Resistance Mechanisms to Colorectal Cancer Therapeutics and the Clinical Implications

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death and additional treatment options are urgently needed. Cytotoxic chemotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment options for patients for many years, including FOLFOX (leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and oxaliplatin) or FOLFIRI (5-FU, leucovorin, and irinotecan) Here we review the current clinical use of systemic therapies for metastatic CRC and mechanisms of resistance to these agents.

Recent Findings

Biologic therapies, including anti-angiogenic and anti-epidermal growth factor monoclonal antibodies, have shown increased efficacy for patients with metastatic CRC. Most recently, immunotherapies have also been an option for some patients.

Summary

Identification of molecular markers predictive of response or resistance has led to enhanced ability to treat patients with metastatic CRC in a more personalized fashion.

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