at an academic children's hospital. Thirty children were diagnosed as laryngeal cleft between January 2016 and April 2017.Airway evaluations were performed using both flexible and rigid endoscopy, and swallowing evaluations were performed using fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing or modified barium swallow. Results: Of 30 cases, 18 were male and 12 were female, ranging in age from birth to 8 years. Two cases were diagnosed as type 0 LC, and they were offered thickened liquid without medication. Throughout follow-up, they remained asymptomatic and showed no respiratory complications. Nineteen children were diagnosed as type Ⅰ LC. Six of them were significantly improved by anti-reflux therapy and feeding instructions. Four children were concomitant with swallowing dysfunction and/or neuromuscular disorders, and they were given a tracheotomy and routine management. Another 4 children were submitted surgical repair when routine treatment failed, and their symptoms were relieved. Five children were concomitant with larygomalacia, and their symptoms were totally ameliorated by supraglottoplasty. Three children were diagnosed as type Ⅱ LC. Two of them received surgical repair and clinically improved, and the rest one was treated by anti-reflux therapy and still under follow-up. Three children were diagnosed as type Ⅲ LC. One of them was underwent surgical repair and clinically improved. Two children were tracheotomized and treated by anti-reflux therapy. Three cases were diagnosed as type Ⅳ LC at birth and no one survived. Conclusions: Laryngeal cleft is a rare congenital anomaly manifesting with a variety of symptoms, including swallowing disorder, aspirations, dyspnea, stridor and hoarseness. Diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal clefts is a challenge. The best way to evaluate the LC is FEES by laryngeal endoscopy combined with MLB. Cases with type 0-Ⅰ mostly were significantly improved by anti-reflux therapy and feeding instructions. When routine treatment failed, surgical repair is needed. All the cases with LC type Ⅱ-Ⅲ need surgical repair as soon as possible. For type Ⅳ cases, early diagnosis, appropriate treatment and management help to reduce mortality and morbidity.

PMID: 29365373 [PubMed - in process]

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