Involvement of Dpp IV/CD26 in Cutaneous Wound Healing Process in Mice

ABSTRACT

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26) is a widely distributed multifunctional protein that plays a significant role in different physiological as well as pathological processes having a broad spectrum of bioactive substrates and immunomodulative properties. It has potential influence on different processes crucial for wound healing, including cell adhesion, migration, apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation. However, despite its known enzymatic and immunomodulative functions, limited data characterize the role of DPP IV/CD26 in cutaneous wound healing mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the process of wound healing in conditions of CD26 deficiency in order to obtain better insights on the role of DPP IV/CD26 in cutaneous regeneration. Experimental wounds were made on the dorsal part of CD26 deficient (CD26^-/-) and wild-type mice (C57BL/6). The process of cutaneous wound healing was monitored on defined time-schedule post wounding by macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical analyses. Obtained results revealed a better rate of wound closure, revascularization and cell proliferation in CD26^-/- mice, with enhanced local expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and vascular endothelial growth factor. CD26 deficiency induced prompt macrophage recruitment at the site of skin damage but did not influence mobilization of T-cells in comparison to wild-type mice. CD26^-/- mice have significantly higher values of IP-10 in serum and control skins compared to wild-type mice but values in wounds did not differ significantly on days 2, 4 and 7 of wound healing. DPP IV/CD26 activity was found to be decreased 4 days post-wounding in serum and 2, 4 and 7 days post-wounding in wounds of wild-type animals compared to control skins. These findings contribute to better understanding of wound healing mechanisms and could give a support in finding new therapeutic approaches for wound healing and tissue regeneration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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