Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of the normal knee anterolateral ligament in children and adolescents

Abstract

Objective

To characterize the anterolateral ligament (ALL) in normal knees of pediatric patients by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to establish the age at which it is possible to visualize its presence and whether there are differences between male and female populations.

Materials and methods

MRI scans of patients younger than 18 years were retrospectively evaluated. The exams were performed in 1.5-T scanners. The ALL was characterized dichotomously as visualized or not visualized based on the assessment criteria of this structure in adult patients. The characterization of the ALL was divided according to sex and age.

Results

A total of 363 knee MRI scans were evaluated, 200 from male and 163 from female patients. The ALL was more frequently visualized in coronal sequences. The mean ALL visualization in pediatric patients was 69.4% and was lower in younger patients and higher in patients close to 18 years. It was not possible to visualize the ALL in female patients younger than 7 years or in male patients younger than 6 years. In patients between 17 and 18 years of age, the ALL was visualized in 100% of cases in both sexes.

Conclusions

Visualization of the ALL increased with age in both sexes. Only after age 13 in females and age 15 in males was visualization of the ALL close to 70%; thus, below these ages, we believe that the characterization of this structure with conventional protocols is still imprecise.

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Physician assessed and patient reported lower limb edema after definitive radio(chemo)therapy and image-guided adaptive brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer: A report from the EMBRACE study

Publication date: Available online 6 April 2018
Source:Radiotherapy and Oncology
Author(s): Dina Najjari Jamal, Richard Pötter, Christine Haie-Meder, Jacob C. Lindegaard, Ina Maria Juergenliemk-Schulz, Umesh Mahantshetty, Barbara Segedin, Kjersti Bruheim, Peter Hoskin, Bhavana Rai, Ericka Wiebe, Rachel Cooper, Kari Tanderup, Kathrin Kirchheiner
Background/purposeTo evaluate the pattern of manifestation and risk factors for lower limb edema (LLE) within the prospective, observational, multi-center EMBRACE study on radiochemotherapy and MRI-guided brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC).Material/methodsLLE was prospectively assessed according to the physician-reported CTCAE v.3 and patient-reported EORTC QLQ-CX24 questionnaire at baseline and regular follow-up.ResultsIn total, 1176 patients were evaluated with a median follow-up of 27 months. Actuarial analyses revealed 3/5-year estimates of 27%/31% of CTCAE G ≥ 1, 6.1%/6.6% of G ≥ 2 and 0.5%/0.5% for G ≥ 3.Prevalence rates for G ≥ 1 LLE at 3 months, 1, 3 and 5 years after end of treatment were 7%, 12%, 12%, 15% for physician-assessed and 25%, 30%, 30%, 34% for any patient-reported symptoms and showed a steady increase over time.Invasive lymph node staging and obesity at diagnosis are independent significant risk factors for G ≥ 1 LLE, whereas nodal boost has no impact. Extended radiation fields including para-aortic and/or inguinal nodes show a tendency to increase the risk.ConclusionSevere LLE after definitive radiochemotherapy in LACC is rare. However, the risk for mild LLE is considerable, and related to patient-, diagnostic- and treatment characteristics.Less invasive diagnostic surgical procedures or non-invasive assessment, less invasive radiotherapy management and active rehabilitation are important pathways for future developments.



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Characteristic MR Imaging Findings of the Neonatal Brain in RASopathies.

Related Articles

Characteristic MR Imaging Findings of the Neonatal Brain in RASopathies.

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2018 Apr 05;:

Authors: Cizmeci MN, Lequin M, Lichtenbelt KD, Chitayat D, Kannu P, James AG, Groenendaal F, Chakkarapani E, Blaser S, de Vries LS

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neuroimaging features in neonates with RASopathies are rarely reported, and to date, there are no neuroimaging studies conducted in this population. Our aim was to investigate the occurrence of supratentorial and posterior fossa abnormalities on brain MRIs of neonates with a RASopathy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational case-control study of neonates with a confirmed RASopathy was conducted. The presence of an intraventricular and/or parenchymal hemorrhage and punctate white matter lesions and assessments of the splenium of the corpus callosum, gyrification of the cortical gray matter, and enlargement of the extracerebral space were noted. The vermis height, transverse cerebellar diameter, cranial base angle, tentorial angle, and infratentorial angle were measured.
RESULTS: We reviewed 48 brain MR studies performed at 3 academic centers in 3 countries between 2009 and 2017. Sixteen of these infants had a genetically confirmed RASopathy (group 1), and 32 healthy infants were enrolled as the control group (group 2). An increased rate of white matter lesions, extracerebral space enlargement, simplification of the cortical gyrification, and white matter abnormalities were seen in group 1 (P < .001, for each). The vermis height of patients was significantly lower, and tentorial and infratentorial angles were significantly higher in group 1 (P = .01, P < .001, and P = .001, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: Neonates with a RASopathy had characteristic structural and acquired abnormalities in the cortical gray matter, white matter, corpus callosum, cerebellum, and posterior fossa. This study provides novel neuroimaging findings on supratentorial and posterior fossa abnormalities in neonates with a RASopathy.

PMID: 29622558 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Who's Contributing Most to American Neuroscience Journals: American or Foreign Authors?

Related Articles

Who's Contributing Most to American Neuroscience Journals: American or Foreign Authors?

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2018 Apr 05;:

Authors: Charkhchi P, Mirbolouk M, Jalilian R, Yousem DM

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: With globalization, the contributions of authors from abroad to the American published literature has increased. We sought to determine the changes with time in the proportional contributions of American and non-American authors in the American neurosciences literature. We hypothesized the following: 1) During the past 21 years, manuscript contributions of American institutions have proportionally decreased in neuroradiology, more than in neurosurgery or neurology; 2) contributions of Asian institutions have affected neuroradiology more than neurosurgery and neurology; and 3) American articles garner more citations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the May issues of 2 of the highest impact American-based neurology, neurosurgery, and neuroradiology journals published from 1997 to 2017. We counted the number of articles published by nation based on the institution of origin. We looked at trends across time and compared neurology, neurosurgery, and neuroradiology journals. We also gathered data on the number of citations of each article by nationality.
RESULTS: We reviewed 3025 articles. There was a significantly lower ratio of American to non-American authorship in neuroradiology versus neurology/neurosurgery journals (odds ratio = 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.60-0.82). There was a significantly decreasing trend in American authorship across the 21 years in neuroradiology. Of the countries outside the United States, Japan contributed most for neuroradiology and neurosurgery journals, and the UK, for neurology. American-authored articles were cited, on average, 1.25 times more frequently than non-American-authored articles.
CONCLUSIONS: Non-American contributions have impacted neuroradiology more than other clinical neuroscience fields with Asian authorship showing the greatest impact. That impact is growing, and the causes are manifold. Nonetheless American-authored articles are cited more.

PMID: 29622559 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Cavitary Plaques in Otospongiosis: CT Findings and Clinical Implications.

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Cavitary Plaques in Otospongiosis: CT Findings and Clinical Implications.

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2018 Apr 05;:

Authors: Puac P, Rodríguez A, Lin HC, Onofrj V, Lin FC, Hung SC, Zamora C, Castillo M

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cavitary plaques have been reported as a manifestation of otospongiosis. They have been related to third window manifestations, complications during cochlear implantation, and sensorineural hearing loss. However, their etiology and clinical implications are not entirely understood. Our purpose was to determine the prevalence, imaging findings, and clinical implications of cavitary plaques in otospongiosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified patients with otospongiosis at a tertiary care academic medical center from January 2012 to April 2017. Cross-sectional CT images and clinical records of 47 patients (89 temporal bones) were evaluated for the presence, location, and imaging features of cavitary and noncavitary otospongiotic plaques, as well as clinical symptoms and complications in those who underwent cochlear implantation.
RESULTS: Noncavitary otospongiotic plaques were present in 86 (97%) temporal bones and cavitary plaques in 30 (35%). Cavitary plaques predominated with increasing age (mean age, 59 years; P = .058), mostly involving the anteroinferior wall of the internal auditory canal (P = .003), and their presence was not associated with a higher grade of otospongiosis by imaging (P = .664) or with a specific type of hearing loss (P = .365). No patients with cavitary plaques had third window manifestations, and those with a history of cochlear implantation (n = 6) did not have complications during the procedure.
CONCLUSIONS: Cavitary plaques occurred in one-third of patients with otospongiosis. Typically, they occurred in the anteroinferior wall of the internal auditory canal. There was no correlation with the degree of otospongiosis, type of hearing loss, or surgical complications. Cavitary plaques tended to present in older patients.

PMID: 29622557 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Accuracy of CT Angiography for Differentiating Pseudo-Occlusion from True Occlusion or High-Grade Stenosis of the Extracranial ICA in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Retrospective MR CLEAN Substudy.

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Accuracy of CT Angiography for Differentiating Pseudo-Occlusion from True Occlusion or High-Grade Stenosis of the Extracranial ICA in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Retrospective MR CLEAN Substudy.

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2018 Apr 05;:

Authors: Kappelhof M, Marquering HA, Berkhemer OA, Borst J, van der Lugt A, van Zwam WH, Vos JA, Lycklama À Nijeholt G, Majoie CBLM, Emmer BJ, MR CLEAN Investigators

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The absence of opacification on CTA in the extracranial ICA in acute ischemic stroke may be caused by atherosclerotic occlusion, dissection, or pseudo-occlusion. The latter is explained by sluggish or stagnant flow in a patent artery caused by a distal intracranial occlusion. This study aimed to explore the accuracy of CTA for differentiating pseudo-occlusion from true occlusion of the extracranial ICA.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients from the Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands (MR CLEAN) with an apparent ICA occlusion on CTA and available DSA images were included. Two independent observers classified CTA images as atherosclerotic cause (occlusion/high-grade stenosis), dissection, or suspected pseudo-occlusion. Pseudo-occlusion was suspected if CTA showed a gradual contrast decline located above the level of the carotid bulb, especially in the presence of an occluded intracranial ICA bifurcation (T-occlusion). DSA images, classified into the same 3 categories, were used as the criterion standard.
RESULTS: In 108 of 476 patients (23%), CTA showed an apparent extracranial carotid occlusion. DSA was available in 46 of these, showing an atherosclerotic cause in 13 (28%), dissection in 16 (35%), and pseudo-occlusion in 17 (37%). The sensitivity for detecting pseudo-occlusion on CTA was 82% (95% CI, 57-96) for both observers; specificity was 76% (95% CI, 56-90) and 86% (95% CI, 68-96) for observers 1 and 2, respectively. The κ value for interobserver agreement was .77, indicating substantial agreement. T-occlusions were more frequent in pseudo- than true occlusions (82% versus 21%, P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS: On CTA, extracranial ICA pseudo-occlusions can be differentiated from true carotid occlusions.

PMID: 29622556 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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MRI Planimetry and Magnetic Resonance Parkinsonism Index in the Differential Diagnosis of Patients with Parkinsonism.

Related Articles

MRI Planimetry and Magnetic Resonance Parkinsonism Index in the Differential Diagnosis of Patients with Parkinsonism.

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2018 Apr 05;:

Authors: Constantinides VC, Paraskevas GP, Velonakis G, Toulas P, Stamboulis E, Kapaki E

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration from Parkinson disease on clinical grounds is often difficult. MR imaging biomarkers could assist in a more accurate diagnosis. We examined the utility of MR imaging surface measurements (MR imaging planimetry) in the differential diagnosis of patients with parkinsonism.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two patients with Parkinson-plus (progressive supranuclear palsy, n = 24; corticobasal degeneration, n = 9; multiple system atrophy, n = 19), 18 patients with Parkinson disease, and 15 healthy controls were included. Corpus callosum, midbrain, and pons surfaces; relevant indices; and the Magnetic Resonance Parkinsonism Index were calculated. Corpus callosum subsection analysis was performed, and the corpus callosum posteroanterior gradient was introduced.
RESULTS: A Magnetic Resonance Parkinsonism Index value of >12.6 discriminated progressive supranuclear palsy from other causes of parkinsonism with a 91% sensitivity and 95% specificity. No planimetry measurement could accurately discriminate those with multiple system atrophy with parkinsonism from patients with Parkinson disease. A corpus callosum posteroanterior gradient value of ≤191 was highly specific (97%) and moderately sensitive (75%) for the diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration versus all other groups. A midbrain-to-corpus callosum posteroanterior gradient ratio of ≤0.45 was highly indicative of progressive supranuclear palsy over corticobasal degeneration (sensitivity 86%, specificity 88%).
CONCLUSIONS: MR imaging planimetry measurements are potent imaging markers of progressive supranuclear palsy and promising markers of corticobasal degeneration but do not seem to assist in the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy with parkinsonism.

PMID: 29622555 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Slow Collateral Flow Is Associated with Thrombus Extension in Patients with Acute Large-Artery Occlusion.

Related Articles

Slow Collateral Flow Is Associated with Thrombus Extension in Patients with Acute Large-Artery Occlusion.

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2018 Apr 05;:

Authors: Zhang R, Zhou Y, Yan S, Zhang S, Ding X, Lou M

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It is still poorly understood about the dynamic changes of the thrombus after intravenous thrombolysis and how the remaining thrombus affects clinical outcome in human stroke. Collateral flow was assumed to help to deliver endo/exogenous tissue-type plasminogen activator to the clot. We aimed to analyze the impact of collateral flow on the dynamic changes of the thrombus in patients with acute large-artery occlusion who received intravenous thrombolysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke with M1 segment or distal internal carotid artery occlusion who underwent multimodal MR imaging or CT perfusion before and 24 hours after intravenous thrombolysis without recanalization. Patients were divided into 3 groups (thrombus extension, shortening, and no change) according to thrombus-length change between baseline and 24 hours. Collateral flow was measured with arrival time delay and the collateral scoring system. Poor outcome was defined as a 3-month modified Rankin Scale score of ≥3.
RESULTS: Among 51 patients, 18 (35.3%) had thrombus extension, 14 (27%) had thrombus shortening, and 19 (37.3%) had thrombus without change. Arrival time delay was independently associated with thrombus extension (OR = 1.499; 95% CI, 1.053-2.135; P = .025). Similarly, the collateral score on the peak artery phase was independently associated with thrombus extension (OR = 0.456; 95% CI, 0.211-0.984; P = .045), whereas baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (OR = 0.768; 95% CI, 0.614-0.961; P = .021) and baseline thrombus length (OR = 1.193; 95% CI, 1.021-1.394; P = .026) were associated with thrombus shortening. All patients with thrombus extension had poor outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: Slow collateral flow was related to thrombus extension in patients with large-artery occlusion without recanalization after intravenous thrombolysis.

PMID: 29622554 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Edge Contrast of the FLAIR Hyperintense Region Predicts Survival in Patients with High-Grade Gliomas following Treatment with Bevacizumab.

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Edge Contrast of the FLAIR Hyperintense Region Predicts Survival in Patients with High-Grade Gliomas following Treatment with Bevacizumab.

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2018 Apr 05;:

Authors: Bahrami N, Piccioni D, Karunamuni R, Chang YH, White N, Delfanti R, Seibert TM, Hattangadi-Gluth JA, Dale A, Farid N, McDonald CR

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Treatment with bevacizumab is standard of care for recurrent high-grade gliomas; however, monitoring response to treatment following bevacizumab remains a challenge. The purpose of this study was to determine whether quantifying the sharpness of the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense border using a measure derived from texture analysis-edge contrast-improves the evaluation of response to bevacizumab in patients with high-grade gliomas.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRIs were evaluated in 33 patients with high-grade gliomas before and after the initiation of bevacizumab. Volumes of interest within the FLAIR hyperintense region were segmented. Edge contrast magnitude for each VOI was extracted using gradients of the 3D FLAIR images. Cox proportional hazards models were generated to determine the relationship between edge contrast and progression-free survival/overall survival using age and the extent of surgical resection as covariates.
RESULTS: After bevacizumab, lower edge contrast of the FLAIR hyperintense region was associated with poorer progression-free survival (P = .009) and overall survival (P = .022) among patients with high-grade gliomas. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that edge contrast cutoff significantly stratified patients for both progression-free survival (log-rank χ2 = 8.3, P = .003) and overall survival (log-rank χ2 = 5.5, P = .019).
CONCLUSIONS: Texture analysis using edge contrast of the FLAIR hyperintense region may be an important predictive indicator in patients with high-grade gliomas following treatment with bevacizumab. Specifically, low FLAIR edge contrast may partially reflect areas of early tumor infiltration. This study adds to a growing body of literature proposing that quantifying features may be important for determining outcomes in patients with high-grade gliomas.

PMID: 29622553 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Clival Malformations in CHARGE Syndrome.

Related Articles

Clival Malformations in CHARGE Syndrome.

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2018 Apr 05;:

Authors: Mahdi ES, Whitehead MT

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: CHARGE syndrome is a multisystemic congenital disorder, most commonly including coloboma, heart malformations, choanal atresia, developmental delay, and genital and ear anomalies. The diagnostic criteria for CHARGE syndrome have been refined with time. However, limited reports describe skull base and craniocervical junction abnormalities. Recently, a coronal clival cleft has been identified in association with CHARGE syndrome. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of clival pathology in CHARGE syndrome.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, the CT/MR imaging data base at a single academic children's hospital was queried for the phrase "CHARGE syndrome" during a 17-year period (2001-2017). Electronic medical records were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis. Images were assessed for skull base anomalies, specifically clival hypoplasia and dysplasia.
RESULTS: The search yielded 42 examinations (21 CTs and 21 MRIs) from 15 distinct patients (mean age, 4.1 ± 5.6 years; range, 2 days to 19 years). CHARGE syndrome diagnosis was confirmed either by clinical and genetic testing (n = 6) or by clinical diagnosis only (n = 9). A coronal clival cleft was identified in 87% of patients (37 examinations, n = 13 patients), either partial (53%) or complete (33%). Clival hypoplasia without clefting was present in all 5 examinations from the remaining 2 patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Clival pathology is universal in CHARGE syndrome. Coronal clival clefts are extremely common, representing a useful additional diagnostic finding. Detection of a clival cleft should alert the radiologist to examine the palate, choana, eyes, ears, and olfactory centers for other signs of CHARGE syndrome.

PMID: 29622552 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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POSITIVE THYROTROPIN RECEPTOR ANTIBODIES IN PATIENTS WITH TRANSIENT THYROTOXICOSIS.

POSITIVE THYROTROPIN RECEPTOR ANTIBODIES IN PATIENTS WITH TRANSIENT THYROTOXICOSIS.

Endocr Pract. 2018 Apr 06;:

Authors: Angell TE, Van Benschoten O, Cohen DA, Haas AV, Alexander EK, Marqusee E

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Thyrotropin (TSH) receptor antibody (TRAb) testing is considered accurate for the diagnosis of Graves' disease (GD), and had been identified rarely in thyrotoxic patients without GD. We describe four patients with transient thyrotoxicosis and positive TRAb to highlight this clinical possibility.
METHODS: Patient demographics, symptoms, laboratory findings, and time to resolution of thyrotoxicosis are summarized. TRAb testing was performed by either a third-generation thyrotropin binding inhibitory immunoglobulin competitive binding assay (TBII) or a thyroid stimulating antibody bioassay (TSI) from either Mayo Clinic Laboratory or Quest Diagnostics.
RESULTS: Four patients with transient thyrotoxicosis and positive TRAb testing were identified. Of these, three were female and median age was 44 years (range 25-49). Median symptom duration at evaluation was 6.5 weeks (range 3-12). No patient had any clinical manifestations unique to GD or had exposure to biotin, thyroid hormone, supplements, iodine, or relevant medications. The TSH was <0.1 mIU/L in all patients. Three patients had a positive TSI, which was elevated less than twice the upper limit of the reference range in all cases, and one patient had a strongly positive TBII. None of the patients were treated with thionamides or RAI. Spontaneous resolution occurred in all patients at a median of 5.5 weeks (range 2-14.4).
CONCLUSION: These cases demonstrate that TSI or TBII may be present in thyrotoxic patients with transient thyrotoxicosis. For clinically stable patients presenting without pathognomonic evidence of GD, mildly elevated TRAb results may require cautious interpretation and alterative diagnostic testing or close monitoring should be considered.
ABBREVIATIONS: ATA = American Thyroid Association; GD = Graves' disease; FT4 = free thyroxine; RAI = Radioactive iodine; RAIU = radioactive iodine uptake; TFT = thyroid function tests; TPO = thyroperoxidase; TRAb = Thyrotropin receptor antibody; TSH = Thyroid stimulating hormone or thyrotropin; TSHR = thyrotropin receptor; TT3 = Total triiodothyronine; TT4 = Total thyroxine; TSI = Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins; TBII = thyrotropin binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (also known as TBI).

PMID: 29624097 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Case report: Whole exome sequencing of circulating cell-free tumor DNA in a follicular thyroid carcinoma patient with lung and bone metastases.

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Case report: Whole exome sequencing of circulating cell-free tumor DNA in a follicular thyroid carcinoma patient with lung and bone metastases.

J Circ Biomark. 2018 Jan-Dec;7:1849454418763725

Authors: Song J, Yang Z

Abstract
Metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), unresectable or resistance to radioactive iodine, is associated with poor survival. It is believed that this kind of FTC is driven by mutated genes. However, what kind of changes of genome and underlying mechanisms are elusive. The aim of this article is to understand whether there are somatic mutations in circulating cell-free tumor DNA (cfDNA) in a FTC patient with lung and bone metastases. A 55-year-old woman was diagnosed with FTC with bone and lung metastases. Appropriate amounts of DNA were extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded thyroid tumor, peripheral cell-free plasma, and peripheral blood leukocytes and then sequenced. The significance of DNA sequencing was evaluated. There were 13,519 common variants in both tissue DNA and cfDNA. Fifty-five somatic mutations were identified in tumor, with 5 of them nonsynonymous. Seventy-two somatic mutations were found in cfDNA, with 2 of them causing amino acid change. Sixteen common alterations existed in both samples, that is, 31.3% of all the tissue somatic mutations. This pilot study provided proof that cfDNA represents the genomic characteristics of FTC primary tissue DNA well, but also metastatic tumors. Further studies are needed to better prove the effectiveness of cfDNA in the field of thyroid cancer metastatic mechanism research and real-time monitoring.

PMID: 29623111 [PubMed]

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Morphological and morphometric evaluation of intertendinous connections among extensor tendons in fetal hands.

Related Articles

Morphological and morphometric evaluation of intertendinous connections among extensor tendons in fetal hands.

Surg Radiol Anat. 2018 Apr 05;:

Authors: Kalkışım ŞN, Çan MA, Uzun Ö, Öksüz CE

Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine morphometry and morphology of intertendinous connection on fetal cadavers and perform an evidence on tendon relationships.
METHODS: Thirty dorsal fetal cadaveric hands were dissected. Morphometric measurements (length, width, beginning-ending angles and areas) of intertendinous connections were performed. The intertendinous connections were typed morphologically according to their shape and direction. Measurement values were obtained for the second, third and fourth intermetacarpal spaces. The measurement results were compared between right-left hand and male-female fetuses.
RESULTS: No intertendinous connections were present in the first intermetacarpal space in any dissected hands. Statistical differences were observed between the sides in terms of width, and beginning and end angles.
CONCLUSION: Anatomical results of this study would be helpful in identifying intertendinous connection types, dimensions and their relationships to the extensor tendons, and would assist surgeons when choosing intertendinous connection as an additional structural resource for tendon repair especially pediatric cases.

PMID: 29623399 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Mid-Cavity Variant Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy – MRI Findings

Publication date: Available online 6 April 2018
Source:Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology
Author(s): Crishan Haran, Rhiannon McBean, Alexander Incani, Rohan Tollenaere, Katrina Newbigin




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How to diagnose enchondroma, bone infarct and chondrosarcoma

Publication date: Available online 6 April 2018
Source:Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology
Author(s): Michael E. Mulligan
Enchondromas are among the most common benign tumors seen in the skeleton. They are encountered frequently in routine clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to help radiologists confidently diagnose enchondroma and distinguish it from other entities, such as bone infarct, bone graft and low grade chondrosarcoma.



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Radiology “Hits Refresh” with Artificial Intelligence

Publication date: Available online 6 April 2018
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Srini Tridandapani




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Musculoskeletal Radiology Fellowship Application and Selection Process

Publication date: Available online 6 April 2018
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Jennifer L. Demertzis, Jonathan C. Baker, Michael V. Friedman, Charles S. Resnik, Theodore T. Miller, David A. Rubin
Rational and ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess resident, fellow, and fellowship director perceptions of the musculoskeletal (MSK) radiology fellowship application process.Materials and MethodsA task group constructed three surveys with questions about current and "ideal" fellowship application and selection processes. Surveys were distributed to MSK fellowship directors, who were also asked to give separate surveys to current fellows. US and Canadian radiology residency directors were asked to distribute surveys to current R3 and R4 residents. Responses were tabulated and analyzed.ResultsResponses were received from 47 MSK fellowship directors, 73 MSK fellows, and 147 residents. Fellowship directors and fellows reported that most fellowship offers occur between July and September of the R3 year, although 19% of directors made offers as early as the R2 year. Of the 43 director respondents, 31 (72%) noted "pressure from other programs" as the main driving force behind their policies, but 28 (65%) felt that their timelines were "too early." A formal match was supported by 55% of responding fellowship directors, 57% of fellows, and 61.9% of residents, citing "fairness" as a major justification.ConclusionsMSK radiology fellowship selection occurs as early as the R2 year, before many residents have had substantial exposure to different subspecialties. An "arms race" has developed with programs moving their timelines earlier in response to the actions of other programs, presumably to avoid missing the best candidates. Although a majority of respondents would support a formalized match to increase fairness, there is not universal agreement that it would be the best approach.



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