Physical Layer Authentication Enhancement Using Maximum SNR Ratio Based Cooperative AF Relaying

Physical layer authentication techniques developed in conventional macrocell wireless networks face challenges when applied in the future fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications, due to the deployment of dense small cells in a hierarchical network architecture. In this paper, we propose a novel physical layer authentication scheme by exploiting the advantages of amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative relaying, which can increase the coverage and convergence of the heterogeneous networks. The essence of the proposed scheme is to select the best relay among multiple AF relays for cooperation between legitimate transmitter and intended receiver in the presence of a spoofer. To achieve this goal, two best relay selection schemes are developed by maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the legitimate link to the spoofing link at the destination and relays, respectively. In the sequel, we derive closed-form expressions for the outage probabilities of the effective SNR ratios at the destination. With the help of the best relay, a new test statistic is developed for making an authentication decision, based on normalized channel difference between adjacent end-to-end channel estimates at the destination. The performance of the proposed authentication scheme is compared with that in a direct transmission in terms of outage and spoofing detection.

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