Type I interferons (IFN-I) are cytokines that affect the expression of thousands of genes, resulting in profound cellular changes. IFN-I activates the cell by dimerizing its two-receptor chains, IFNAR1 and IFNAR2, which are expressed on all nucleated cells. Despite a similar mode of binding, the different IFN-Is activate a variety of outcomes. The causes for differential activation may stem from differences in IFN-I binding affinity, duration of binding, number of surface receptors, induction of feedback loops and cell-type specific variations. All together these will alter the signal that is transmitted from the extracellular domain inwards. The intracellular domains binds directly or indirectly to many different effector proteins that transmit signals. The composition of effector molecules deviate between different cell types and tissues, providing an additional level of complexity to the system. Moreover, IFN-Is do not act on their own, and clearly there is much cross talk between the activated effector molecules by IFN-I and other cytokines. The outcome generated by all of these factors (processing step) is an observed phenotype, which can be cell transformation, initiation of an antiviral state, induction of senescence or apoptosis and many more. In this review I summarize the current knowledge on the mode of activation and processing that is initiated by IFN-I, in perspective of the resulting phenotypes.
from #AlexandrosSfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2mEPiBz
via IFTTT
Εγγραφή σε:
Σχόλια ανάρτησης (Atom)
Δημοφιλείς αναρτήσεις
-
Publication date: Available online 4 January 2018 Source: European Journal of Radiology Author(s): Peiyao Zhang, Jing Wang, Qin Xu, Zhen...
-
Background Hyperthyroidism is associated with increased thrombotic risk. As contact system activation through formation of neutrophil extrac...
-
Publication date: March 2017 Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 104 from #AlexandrosSfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfak...
-
Dtsch med Wochenschr DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-100054 Hintergrund und Fragestellung Ein etablierter Weg, die optimale Behandlung von Tumorpatien...
-
Related Articles Anatomic parameters of the sacral lamina for osteosynthesis in transverse sacral fractures. Surg Radiol Anat....
-
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dengue is a common arboviral disease, which uncommonly involves the brain. There has been a recent surge in dengu...
-
Prediction of radiotherapy response with a 5-microRNA signature-based nomogram in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med. 2...
-
Abstract Limited memory size is considered as a major bottleneck in data centers for intelligent urban computing. It is shown that there e...
-
Abstract Objective Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of the most advanced techniques to analyze the cerebral effects o...
Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Δημοσίευση σχολίου