Th2 cells and macrophages cooperatively induce allergic inflammation through histamine signaling

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Th2 cells and macrophages cooperatively induce allergic inflammation through histamine signaling Via Nasal diseases by Naruhito Iwasaki, Seigo Terawaki, Kouhei Shimizu, Daisuke Oikawa, Hirokazu Sakamoto, Kishiko Sunami, Fuminori Tokunaga Histamine, which is mainly produced by mast cells and basophils, participates in various allergic symptoms, and some studies have reported that macrophages also produce histamine. Moreover, recent studies have revealed that macrophages, especially alternatively activated macrophages (M2) induced by T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, participate in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. The major source of Th2 cytokines is antigen-specific Th2 cells. To elucidate the relationship between histamine, macrophages, and Th2 cells in allergic inflammation, we established a macrophage-Th2 cell co-culture model in vitro and an antigen-specific Th2 cell transfer mouse model of rhinitis. In vitro analyses indicated that macrophages produce histamine by interacting with antigen-specific Th2 cells through the antigen. Furthermore, Th2 cells and macrophages cooperatively elicited rhinitis in the mouse model. We determined that histamine induces Th2- and macrophage-elicited sneezing responses through H1 receptor signaling, whereas it induces nasal eosinophil infiltrations through H4 receptor signaling. Collectively, these results indicate a novel histamine production mechanism by macrophages, in which Th2 cells and macrophages cooperatively induce nasal allergic inflammation through histamine signaling. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Oral health care professionals recommending and administering the HPV vaccine: Understanding the strengths and assessing the barriers

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Oral health care professionals recommending and administering the HPV vaccine: Understanding the strengths and assessing the barriers Via Head and neck cancers by Denise Guadiana, Nolan M. Kavanagh, Cristiane H. Squarize Introduction Head and neck cancer is a deadly cancer that ranks among the six most common cancers worldwide. The HPV vaccine has been used to prevent head and neck cancer of the oropharynx, and changes in health policies and state law are impacting the role of dental professionals in HPV vaccination. However, relatively little is known about dental professionals' attitudes regarding the vaccine. Objectives Our study assesses dental professionals' willingness to administer the HPV vaccine, their confidence discussing HPV with patients, beliefs about the vaccine's efficacy, perceived barriers to administering it, and sites of referral. Methods We surveyed 623 dental professionals, including dentists, hygienists, dental students, and hygiene students across Michigan. Attitudes toward the vaccine and predictive characteristics were evaluated by logistic regression, ANOVAs, and t-tests. Results The majority of the respondents (51% of dentists, 63% of hygienis ts, 82% of dental students, and 71% of hygiene students) were willing to administer the HPV vaccine if allowed by law. The role of dental and dental hygiene students would be one of advocacy, educating and recommending the vaccine, and the dental students administering it once licensed. Dental professionals were variably confident discussing HPV with patients and generally believed it enhanced patients' health. Stronger confidence and beliefs were associated with greater willingness to administer the vaccine. Barriers among professionals opposing the HPV vaccine included lack of knowledge on the subject, liability concerns, and personal beliefs. Conclusion Dental professionals can become leaders in preventing HPV-related cancers. Training and continuing education courses could enhance their confidence and willingness to recommend and administer the HPV vaccine. Policy implications Legislation that permits dental professionals to administer the vaccine could increase the vaccine's accessibility to patients, improve vaccination rates, and population health. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Female Voice-Related Sexual Attractiveness to Males: Does it Vary With Different Degrees of Conception Likelihood?

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Female Voice-Related Sexual Attractiveness to Males: Does it Vary With Different Degrees of Conception Likelihood? Via Journal of Voice Previous investigations have found that female voice-related attractiveness to males increases when both conception likelihood (CL) and voice fundamental frequency (fo) are elevated. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a perceptual experiment where 78 heterosexual males rated sexual attractiveness of 9 female voice samples, recorded at menstrual, follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle under two double-blinded randomly allocated conditions: a natural menstrual cycle (placebo condition) and when using an oral contraceptive pill (OCP condition). View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Ex‐vivo gene modification therapy for genetic skin diseases – recent advances in gene modification technologies and delivery

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Ex‐vivo gene modification therapy for genetic skin diseases – recent advances in gene modification technologies and delivery Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract Genetic skin diseases, also known as genodermatoses, are inherited disorders affecting skin and constitute a large and heterogeneous group of diseases. While genodermatoses are rare with the prevalence rate of less than 1 in 50,000 – 200,000, they frequently occur at birth or early in life and are generally chronic, severe, and could be life‐threatening. The quality of life of patients and their families are severely compromised by the negative psychosocial impact of disease, physical manifestations, and the lack or loss of autonomy. Currently, there are no curative treatments for these conditions. Ex‐vivo gene modification therapy that involves modification or correction of mutant genes in patients' cells in‐vitro and then transplanted back to patients to restore functional gene expression has being developed for genodermatoses. In this review, the ex‐vivo gene modification therapy strategies for genodermatoses are reviewed, focusing on current ad vances in gene modification and correction in patients' cells and delivery of genetically modified cells to patients with discussions on gene therapy trials which have been performed in this area. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Efficacy of 2.5mg oral biotin versus 5% topical minoxidil in increasing nail growth rate.

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Efficacy of 2.5mg oral biotin versus 5% topical minoxidil in increasing nail growth rate. Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract The fingernail growth rate (NGR) is approximately 3 mm/month and varies according to sex, age, labour activities, systemic diseases, seasonality, dominant hand, and trauma.1 The slow growth of nails may have functional and cosmetic impact, such as nail fragility and delayed renewal of the nail plate.2 Few studies have evaluated pharmacological interventions to increase NGR. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Proposal of New Key Step in Lateral Approach Thyroidectomy in Light of Comparison of Surgical Outcomes of Medial versus Lateral Approach Thyroidectomy: A Randomised Controlled Study

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Proposal of New Key Step in Lateral Approach Thyroidectomy in Light of Comparison of Surgical Outcomes of Medial versus Lateral Approach Thyroidectomy: A Randomised Controlled Study Via International Journal of Otolaryngology Objective. Thyroid surgery has travelled a long path, from a surgery which once was considered deemed to fail and even led to death, to the current time when newer techniques are being tested to make the incision smaller and smaller. The aim of our study is to give a precise detailed stepwise description of medial and lateral surgical approach with the anatomical basis and to compare their feasibility and safety. Methods. 104 cases presenting with thyroid swelling in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Assam Medical College Dibrugarh from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019, were selected and randomisation was done based on day of admission from OPD. Basic demographic data, preoperative diagnosis, operative time, blood loss, need for transection of strap muscles, and complications were recorded. Result. The distribution of thyroid cases according to age ranged from 17 to 81 years. The prevalence of thyroid disorders was the highest (37.5%) in the age group of 31–40 yrs. Of a total of 104 thyroid cases, 49 were colloid goitre, 24 were multinodular goitre, 9 were follicular neoplasm category 4, 4 were papillary thyroid carcinoma, 2 were follicular neoplasm category 3, and 3 were follicular neoplasm category 5. Conclusion. Out of the two approaches, lateral approach thyroidectomy showed better results with fewer complications. A single structure (superior belly of omohyoid) can be used as a guide to preserving all vital structures related to the thyroid gland. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

UK Head and neck cancer surgical capacity during the second wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic – have we learned the lessons?

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader UK Head and neck cancer surgical capacity during the second wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic – have we learned the lessons? Via Clinical Otolaryngology Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in surgical capacity for head and neck cancer in the UK between the first wave (March‐June 2020) and the current wave (Jan‐Feb 2021) of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Design REDcap online based survey of hospital capacity. Setting UK secondary and tertiary hospitals providing head and neck cancer surgery. Participants One representative per hospital was asked to report the capacity for head and neck cancer surgery in that institution. Main outcome measures The principal measures of interests were new patient referrals, capacity in outpatients, theatres and critical care; therapeutic compromises constituting delay to surgery, de‐escalated surgery and therapeutic migration to non‐surgical primary modality. Results Data was returned from approximately 95% of UK hospitals with a head and neck cancer surgery specialist service. 50% of UK head and neck cancer patients requiring surgery have significantly compromised treatments during the second wave: 28% delayed, 10% have received radiotherapy‐based treatment instead of surgery and 12% have received de‐escalated surgery. Surgical capacity has been more severely constrained in the second wave (58% of pre‐pandemic level) compared with the first wave (62%) despite the time to prepare. Conclusions Some hospitals are overwhelmed by COVID‐19 and unable to offer essential cancer surgery, but all have neighbouring hospitals in their region retaining good (or even normal) capacity. It is noteworthy that very few patients have been appropriately re‐directed away from the hospitals most constrained by their burden of COVID‐19. The paucity of an effective central or regional strategic response to this evident mismatch between demand and surgical capacity is to the detriment of our head and neck cancer patients. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Preoperative plasmapheresis in patients with Graves' disease intolerant to antithyroid drugs

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Preoperative plasmapheresis in patients with Graves' disease intolerant to antithyroid drugs Via radioactive iodine Ther Apher Dial. 2021 Mar 4. doi: 10.1111/1744-9987.13639. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Antithyroid drugs (ATD) are the mainstay of treatment for Graves' disease with possible detrimental adverse effects. Surgery or radioactive iodine ablation (RAI) is the second choice among the treatment options in cases of non-remission. Normalization of serum thyroid hormone levels as much as possible is required before surgery or RAI to prevent thyrotoxic crisis in patients with uncontrolled Graves disease. In recent decades, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been used in the treatment of thyroid storm, drug-induced hepatotoxicity and agranulocytosis, or patients with hyperthyroidism scheduled for emergency surgery. TPE is an effective method to reduce serum FT3, FT4, and TRAB levels in severe hyperthyroid conditions. Although TPE-related complications are rare, the risk of bleeding needs to be taken into consideration in patients who were scheduled for surgery within 24 hours after TPE. In terms of reducing intraoperative bleeding, patients can be referred to surgery 24-48 hours after TPE, or fresh frozen plasma transfusion can be the preferred treatment for emergency cases. PMID:33661574 | DO I:10.1111/1744-9987.13639 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Impact of intertendinous connections between the flexor digitorum brevis and longus on percutaneous tenotomy for the treatment of claw toes: an anatomic and ultrasound study

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Impact of intertendinous connections between the flexor digitorum brevis and longus on percutaneous tenotomy for the treatment of claw toes: an anatomic and ultrasound study Via radiol anat Surg Radiol Anat. 2021 Mar 4. doi: 10.1007/s00276-021-02723-8. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Selective percutaneous tenotomy of the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) is a treatment for claw toes that gives astonishingly good functional results despite tendon sacrifice. However, the involution of the FDL tendon stump after tenotomy is unknown. The aim of our study was to assess the involution of the tendon stump after selective percutaneous tenotomy of the FDL. M ETHODS: The study included two parts. In the clinical part, an ultrasound analysis of 15 FDL tenotomies in 7 patients was carried out 3 months post-surgery. In the anatomic part, the feet of 10 bodies donated to science were dissected and examined anatomically. RESULTS: The proximal stump of the FDL was located near the base of the proximal phalanx and moved synchronously with the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB).Separating the FDB and FDL revealed a large tissue connection between the plantar surface of the tendinous chiasm of the FDB and the dorsal part of the FDL. These connections had significant resistance ranging from 2 to 9 Newtons depending on the toe. Tenotomy of the FDL followed by proximal traction of it led to retraction of the stump up to the base of the proximal phalanx and transfer of its action to the FDB by tensioning the intertendinous structure. Histologically, these structures were mostly comprised of tendon connective tissue. Their vascular component was smal l. CONCLUSION: The presence of this intertendinous connection leads, in the case of isolated tenotomy of the FDL, to equivalent transfer of the latter to the FDB. PMID:33661354 | DOI:10.1007/s00276-021-02723-8 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Morphological speculation of the MHPD and related clinical projections

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Morphological speculation of the MHPD and related clinical projections Via radiol anat Surg Radiol Anat. 2021 Mar 4. doi: 10.1007/s00276-021-02725-6. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: The concept of mesopancreas has been brought into focus nowadays. Studies on membrane morphology of pancreas are clinically significant in determining an ideal surgical route for a "holy plane". In this paper, we aimed to observe the structure of the peripancreatic membranes and its interactions with adjacent tissues; tentatively put forward the proposition of mesohepato pancreaticoduodenum (MHPD) and explore in depth in surgical local resection. METHODS: 33 cadavers were examined in the experiment, including 30 for gross anatomy and 3 for histological observation after transection. The histological characteristics of the membrane covering the pancreas were proved by Masson and Bielschowsky silver staining and further explored in clinical application and testified in a surgical scenario. All above were carried out through traditional procedures. RESULTS: The anterior surface membrane of the pancreas was intact and the posterior portion expanding to the pancreaticoduodenum enclosed the surface of the duodenum and the pancreatic head, which could be easily isolated from the posterior abdominal wall. The posterior surface membrane around the body and tail wrapped the pancreatic parenchyma, which created a soft-tissue window for the posterior abdominal wall. Then, dense connective tissue adhesions were detected between the celiac artery and the superior mesenteric artery. CONCLUSIONS: The embryonic origin of the mesopancreas and the surgical procedures were reviewed and inspected based on the proposition of MHPD and above results. We hope that this study could stir up our interest in the advancement of imaging diagnoses and minimally invasive surgical treatment of pancreas. PMID:33661355 | DOI:10.1007/s00276-021-02725-6 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Epistaxis in HHT.................All patients were given nasal humidifying ointments, 93% required acute treatment with bipolar electrocautery, and 60% underwent atraumatic nasal packing. Recurrent cases were treated medically with tranexamic acid (26%), oestrogen (19%), and bevacizumab (2%). Laser photocoagulation was done in selected cases (40%) and if unsuccessful, septal dermoplasty was performed (2.3%). Endovascular embolization was reserved for life-threatening emergencies (7%).

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Long-term efficacy assessment of current treatment options for epistaxis in HHT Via http://link.springer.com/journal/405,European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology,The European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Mar 4. doi: 10.1007/s00405-021-06701-z. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a vascular disorder that presents with recurrent, intractable epistaxis. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the efficacy of various treatment options for epistaxis in patients with HHT, over a period of 18 years, and to correlate these findings with available evidence in the literature. METHODS: Records of patients with HHT, treated for epistaxis between 2000 and 2018 were analyzed. Treatment procedures carried out and their efficacy were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-three records were evaluated. All patients were given nasal humidifying ointments, 93% required acute treatment with bipolar electrocautery, and 60% underwent atraumatic nasal packing. Recurrent cases were treated medically with tranexamic acid (26%), oestrogen (19%), and beva cizumab (2%). Laser photocoagulation was done in selected cases (40%) and if unsuccessful, septal dermoplasty was performed (2.3%). Endovascular embolization was reserved for life-threatening emergencies (7%). CONCLUSION: Epistaxis in HHT is not curable, but can be managed by employing a comprehensive stepwise approach. An algorithm for effective and comprehensive management has been presented. PMID:33661356 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-021-06701-z View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.