Neonatal Adiposity Increases with Rising Cord Blood IGF-1 Levels

Abstract

Objective

Infants with higher adiposity at birth may be at greater risk of developing obesity later in life. IGF-1 is important for intrauterine growth and may be a useful early life marker of adiposity, and thus later obesity risk. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between cord blood IGF-1, neonatal anthropometrics, and markers of neonatal adiposity.

Design, Patients, and Measurements

A cross-sectional study design was utilized to study a multiethnic cohort of full term neonates born to healthy mothers without gestational diabetes at a large university hospital. Neonatal cord blood was collected after birth and assayed for IGF-1, leptin, and c-peptide. Neonatal body composition was measured between 24-72 hours of life using the method of air displacement plethysmography.

Results

Cord blood IGF-1 was positively and significantly associated with markers of neonatal adiposity in models adjusted for maternal age at delivery, race, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational age at delivery, and neonatal sex: birth weight (r=0.62, p<0.001), leptin (r=0.33, p=0.018), fat mass (r=0.52, p<0.001), and percent body fat (r=0.51, p<0.001). Cord blood IGF-1 was not associated with cord blood c-peptide.

Conclusions

Cord blood IGF-1 is strongly associated with all measures of neonatal adiposity suggesting that IGF-1 may be an important contributor to in-utero neonatal fat accumulation.

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