Hb Palencia: a novel {delta}{beta}{delta}-type two-way fusion variant with {beta}-globin-like expression levels

Aims

Fusion proteins of unequal recombination events at the β-globin locus have pathological effect. The haemoglobin (Hb) variants of type Lepore are fusion proteins characterised by β-like globin chains with a -globin (HBD) N-terminus and a β-globin (HBB) C-terminus, whereas reciprocal products of underlying crossover events hold a HBB N-terminus and HBD C-terminus instead. Finally, Hb Parchman contains a β-like globin chain with a central HBB fragment and HBD-derived N-termini and C-termini, whereas reciprocal hybrid proteins are as yet unknown.

Methods

The propositus was an 80-year-old Caucasian man, whose HbA1c quantification by HPLC (Variant II turbo) for exclusion of type-2 diabetes revealed an abnormal peak. Haemoglobins were analysed by ion-exchange HPLC (Variant II) and capillary electrophoresis (Sebia Capillarys Flex) and DNA by automatic Sanger sequencing of -globin and β-globin genes.

Results

Sequencing showed an HBB-HBD-HBB hybrid gene, with HBD-derived central codons 9–31, and HBB-derived UTRs and complementary coding regions. The corresponding new hybrid haemoglobin (Hb Palencia) is represented at 40%, similar to HbA.

Conclusion

Hb Palencia contains the first globin variant with internal HBD sequences and HBB-derived N-terminal and C-terminal and regulatory sequences. Relative quantity of the new ββ-type variant suggests transcriptional control by HBB elements and a half-life similar to normal HBB.

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