Σάββατο 25 Φεβρουαρίου 2017
EM-Based High Speed Wireless Sensor Networks for Underwater Surveillance and Target Tracking
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Penicillin-Susceptible, Oxidase-Negative, Nonhemolytic, Nonmotile Bacillus megaterium in Disguise of Bacillus anthracis
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Myocardial Infarction after Endoscopic Removal of Foreign Body
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Axial propeller flaps: a proposal for update of the “Tokyo consensus on propeller flaps”
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Permanent Implants for Lip Augmentation: results from a retrospective study and presentation of tips and tricks
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Conversion from weight to volume of mastectomy specimen: Convenient equations
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Should we consider the hemi-tip as a proper aesthetic subunit in nasal reconstruction?
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Eponychial flap refinement for the treatment of “hook-nail” deformity
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The use of practice guidelines in the management of pediatric cases of Acute Otitis Media in Amman, Jordan
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Respiratory depression
Respiratory depression: another term for hypoventilation, meaning that ventilation of the lungs is inadequate to perform needed gas exchange. Sometimes a respiratory rate of fewer than 12 breaths per minute is used as a definition of respiratory depression. Hypoventilation leads to an increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood (hypercapnia) and respiratory acidosis (a decrease in blood pH). Respiratory depression can result from a number of different disease processes. It can also be a side effect of medications, such as opioid pain medications and sedatives.
MedTerms (TM) is the Medical Dictionary of MedicineNet.com.
We Bring Doctors' Knowledge To You
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BMJ Open Ophthalmology
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Expression of VISTA correlated with immunosuppression and synergized with CD8 to predict survival in human oral squamous cell carcinoma
Abstract
V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), a novel immune checkpoint regulatory molecule, suppresses T cell mediated immune responses. The aim of the present study was to profile the immunological expression, clinical significance and correlation of VISTA in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Human tissue microarrays, containing 165 primary OSCCs, 48 oral epithelial dysplasias and 43 normal oral mucosae, were applied to investigate the expression levels of VISTA, CD8, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), PI3Kα p110, IL13Rα2, phospho-STAT3 at tyrosine 705 (p-STAT3) and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) markers (CD11b and CD33) by immunohistochemistry and digital pathology analysis. The results demonstrated that the protein level of VISTA was significantly higher in human OSCC specimens, and that VISTA expression in primary OSCCs was correlated with lymph node status. VISTA expression did not serve as an independent predictor for poor prognosis, while patient subgroup with VISTA high and CD8 low expression (22/165) had significantly poorer overall survival compared with other subgroups based on the multivariate and Cox hazard analyses among the primary OSCC patients in the present cohort. Additionally, the expression of VISTA was significantly correlated with PD-L1, CTLA-4, IL13Rα2, PI3K, p-STAT3, CD11b and CD33 according to Pearson’s correlation coefficient test. Taken together, the results indicated that the VISTA high and CD8 low group, as an immunosuppressive subgroup, might be associated with a poor prognosis in primary OSCC. These findings indicated that VISTA might be a potential immunotherapeutic target in OSCC treatment.
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Analyses of pea necrotic yellow dwarf virus-encoded proteins
Abstract
Pea necrotic yellow dwarf virus (PNYDV) is a multipartite, circular, single-stranded DNA plant virus. PNYDV encodes eight proteins and the function of three of which remains unknown—U1, U2, and U4. PNYDV proteins cellular localization was analyzed by GFP tagging and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) studies. The interactions of all eight PNYDV proteins were tested pairwise in planta (36 combinations in total). Seven interactions were identified and two (M-Rep with CP and MP with U4) were characterized further. MP and U4 complexes appeared as vesicle-like spots and were localized at the nuclear envelope and cell periphery. These vesicle-like spots were associated with the endoplasmatic reticulum. In addition, a nuclear localization signal (NLS) was mapped for U1, and a mutated U1 with NLS disrupted localized at plasmodesmata and therefore might also have a role in movement. Taken together, this study provides evidence for previously undescribed nanovirus protein–protein interactions and their cellular localization with novel findings not only for those proteins with unknown function, but also for characterized proteins such as the CP.
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The research in @NorthBristolNHS brain tumour bank relies on informed donations of tumour tissue. Would you sign up… https://t.co/ldrc3gKG8u
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Cancer patients could be significantly disadvantaged by Brexit, say experts https://t.co/cuMh3bmfUf
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Again for the afternoon crowd: read out latest editorial on post #Brexit #cancer care here https://t.co/POWBgr4S0j https://t.co/k7Tpd5UYWC
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Our latest editorial on the potential impact of #Brexit on cancer care is available now. Read more here… https://t.co/WRj32rmHTv
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RT @mb_Oncology : Bishal Gyawali: New edition of my blogs @ecancer Last Month in Oncology are out. Please take a look.… https://t.co/8b2Yqev…
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We met with Dr Kurian in @NorthBristolNHS brain tumour bank, who discussed research made possible with biopsies… https://t.co/J97yZYBqXF
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We met with Dr Kurian in @NorthBristolNHS brain tumour bank, who discussed the research made possible with biopsies… https://t.co/CZhB1ygRPI
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Latest @HopkinsMedicine research in @CellReports points to a protein pathway shielding #breastcancer from chemo… https://t.co/WLFBpWsndG
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.@ProfMcVie teaching a classroom full of future frontline healthcare workers for health kiosks in rural areas of In… https://t.co/YVk87ZAtb0
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How important is psychological intervention for gynaecological cancer patients admitted for surgery? https://t.co/wnR9TPyrLL
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Biosimilar of rituximab gets marketing approval in EU for NHL, CLL, potentially saving thousands of patients / €… https://t.co/qqlozzdLNA
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Explore the roles of inflammatory mediators in antitumour or protumour activity within the tumour microenvironment… https://t.co/hwMfsOPBHo
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Hypofractionationated radiotherapy for prostate cancer: Quick, cheap, tolerable and effective. Why wait? Would you?https://t.co/jwX9jiwXW1
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"Of all lifestyle factors, physical activity has the most robust effect on breast cancer outcomes" @Sunnybrook https://t.co/7iZ3HNP31Z
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Mens cancer deaths falling faster than womens across Europe https://t.co/ThEHmN4nrg https://t.co/FfSt4CAQIw
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RT @UNESCO : Find out how multilingual education can foster global citizenship around the world: https://t.co/3PquOQmDYE #MotherLanguageDay…
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ICYMI at #GU17 , antibiotics dampen immunotherapy effect in advanced RCC @ASCO https://t.co/CXkxsR6Dno
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Pressure from #NHScuts is mounting on UK cancer workforce, according to latest @macmillancancer report… https://t.co/CQBQwRdWWG
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Reviewed, refined #education accessible today! Register free on our website to improve your #patient care:… https://t.co/XOyjX2biAr
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Significant financial and linguistic inequalities still exist for researchers worldwide in publishing their work https://t.co/lP5m7clDjr
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A Case of Hepatic Portal Venous Gas: Hypothesis of a Transient Direct Communication between a Penetrating Antral Gastric Ulcer and Mesenteric Varices
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Melanomas and Dysplastic Nevi Differ in Epidermal CD1c+ Dendritic Cell Count
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IFN-τ Displays Anti-Inflammatory Effects on Staphylococcus aureus Endometritis via Inhibiting the Activation of the NF-κB and MAPK Pathways in Mice
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Tumor Size Is a Critical Factor in Adjuvant Chemotherapy for T3-4aN0M0 Gastric Cancer Patients after D2 Gastrectomy
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Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Prostate Which Was Initially Misdiagnosed as Prostate Cancer
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Mode of Delivery in Drug-Dependent Pregnant Women: A Case Control Study
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A Rational Approach to Sinus Augmentation: The Low Window Sinus Lift
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Definitive radiotherapy for local recurrence of NSCLC after surgery
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review
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Methodological considerations and impact of school-based interventions on objectively measured physical activity in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Summary
Objective
The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis are (i) to determine the impact of school-based interventions on objectively measured physical activity among adolescents and (ii) to examine accelerometer methods and decision rule reporting in previous interventions.
Methods
A systematic search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials targeting adolescents (age: ≥10 years), conducted in the school setting, and reporting objectively measured physical activity. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to determine the pooled effects of previous interventions on total and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Potential moderators of intervention effects were also explored.
Results
Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria, and twelve were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled effects were small and non-significant for both total physical activity (standardized mean difference = 0.02 [95% confidence interval = −0.13 to 0.18]) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (standardized mean difference = 0.24 [95% confidence interval = −0.08 to 0.56]). Sample age and accelerometer compliance were significant moderators for total physical activity, with a younger sample and higher compliance associated with larger effects.
Conclusion
Previous school-based physical activity interventions targeting adolescents have been largely unsuccessful, particularly for older adolescents. There is a need for more high-quality research using objective monitoring in this population. Future interventions should comply with best-practice recommendations regarding physical activity monitoring protocols.
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Factors involved in white-to-brown adipose tissue conversion and in thermogenesis: a review
Summary
Obesity is the result of energy intake chronically exceeding energy expenditure. Classical treatments against obesity do not provide a satisfactory long-term outcome for the majority of patients. After the demonstration of functional brown adipose tissue in human adults, great effort is being devoted to develop therapies based on the adipose tissue itself, through the conversion of fat-accumulating white adipose tissue into energy-dissipating brown adipose tissue. Anti-obesity treatments that exploit endogenous, pharmacological and nutritional factors to drive such conversion are especially in demand. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge about the various molecules that can be applied in promoting white-to-brown adipose tissue conversion and energy expenditure and the cellular mechanisms involved.
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A meta-analysis of overall effects of weight loss interventions delivered via mobile phones and effect size differences according to delivery mode, personal contact, and intervention intensity and duration
Summary
Weight loss interventions are delivered through various mediums including, increasingly, mobile phones. This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses whether interventions delivered via mobile phones reduce body weight and which intervention characteristics are associated with efficacy. The study included randomised controlled trials assessing the efficacy of weight loss interventions delivered via mobile phones. A meta-analysis to test intervention efficacy was performed, and subgroup analyses were conducted to determine whether interventions' delivery mode(s), inclusion of personal contact, duration and interaction frequency improve efficacy. Pooled body weight reduction (d = −0.23; 95% confidence interval = −0.38, −0.08) was significant. Interventions delivered via other modes in addition to the mobile phone were associated with weight reduction. Personal contact and more frequent interactions in interventions were also associated with greater weight reduction. In conclusion, the current body of evidence shows that interventions delivered via mobile phones produce a modest reduction in body weight when combined with other delivery modes. Delivering interventions with frequent and personal interactions may in particular benefit weight loss results.
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What characteristics of nutrition and physical activity interventions are key to effectively reducing weight gain in obese or overweight pregnant women? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Summary
Lifestyle interventions targeting gestational weight gain (GWG) report varying degrees of success. To better understand factors influencing efficacy, we reviewed randomized trials specifically among obese and overweight pregnant women.
Methods
We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis of 32 studies with a pooled population of 5,869 overweight or obese pregnant women. Random effects models were fit to compute the weighted mean difference (WMD) in GWG between groups across studies. Subgroup analyses were conducted to compare intervention efficacy in overweight vs. obese pregnant women, and interventions delivered by prenatal care providers (PCPs) vs. non-PCPs during pregnancy. Moderator analyses ensured.
Results
Nine (28%) of 32 studies reported significant reductions in GWG in response to intervention. Of these, six (66%) of nine were delivered by PCPs. Overall, the WMD in GWG was −1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.55, −0.86) kg. However, interventions delivered by PCPs yielded a significantly greater reduction in GWG compared to interventions delivered by non-PCPs (WMD = −3.88 kg; 95% CI: −7.01, −0.75 vs. -0.80 kg; 95% CI: −1.32, −0.28; p for difference = 0.005).
Conclusion
When PCPs counsel nutrition and physical activity, obese and overweight pregnant women have greater success meeting GWG targets and may be more motivated to modify their behaviour than with other modes of intervention deliveries.
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The accuracy of self-reported pregnancy-related weight: a systematic review
Summary
Self-reported maternal weight is error-prone, and the context of pregnancy may impact error distributions. This systematic review summarizes error in self-reported weight across pregnancy and assesses implications for bias in associations between pregnancy-related weight and birth outcomes. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar through November 2015 for peer-reviewed articles reporting accuracy of self-reported, pregnancy-related weight at four time points: prepregnancy, delivery, over gestation and postpartum. Included studies compared maternal self-report to anthropometric measurement or medical report of weights. Sixty-two studies met inclusion criteria. We extracted data on magnitude of error and misclassification. We assessed impact of reporting error on bias in associations between pregnancy-related weight and birth outcomes. Women underreported prepregnancy (PPW: −2.94 to −0.29 kg) and delivery weight (DW: −1.28 to 0.07 kg), and over-reported gestational weight gain (GWG: 0.33 to 3 kg). Magnitude of error was small, ranged widely, and varied by prepregnancy weight class and race/ethnicity. Misclassification was moderate (PPW: 0–48.3%; DW: 39.0–49.0%; GWG: 16.7–59.1%), and overestimated some estimates of population prevalence. However, reporting error did not largely bias associations between pregnancy-related weight and birth outcomes. Although measured weight is preferable, self-report is a cost-effective and practical measurement approach. Future researchers should develop bias correction techniques for self-reported pregnancy-related weight.
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Early post-operative psychosocial and weight predictors of later outcome in bariatric surgery: a systematic literature review
Summary
This is the first systematic review to synthesize the evidence concerning early post-operative variables predictive of later weight and psychosocial outcomes in bariatric surgery. Eight electronic databases for empirical studies were searched (1954 to 2016). Most of the 39 included studies reported solely on weight outcomes; eating and psychosocial outcomes were less common. A better early weight loss trajectory was the most consistent predictor of more successful medium-term weight outcome (≤24 months); however, its relationship to longer term weight loss maintenance is less certain. Early eating adaptation may be associated with later weight loss, but further research is needed. Evidence is lacking for associations between early adherence or early psychosocial variables and later outcome. In particular, the relationship between early post-operative depression and later weight remains unclear. Little research has considered early prediction of later eating or psychosocial outcomes. Consideration of mediating or moderating relationships is lacking. The body of evidence is limited, and synthesis is hampered by heterogeneity in the type and time at which predictors and outcomes are measured and quality of statistical reporting. Further research on prospective prediction of bariatric surgery outcome is needed to guide early post-operative intervention for those at greatest risk of poor outcomes.
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Applications of geographic information systems (GIS) data and methods in obesity-related research
Summary
Geographic information systems (GIS) data/methods offer good promise for public health programs including obesity-related research. This study systematically examined their applications and identified gaps and limitations in current obesity-related research. A systematic search of PubMed for studies published before 20 May 2016, utilizing synonyms for GIS in combination with synonyms for obesity as search terms, identified 121 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We found primary applications of GIS data/methods in obesity-related research included (i) visualization of spatial distribution of obesity and obesity-related phenomena, and basic obesogenic environmental features, and (ii) construction of advanced obesogenic environmental indicators. We found high spatial heterogeneity in obesity prevalence/risk and obesogenic environmental factors. Also, study design and characteristics varied considerably across studies because of lack of established guidance and protocols in the field, which may also have contributed to the mixed findings about environmental impacts on obesity. Existing findings regarding built environment are more robust than those regarding food environment. Applications of GIS data/methods in obesity research are still limited, and related research faces many challenges. More and better GIS data and more friendly analysis methods are needed to expand future GIS applications in obesity-related research.
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Are loss of control while eating and overeating valid constructs? A critical review of the literature
Summary
Background
Binge eating is a marker of weight gain and obesity, and a hallmark feature of eating disorders. Yet its component constructs – overeating and loss of control (LOC) while eating – are poorly understood and difficult to measure.
Objective
The objective of this study is to critically review the human literature concerning the validity of LOC and overeating across the age and weight spectrum.
Data sources
English-language articles addressing the face, convergent, discriminant and predictive validity of LOC and overeating were included.
Results
Loss of control and overeating appear to have adequate face validity. Emerging evidence supports the convergent and predictive validity of the LOC construct, given its unique cross-sectional and prospective associations with numerous anthropometric, psychosocial and eating behaviour-related factors. Overeating may be best conceptualized as a marker of excess weight status.
Limitations
Binge eating constructs, particularly in the context of subjectively large episodes, are challenging to measure reliably. Few studies addressed overeating in the absence of LOC, thereby limiting conclusions about the validity of the overeating construct independent of LOC. Additional studies addressing the discriminant validity of both constructs are warranted.
Discussion
Suggestions for future weight-related research and for appropriately defining binge eating in the eating disorders diagnostic scheme are presented.
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J. Intell., Vol. 5, Pages 8: What Can We Learn from “Not Much More than g”?
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Acute corneal hydrops during pregnancy with spontaneous resolution after corneal cross-linking for keratoconus: a case report
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CO 2 Exchange in an Alpine Swamp Meadow on the Central Tibetan Plateau
Abstract
Alpine wetland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau holds the highest organic carbon density of plateau ecosystems and is among the most sensitive areas to climate change. Understanding CO2 exchange and its environmental forces in this specific ecosystem can benefit constraints of carbon budgets from site to global scale under future climate change. Here we investigated CO2 flux measurements from 2009 to 2013 in a wide-distributed alpine wetland, Kobresia littledalei-Blysmus sinocompressus swamp meadow, by eddy covariance (EC) on the central Tibetan Plateau. Results showed diurnal variation of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) was affected by photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and this alpine swamp meadow had a high maximum ecosystem photosynthesis rate (Amax) with 32.96 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1. Nighttime ecosystem respiration (Re) rates were well associated with temperature, and average annual temperature sensitivity of Re (Q10) was 3.2. Both temperature and relative humidity (RH) played key roles in regulations of seasonal NEE, and their interactive effect was only significant in GS, especially when soil temperature at 10 cm was above 6.3 °C. Our results suggested this alpine swamp meadow was a stable CO2 sink with an annual accumulation of −161.85 ± 28.02 g C m−2. However, response of annual Re was more sensitive than GPP to change of temperature and length of growing season (LOG), which implied that future climate warming likely to weaken the CO2 sink of this alpine swamp meadow.
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The new issue is now available.The Hokuriku Crop Science
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Proteome and secretome analysis reveals differential post-transcriptional regulation of Toll-like receptor responses [Research]
The innate immune system is the organism's first line of defense against pathogens. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are responsible for sensing the presence of pathogen-associated molecules. The prototypic PRRs, the membrane-bound receptors of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiate an innate immune response through signaling pathways that depend on the adaptor molecules MyD88 and TRIF. Deciphering the differences in the complex signaling events that lead to pathogen recognition and initiation of the correct response remains challenging. Here we report the discovery of temporal changes in the protein signaling components involved in innate immunity. Using an integrated strategy combining unbiased proteomics, transcriptomics and macrophage stimulations with three different PAMPs, we identified differences in signaling between individual TLRs and revealed specifics of pathway regulation at the protein level.
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VCPA, a novel synthetic derivative of α-tocopheryl succinate, sensitizes human gastric cancer to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis via ROS-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction
Source:Cancer Letters, Volume 393
Author(s): Han Wu, Shaoping Liu, Jun Gong, Jiuyang Liu, Qian Zhang, Xiaohua Leng, Nian Zhang, Yan Li
Gastric carcinoma is a common malignant disease worldwide and has a dismal prognosis. Doxorubicin (DOX), one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents, has limited use because of its side effects and the development of tumor-cell resistance. Combinations of doxorubicin and non-cross-resistant agents have been required for adjuvant chemotherapy of gastric cancer. Here, we report that VCPA, a novel synthetic derivative of α-Tocopheryl Succinate, induced apoptosis via production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). When used in combination with doxorubicin, lower doses of VCPA sensitized human gastric cancer cells to DOX-induced apoptosis. The DOX/VCPA combination treatment caused an imbalance in the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax and induced a lethal mitochondrial dysfunction. MAPKs were also activated in response to the DOX/VCPA treatment but played a protective role in DOX-induced cell death. In vivo studies further confirmed the sensitizing effect of VCPA. Combining DOX with VCPA markedly inhibited tumor growth in a tumor xenograft model of human gastric cancer. Taken together, our study revealed that VCPA, through increased ROS production, could synergize with DOX and circumvent DOX resistance in human gastric cancer cells.
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Ear, nose and thorat disorders in pediatric patients at a rural hospital in Senegal
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 96
Author(s): Hady Tall, Fatoumata Yarie Bah, Timi Nasser, Aly Sambou, Bay Karim Diallo
IntroductionThe main health problems encountered in pediatric population in Senegal are low birth weigth malnutrition and infection. However, there is a lack of data on pediatric ENT diseases from west african population. This is no published data on any research work on pattern ENT pediatric done in Senegal. This study aimed at determining the pattern of common pediatric ENT diseases.Patients and methodsThis was a retrospective descriptive study involving review of medical record of patients aged 0–16 years who presented ENT diseases from April 2011 to May 2013 (2 years).Resultswithin the study period a total of 1329 children were seen. We found 696 children male and 633 female, sex ratio (M/F) is 1.1. Mean age of patients seen was 06 years. Nasal disorders (54,6%) were found to be the commonest group of ENT, followed by ear disorders (22,8%) thorat (22,7%). Hypertrophic adenoid (27,9%) allergic rhinitis (22,9%) and pharyngitis (17,7%) are the most common ENT problems in our pediatric population.ConclusionThe main health problems encountered in pediatric population in Senegal are low birth weigth malnutrition and infection. This study indicated hypertrophic adenoid (27,9%) allergic rhinitis (22,9%) and pharyngitis (17,7%) are the most common ENT problems in our pediatric population. However, this study can provide basic data for heath plan and future local research work.
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Endothelial Notch1 Activity Facilitates Metastasis
Source:Cancer Cell
Author(s): Elfriede Wieland, Juan Rodriguez-Vita, Sven S. Liebler, Carolin Mogler, Iris Moll, Stefanie E. Herberich, Elisa Espinet, Esther Herpel, Amitai Menuchin, Jenny Chang-Claude, Michael Hoffmeister, Christoffer Gebhardt, Hermann Brenner, Andreas Trumpp, Christian W. Siebel, Markus Hecker, Jochen Utikal, David Sprinzak, Andreas Fischer
Endothelial cells (ECs) provide angiocrine factors orchestrating tumor progression. Here, we show that activated Notch1 receptors (N1ICD) are frequently observed in ECs of human carcinomas and melanoma, and in ECs of the pre-metastatic niche in mice. EC N1ICD expression in melanoma correlated with shorter progression-free survival. Sustained N1ICD activity induced EC senescence, expression of chemokines and the adhesion molecule VCAM1. This promoted neutrophil infiltration, tumor cell (TC) adhesion to the endothelium, intravasation, lung colonization, and postsurgical metastasis. Thus, sustained vascular Notch signaling facilitates metastasis by generating a senescent, pro-inflammatory endothelium. Consequently, treatment with Notch1 or VCAM1-blocking antibodies prevented Notch-driven metastasis, and genetic ablation of EC Notch signaling inhibited peritoneal neutrophil infiltration in an ovarian carcinoma mouse model.
Graphical abstract
Teaser
Wieland, Rodriguez-Vita et al. reveal that activated Notch1 signaling in endothelial cells (ECs) in tumors and in the pre-metastatic niche induces VCAM1 expression, leading to increased neutrophil infiltration and metastasis. Inhibition of Notch1 or VCAM1 reduces metastasis driven by EC Notch1 in mouse models.from #AlexandrosSfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2lVhlNK
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Impact of control of blood glucose level during treatment of sudden deafness in diabetics: relationship with prognosis
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of control of blood glucose level during treatment of sudden deafness. A retrospective study was performed involving 197 patients from January, 2011 to September, 2015. All patients were administrated prednisolone (Pharmaprednisolone tab®, 5 mg/T; KoreaPharma) p.o under the following regimen: 60 mg/day for 4 days, 40 mg/day for 2 days, 30 mg/day for 1 day, 20 mg/day for 1 day, and 10 mg/day for 2 days. During treatment, pure tone audiometry and blood glucose level were investigated for each patient and the results were statistically analyzed. Mean hearing improvement was 19.2 dB for the non-diabetes group and 24.8 dB for the diabetes group. The greater improvement for diabetics was not statistically significant (p = 0.146). Hearing improvement was 25.1 dB for subjects with mean blood glucose <200 mg/dl and 24.6 dB for subjects with mean blood glucose >200 mg/dl; the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.267). Mean blood glucose level was 200.8 mg/dl for subjects with hearing improvement >20 dB and 181.8 mg/dl for subjects with hearing improvement <20 dB; the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.286). Control of blood glucose level during treatment of sudden deafness does not have a direct effect on prognosis.
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Inlay butterfly cartilage tympanoplasty in dry central perforated chronic otitis media
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Minimally invasive medial maxillectomy and the position of nasolacrimal duct: the CT study
Abstract
Several minimally invasive modifications of endoscopic medial maxillectomy have been proposed recently, with the least traumatic techniques utilizing the lacrimal recess as a route to enter the sinus. The aim of the study was to analyze the anatomy of medial maxillary wall in the region of nasolacrimal canal and, thus, to determine the capability of performing minimally invasive approach to the maxillary sinus leading through the lacrimal recess. The course of nasolacrimal canal and the distance between the anterior maxillary wall and the nasolacrimal canal (the width of lacrimal recess) were evaluated in 125 randomly selected computed tomography (CT) head examinations. The proportion of cases with unfavorable anatomical conditions (lacrimal recess too narrow to accept a 4 mm optic) to perform minimally invasive middle maxillectomy was assessed. The width of lacrimal recess, measured at the level of the inferior turbinate attachment, varied between 0 and 15.2 mm and was related to slanted course of nasolacrimal canal. The more perpendicular the axis of the canal to the nasal flor, the narrower the lacrimal recess. In about 16% of cases, lacrimal recess width was less than 4 mm and in 14.4% it was missing. The endoscopic approach to maxillary sinus leading through lacrimal recess is possible in about 70% of patients. In the remaining group of patients when the lacrimal recess is too narrow, this type of approach may be difficult to perform without damaging the piriform aperture rim or bony framework of nasolacrimal duct, or it may be impracticable when lacrimal recess is missing.
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Clinical benefits of polyurethane nasal packing in endoscopic sinus surgery
Abstract
The benefits of nasal packing after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) are still debated in the literature. Our aims were to evaluate the efficacy, and the clinical effects of a totally degradable nasal dressing used after ESS. Thirty patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Every patient underwent ESS and a polyurethane nasal dressing was used in one nasal fossa and the contralateral fossa was left unpacked. The extent of mucosal edema, crust formation, bleeding tendency, presence of synechiae, amount of nasal discharge, and the patency of the ostiomeatal complex (OMC) was evaluated during nasal endoscopy on the first, fourth, and twelfth postoperative weeks. All clinical findings were statistically analyzed. Endoscopy showed a significant improvement in the patency of the OMC on the side with resorbable material at 4 weeks after surgery. Follow-up at week 12 showed that in addition to the OMC patency scores, synechia formation and nasal discharge were also significantly improved in the packed fossa. Polyurethane packing is an effective alternative for nasal packing following functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
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The status of the middle turbinate and the risk of sinusitis after endoscopic transnasal sphenoidotomy
Abstract
The objectives of this study are to evaluate the occurrence of postoperative middle turbinate lateralization and the relationship between this lateralization and the risk of iatrogenic sinusitis after endoscopic transnasal sphenoidotomy procedure. Patients who undergone endoscopic transnasal sphenoidotomy and came under the surveillance of our otorhinolaryngology department between the January of 2010 and the December of 2015 were retrospectively scanned. Among them, the patients who were evaluated with paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) postoperatively were included in the study. The amount of middle turbinate lateralization in each patient was evaluated by comparing their routine preoperative CT image with the postoperative CT image. The air-fluid levels or soft tissue opacifications in the sinuses or obstruction of the ostiomeatal complex were accepted as the evidence of sinusitis on the images. The patients were asked questions regarding their symptoms of sinusitis on a phone interview for the statistical evaluation of their preoperative and postoperative Visual Analog Scale scores of complaints of sinusitis. The difference between preoperative and postoperative measurements was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001, 95% CI). The middle turbinate position was lateralized in 31 patients (81.6%), medialized in four patients (10.5%), and remained unchanged in three patients (7.9%). Overall, the sinus opacification and mucosal thickening rates did not change significantly which suggested the operation did not pose patients at increased risk of sinusitis. Mean VAS scores of complaints of sinusitis did not change significantly except for sensation of facial pressure, which showed a minor but statistically significant decrease (p < 0.001). This study revealed the lateralization of the middle turbinate after transnasal sphenoidotomy. However, it seemed that this lateralization did not create a predisposing factor for the development of acute and chronic sinusitis.
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Long-term results of a modified expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty for sleep-disordered breathing
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate the long-term objective and subjective results of a modified expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty (ESP) technique in patients with sleep-disordered breathing. Single center prospective study of 35 patients underwent an ESP as a primary surgical treatment between June 2012 and September 2015 at the hospital AZ Sint-Jan Bruges-Ostend. Patients were divided into non-OSAS and OSAS (AHI >5). Primary outcome parameters were the Epworth Sleeping Scale (ESS, reduction and score less then 10) and the Visual Analogue Score of snoring (VAS, assessed by partner) evaluated at 3 months and 1 year. In addition, the OSAS group underwent a polysomnography after 6 months to calculate the Apneu-Hypopneu Index (AHI) change. Secondary outcome parameters were possible complications and morbidity rate. The overall Epworth Sleepiness Scale showed a steady total reduction of, respectively, 42 and 48% at the two timepoints. All patients had a post-operative score of less than ten points. The Visual Analogue Score improved in 92% of the patients; of these, the snoring was reduced in 86% and disappeared in 6%. In the OSAS group, we noticed a reduction in AHI of more than 50 in 53% of the patients. A considerable reduction was found in the severe OSAS group, where we found a mean pre-operative average AHI of 41.3/h that was reduced 6 months after the operation to 17.4/h. There were no severe complications or increased morbidity rate observed. This first long-term study shows that the modified ESP seems to be a safe and promising technique in palatal surgery for patients with sleep-disordered breathing. Surgical effectiveness is sustained after 1 year, both in OSAS as in snoring pathology. The technique seems as approachable for the basic ENT surgeon as the uvulopalatopharynoplasty.
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Acoustic analysis of snoring sounds recorded with a smartphone according to obstruction site in OSAS patients
Abstract
Snoring is a sign of increased upper airway resistance and is the most common symptom suggestive of obstructive sleep apnea. Acoustic analysis of snoring sounds is a non-invasive diagnostic technique and may provide a screening test that can determine the location of obstruction sites. We recorded snoring sounds according to obstruction level, measured by DISE, using a smartphone and focused on the analysis of formant frequencies. The study group comprised 32 male patients (mean age 42.9 years). The spectrogram pattern, intensity (dB), fundamental frequencies (F 0), and formant frequencies (F 1, F 2, and F 3) of the snoring sounds were analyzed for each subject. On spectrographic analysis, retropalatal level obstruction tended to produce sharp and regular peaks, while retrolingual level obstruction tended to show peaks with a gradual onset and decay. On formant frequency analysis, F 1 (retropalatal level vs. retrolingual level: 488.1 ± 125.8 vs. 634.7 ± 196.6 Hz) and F 2 (retropalatal level vs. retrolingual level: 1267.3 ± 306.6 vs. 1723.7 ± 550.0 Hz) of retrolingual level obstructions showed significantly higher values than retropalatal level obstruction (p < 0.05). This suggests that the upper airway is more severely obstructed with retrolingual level obstruction and that there is a greater change in tongue position. Acoustic analysis of snoring is a non-invasive diagnostic technique that can be easily applied at a relatively low cost. The analysis of formant frequencies will be a useful screening test for the prediction of occlusion sites. Moreover, smartphone can be effective for recording snoring sounds.
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The comparison of the quality of life and intranasal edema between the patients with or without nasal packing after septoplasty
Abstract
Septoplasty is one of the most common operations performed in otolaryngology and anterior nasal packing is done routinely to prevent postoperative bleeding, septal hematoma or nasal synechia. Currently, transseptal sutures have gained a broader application area, not only for preventing the complications such as septal hematoma and bleeding but also closing any accidental tears of septal mucosa and providing additional support for the cartilage pieces retained in septoplasty. We evaluated the quality of life of the patients in early postoperative period (in the first postoperative week), intranasal edema with endoscopic examination and the intranasal changes with acoustic rhinometry. We performed a prospective and randomized study with patients undergoing septoplasty without inferior turbinectomy. As packing material, there were two groups: in group A, gauze in a glove finger and in group B, Doyle splint were used, and in the additional group C, only transseptal suture with 4/0 vicryl among the cartilaginous septum was performed. The patients were invited to control examinations on the postoperative 2nd, 4th and 7th days to evaluate the scores from 1 to 5 on the questionnaire for the pain, nasal fullness, sneezing, epiphora, difficulty in swallowing and sleep disturbances. The patients were also administered an endoscopic nasal examination for the purpose of detecting the intranasal edema, and acoustic rhinometry was performed during the control examinations to detect the intranasal changes. Total occluding packing was found to cause much more frequent and higher scores of epiphora, sneezing, difficulty in swallowing, but mainly, the pain compared to in silicone packing with airway and transseptal suture only. Although the silicone packing with airway was found to be much more comfortable, it also led to sneezing and epiphora. The patients without nasal packing had more comfortable period especially in the early postoperative days (the first 4 days). However, 1 week after surgery, groups with and without nasal packing were found to be equalized on behalf of the objective and subjective parameters. As any complication was not observed due to not using nasal packing, it is thought that nasal packing usage following septoplasty is not a necessity.
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Validation study of WatchPat 200 for diagnosis of OSA in an Asian cohort
Abstract
To validate a wrist-worn portable device (WatchPat 200) to diagnose OSA in an Asian cohort. To evaluate its cost-effectiveness. Twenty patients with suspected OSA were recruited and had simultaneous polysomnography (PSG) and WatchPAT assessments concurrently within the hospital’s sleep laboratory. The study population consisted of 18 male and 2 female patients, whose mean age was 39 (±16) years, mean BMI was 27.2 (±5.5) kg/m2, mean Epworth Sleepiness score was 8.55 (±4.8). The correlation between the AHI was assessed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient and agreement was tested via the Bland Altman plot. Sensitivities and specificities were then applied to the various AHI groups. Spearman’s coefficient was 0.94, which suggested that a very strong correlation between the AHI recorded by the WatchPat and the PSG. Bland–Altman plot showed good agreement with the AHI mean difference of about 4.23 with a slight tendency to overscore the AHI at the mild range of OSA and underscore the range at the severe end of OSA. The WatchPat showed 100% sensitivity when compared to PSG for mild OSA and is thus a good screening test for the undiagnosed general population. Furthermore, it also showed 100% specificity when compared to PSG for severe OSA suggesting that it is a good diagnostic test for people with a high suspicion of OSA. This facilitates a timelier diagnosis and a more economical approach with potential cost savings of up to $900 per patient.
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Astronomy Writer Confronts Mysteries of Inner Space
-- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
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Interplay between SIRT1 and hepatitis B virus X protein in the activation of viral transcription
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms
Author(s): Jian-Jun Deng, Ka-Yiu Edwin Kong, Wei-Wei Gao, Hei-Man Vincent Tang, Vidyanath Chaudhary, Yun Cheng, Jie Zhou, Chi-Ping Chan, Danny Ka-Ho Wong, Man-Fung Yuen, Dong-Yan Jin
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome is organized into a minichromosome known as covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which serves as the template for all viral transcripts. SIRT1 is an NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase which activates HBV transcription by promoting the activity of cellular transcription factors and coactivators. How SIRT1 and viral transactivator X protein (HBx) might affect each other remains to be clarified. In this study we show synergy and mutual dependence between SIRT1 and HBx in the activation of HBV transcription. All human sirtuins SIRT1 through SIRT7 activated HBV gene expression. The steady-state levels of SIRT1 protein were elevated in HBV-infected liver tissues and HBV-replicating hepatoma cells. SIRT1 interacted with HBx and potentiated HBx transcriptional activity on precore promoter and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) likely through a deacetylase-independent mechanism, leading to more robust production of cccDNA, pregenomic RNA and surface antigen. SIRT1 and HBx proteins were more abundant when both were expressed. SIRT1 promoted the recruitment of HBx as well as cellular transcriptional factors and coactivators such as PGC-1α and FXRα to cccDNA. Depletion of SIRT1 suppressed HBx recruitment. On the other hand, SIRT1 recruitment to cccDNA was compromised when HBx was deficient. Whereas pharmaceutical agonists of SIRT1 such as resveratrol activated HBV transcription, small-molecule inhibitors of SIRT1 including sirtinol and Ex527 exhibited anti-HBV activity. Taken together, our findings revealed not only the interplay between SIRT1 and HBx in the activation of HBV transcription but also new strategies and compounds for developing antivirals against HBV.
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Kinetics of nucleotide entry into RNA polymerase active site provides mechanism for efficiency and fidelity
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms
Author(s): Beibei Wang, Rachel E. Sexton, Michael Feig
During transcription, RNA polymerase II elongates RNA by adding nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) complementary to a DNA template. Structural studies have suggested that NTPs enter and exit the active site via the narrow secondary pore but details have remained unclear. A kinetic model is presented that integrates molecular dynamics simulations with experimental data. Previous simulations of trigger loop dynamics and the dynamics of matched and mismatched NTPs in and near the active site were combined with new simulations describing NTP exit from the active site via the secondary pore. Markov state analysis was applied to identify major states and estimate kinetic rates for transitions between those states. The kinetic model predicts elongation and misincorporation rates in close agreement with experiment and provides mechanistic hypotheses for how NTP entry and exit via the secondary pore is feasible and a key feature for achieving high elongation and low misincorporation rates during RNA elongation.
Graphical abstract
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A compilation of Web-based research tools for miRNA analysis
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IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 230: Increased Risk of Stroke in Patients of Concussion: A Nationwide Cohort Study
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IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 231: Financial Stress and Smoking within a Large Sample of Socially Disadvantaged Australians
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IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 497: De Novo Transcriptome Analysis of Plant Pathogenic Fungus Myrothecium roridum and Identification of Genes Associated with Trichothecene Mycotoxin Biosynthesis
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IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 503: The Impacts of Cellular Senescence in Elderly Pneumonia and in Age-Related Lung Diseases That Increase the Risk of Respiratory Infections
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IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 502: From Lysosomal Storage Diseases to NKT Cell Activation and Back
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IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 499: Gene Expression in Osteolysis: Review on the Identification of Altered Molecular Pathways in Preclinical and Clinical Studies
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IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 498: The Acute Inflammatory Response to Absorbed Collagen Sponge Is Not Enhanced by BMP-2
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IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 504: The Diverse Roles of Microglia in the Neurodegenerative Aspects of Central Nervous System (CNS) Autoimmunity
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Discordant frequencies of tissue-resident and circulating CD180-negative B cells in chronic rhinosinusitis
Background
The unconventional toll-like receptor (TLR) CD180 is implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases; however, its role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has yet to be investigated. Here we study the expression of CD180, its homologue TLR4 and myeloid differentiation factor 1 (MD1) on mucosal and systemic immune cell populations in relation to serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels.
Methods
A total of 70 patients were recruited to the study. Mucosal and peripheral blood samples were prospectively collected from CRS patients and non-CRS controls without evidence of sinus disease. The expression of TLR4, MD1, and CD180 was investigated using qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. Serum IgG levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results
CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients had significantly increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of CD180 and MD1 compared to controls (5.54-fold and 2.1-fold, respectively, p < 0.01). B cells lacking CD180 were lower in CRSwNP tissue compared to CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and controls (21.07 ± 6.41 vs 41.61 ± 7.82 vs 40.06 ± 8.06; p < 0.01) but higher in blood (39.18 ± 8.3 vs 17.95 ± 7.82 and 12.49 ± 4.92; p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion
Changes in mucosal and peripheral CD180-expressing B cells were identified in CRSwNP patients compared to CRSsNP and controls. This suggests a role for these cells in the dysregulated immune response in these patients.
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms related to cystic fibrosis in chronic rhinositus—a pilot study
Background
The clinical association between cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is well known. Studies have identified several non-CF transmembrane conductance regulator single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with disease severity in CF patients. We hypothesized that prevalence of these SNPs would be different between CRS patients and age/gender-matched non-CRS controls.
Methods
This is a targeted SNP study of 1231 CRS patients identified through a large university hospital database who were compared with 8796 age- and gender-matched controls without a history of rhinitis, sinusitis, allergies, or asthma. Prevalence of 5 relevant SNPs was compared between groups, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Stratification by race and gender was performed among groups when statistically appropriate.
Results
CRS patients exhibited a statistically significant (p = 0.036) lower prevalence of rs12883884 (associated with an ion transporter) compared with controls. This association was lost when patients were stratified by race. CRS patients manifested a greater prevalence of rs1403543 (chromosome 23) in both Caucasian and African American subgroups (p = 0.036 and p = 0.026, respectively). Statistical significance disappeared among Caucasians when stratified by gender, but persisted among African American women (p = 0.047). rs12188164 and rs12793173 were both more prevalent in African Americans with CRS than controls (p = 0.042 and p = 0.020, respectively). A trend was also observed for decreased prevalence of rs12883884 in CRS patients compared with controls in the African American subgroup (p = 0.086).
Conclusion
The identified SNPs were differentially prevalent in CRS compared with control groups, with some variability as a function of race and gender. Further research is required to confirm these findings and elucidate clinical significance.
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Combining talimogene laherparepvec with immunotherapies in melanoma and other solid tumors
Abstract
Talimogene laherparepvec is a first-in-class intralesional oncolytic immunotherapy. In a recent Phase III trial (OPTiM), talimogene laherparepvec significantly improved durable response rate compared with subcutaneous granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Overall response rate was also higher in the talimogene laherparepvec arm, and the greatest efficacy was demonstrated in patients with earlier-stage (IIIB, IIIC, or IVM1a) melanoma. Talimogene laherparepvec was well tolerated, with the majority (89%) of adverse events being grade 1 or 2. Preclinical studies have shown that talimogene laherparepvec exerts antitumor activity by selectively replicating within and destroying cancer cells, and through the release of tumor-associated antigens and expression of GM-CSF, which facilitates a wider antitumor immune response. It is hypothesized that combining talimogene laherparepvec with a systemic immunotherapy may, by bringing together complementary mechanisms of action, further enhance the efficacy of both agents. Indeed, talimogene laherparepvec is currently being assessed in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, including ipilimumab and pembrolizumab, in trials for melanoma and other solid tumors. Early results in melanoma indicate that the combination of talimogene laherparepvec with ipilimumab or pembrolizumab has greater efficacy than either therapy alone, without additional safety concerns above those expected for each monotherapy. In this review, we discuss the latest results from trials assessing talimogene laherparepvec in combination with other immunotherapies, provide an overview of ongoing and upcoming combination trials, and suggest future directions for talimogene laherparepvec in combination therapy for solid tumors.
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IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 494: Distinct Antigen Delivery Systems Induce Dendritic Cells’ Divergent Transcriptional Response: New Insights from a Comparative and Reproducible Computational Analysis
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