Preinvasive disease of the airway

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. It accounts for nearly 1.4 million deaths worldwide every year, with a five-year survival rate of just 6%. In contrast to the steady increase in survival for most cancers, lung cancer outcome has barely changed in four decades [1,2]. Although surgical resection of early stage disease offers a prospect of cure[3], the vast majority of cases are diagnosed at a late stage with no hope of curative therapy. In contrast, prospects for patients with preinvasive or intraepithelial neoplastic lesions (stage 0), or early stage invasive cancers (Stage 1A) of the central airway are far better, with a 5-year survival of more than 70% [3–6].

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