Tumor immunotherapy have broadened therapeutic options for tumor treatment. The role of immune function in juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JRRP) has not been investigated. Applying immunoblockade inhibitors as a novel disease treatment is unclear. Our study, for the first time, evaluates immune infiltration and immuno-suppressive molecule expression in JRRP. Our study provides insights in possibly treating this disease with tumor immunotherapies. We aimed to determine expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), a cancer escape protein, and presence of CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment.
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