2016-11-13T23-38-57Z
Source: International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health
Rakhi Jain, Puneet Anand.
Background: Adolescent period is characterized by physical, psychological and behavioural changes and girls can show different reactions to these changes. Proper information can help them in handling these changes without any stress. Tribal females are a vulnerable population and lack health care facilities. Limited data is available on awareness of pubertal changes and reproductive health among tribal adolescent girls. Aims of the study were to study and compare the level of awareness about pubertal changes and reproductive health between tribal and urban adolescent girls. Methods: The study population consisted of 200 adolescent girls between 10-19 years age 100 each, from urban and tribal setting. A predesigned questionnaire, which consisted of questions designed to evaluate the awareness about pubertal changes and reproductive health was used for data collection. Data was analysed using SPSS software, student t test, Chi- square test and co-relation test. Results: Mean age of the study population was 13.76±1.2 years. Mean awareness of urban adolescent girls about pubertal changes and reproductive health was significantly greater than tribal adolescent girls. Awareness was more in older age and more literate adolescent girls. Conclusions: Information, education and communication (IEC) campaigns have to be strengthened to increase awareness on menstrual hygiene practices and sexually transmitted diseases among tribal adolescent girls as these are a vulnerable group.
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Κυριακή 13 Νοεμβρίου 2016
Awareness of pubertal changes and reproductive health in adolescent girls: a comparative study
A Previously Undescribed Presentation of Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma
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Reassessing the Role of the Active TGF-β1 as a Biomarker in Systemic Sclerosis: Association of Serum Levels with Clinical Manifestations
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Facile Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxic Activity of Europium-Doped Nanohydroxyapatite
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The Role of the Cognitive Control System in Recovery from Bilingual Aphasia: A Multiple Single-Case fMRI Study
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Piloting Psychology Annual Reviews as a Method of Measuring Psychological Distress and Quality of Life in Paediatric Renal Transplant Patients
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Comparison of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Drinking Well Water and Pit Latrine Wastewater in a Rural Area of China
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Optical Simulation and Experimental Verification of a Fresnel Solar Concentrator with a New Hybrid Second Optical Element
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Assessment of Natural Radioactivity Levels and Radiation Hazards in Agricultural and Virgin Soil in the State of Kedah, North of Malaysia
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Healthcare Providers’ Knowledge and Current Practice of Pain Assessment and Management: How Much Progress Have We Made?
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Elevated Plasma Endothelin-1 Levels in Normal Tension Glaucoma and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Meta-Analysis
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Ecomorphology
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High iron levels are associated with risk of gestational diabetes, study finds
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Healthy lifestyle halves heart risk in people at high genetic risk, study finds
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Role of staging laparoscopy to evaluate feasibility of performing optimal cytoreductive surgery in epithelial ovarian cancers
2016-11-13T23-03-50Z
Source: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Sathyanarayanan M. Shivkumaran, Ganesh S. Mandakulutur, Keerthi R. Banavara.
Background: The main stay of treatment for epithelial ovarian cancers is surgical cytoreduction. CT scan and staging laparotomy are methods used to assess feasibility to carry out optimal cytoreduction. We evaluated the role of staging laparoscopy in assessing operability for optimal cytoreduction as well as avoidance of unnecessary laparotomies. Methods: Between September 2014-2016, 23 patients of epithelial ovarian cancer underwent staging laparoscopy as part of evaluation method to check feasibility to carry out optimal cytoreductive surgery. The findings were correlated with clinical findings as well as CT scan findings. The impact of laparoscopy to predict operability was studied as well as its use to avoid unnecessary laparotomies. Results: Laparoscopy could correctly evaluate the nature of abdominal mass in 91.3% patients. It picked up omental and peritoneal deposits in 87% and 95.7% patients respectively as compared to 60.9% and 39% picked up on CT scan. More importantly laparoscopy could diagnose mesenteric and small bowel deposits in 34.8% of patients which were never reported on CT scan. The overall impact was reduction in unnecessary laparotomies. Conclusions: Laparoscopic evaluation is a useful adjunct prior to performing a formal laparotomy in epithelial ovarian cancer cytoreductive surgery.
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Effects of Carbopol® 934 proportion on nanoemulsion gel for topical and transdermal drug delivery: a skin permeation study
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Sulfonate-modified phenylboronic acid-rich nanoparticles as a novel mucoadhesive drug delivery system for vaginal administration of protein therapeutics: improved stability, mucin-dependent release and effective intravaginal placement
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Osteopontin inhibition of miR-129-3p enhances IL-17 expression and monocyte migration in rheumatoid arthritis
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects
Author(s): Chun-Hao Tsai, Shan-Chi Liu, Yu-Han Wang, Chen-Ming Su, Chien-Chung Huang, Chin-Jung Hsu, Chih-Hsin Tang
BackgroundOsteopontin (OPN) is an important proinflammatory cytokine in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Levels of OPN have been shown to be significantly correlated with interleukin-17 (IL-17) production and expression of Th17 cells in the synovial fluid of RA patients. Here, we investigated the role of OPN in monocyte migration, IL-17 production and osteoblasts.MethodsOPN and IL-17 expression profiles in osteoarthritis (OA) and RA synovial fluid were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of the microRNA, miR-129-3p, in osteoblasts was analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Immunoreactive proteins were spotted by Western blotting. We used the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model to investigate the role of OPN in monocyte migration during RA.ResultsOPN and IL-17 expression were higher in RA synovial fluid as compared to OA samples. We also found that OPN promotes IL-17 expression in osteoblasts and thereby enhances monocyte migration via the Syk/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. miR-129-3p expression was found to be negatively regulated by OPN via the Syk/PI3K/Akt signal cascade. In contrast, lentiviral vectors expressing short hairpin RNA inhibited OPN expression and ameliorated articular swelling, cartilage erosion and monocyte infiltration in the ankle joints of CIA mice.ConclusionTo our knowledge, our study is the first to describe how OPN promotes monocyte migration by upregulating IL-17 expression in osteoblasts in RA disease.SignificanceThese findings indicate that OPN could serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of RA.
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Interdomain electron transfer in cellobiose dehydrogenase is governed by surface electrostatics
Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects
Author(s): Alan Kadek, Daniel Kavan, Julien Marcoux, Johann Stojko, Alfons K.G. Felice, Sarah Cianférani, Roland Ludwig, Petr Halada, Petr Man
BackgroundCellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a fungal extracellular oxidoreductase which fuels lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase with electrons during cellulose degradation. Interdomain electron transfer between the flavin and cytochrome domain in CDH, preceding the electron flow to lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase, is known to be pH dependent, but the exact mechanism of this regulation has not been experimentally proven so far.MethodsTo investigate the structural aspects underlying the domain interaction in CDH, hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX-MS) with improved proteolytic setup (combination of nepethesin-1 with rhizopuspepsin), native mass spectrometry with ion mobility and electrostatics calculations were used.ResultsHDX-MS revealed pH-dependent changes in solvent accessibility and hydrogen bonding at the interdomain interface. Electrostatics calculations identified these differences to result from charge neutralization by protonation and together with ion mobility pointed at higher electrostatic repulsion between CDH domains at neutral pH. In addition, we uncovered extensive O-glycosylation in the linker region and identified the long-unknown exact cleavage point in papain-mediated domain separation.ConclusionsTransition of CDH between its inactive (open) and interdomain electron transfer-capable (closed) state is shown to be governed by changes in the protein surface electrostatics at the domain interface. Our study confirms that the interdomain electrostatic repulsion is the key factor modulating the functioning of CDH.General significanceThe results presented in this paper provide experimental evidence for the role of charge repulsion in the interdomain electron transfer in cellobiose dehydrogenases, which is relevant for exploiting their biotechnological potential in biosensors and biofuel cells.
Graphical abstract
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Murmur
Murmur: A sound due to vibrations from the flow of blood through the heart or great vessels. A murmur may be innocent and be of no significance. Or it may be pathologic and reflect disease. A murmur is usually heard with a stethoscope.
MedTerms (TM) is the Medical Dictionary of MedicineNet.com.
We Bring Doctors' Knowledge To You
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Viruses, Vol. 8, Pages 305: KSHV Entry and Trafficking in Target Cells—Hijacking of Cell Signal Pathways, Actin and Membrane Dynamics
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Catalytic Photodegradation of Pharmaceuticals - Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Photocatalysis
DOI: 10.1039/C6PP00164E, Paper
Photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals (hydrocortisone, estradiol, verapamil) and personal care products additives (parabens-methyl, ethyl, and propyl derivatives) was investigated in the homogeneous phase (with ferric ions as the catalyst) and...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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STAGING OF THIRD MOLAR DEVELOPMENT IN RELATION TO CHRONOLOGICAL AGE OF 5-16 YEAR OLD INDIAN CHILDREN
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STAGING OF THIRD MOLAR DEVELOPMENT IN RELATION TO CHRONOLOGICAL AGE OF 5-16 YEAR OLD INDIAN CHILDREN
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The new issue is now available.Chikyukagaku
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The new issue is now available.Journal of Osaka Dental University
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The new issue is now available.THE SHINSHU MEDICAL JOURNAL
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The new issue is now available.The Journal of the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology
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Regulation and Function of Lentiviral Vector-Mediated TCIRG1 Expression in Osteoclasts from Patients with Infantile Malignant Osteopetrosis: Implications for Gene Therapy
Abstract
Infantile malignant osteopetrosis (IMO) is a rare, recessive disorder characterized by increased bone mass caused by dysfunctional osteoclasts. The disease is most often caused by mutations in the TCIRG1 gene encoding a subunit of the V-ATPase involved in the osteoclasts capacity to resorb bone. We previously showed that osteoclast function can be restored by lentiviral vector-mediated expression of TCIRG1, but the exact threshold for restoration of resorption as well as the cellular response to vector-mediated TCIRG1 expression is unknown. Here we show that expression of TCIRG1 protein from a bicistronic TCIRG1/GFP lentiviral vector was only observed in mature osteoclasts, and not in their precursors or macrophages, in contrast to GFP expression, which was observed under all conditions. Thus, vector-mediated TCIRG1 expression appears to be post-transcriptionally regulated, preventing overexpression and/or ectopic expression and ensuring protein expression similar to that of wild-type osteoclasts. Codon optimization of TCIRG1 led to increased expression of mRNA but lower levels of protein and functional rescue. When assessing the functional rescue threshold in vitro, addition of 30 % CB CD34+ cells to IMO CD34+ patient cells was sufficient to completely normalize resorptive function after osteoclast differentiation. From both an efficacy and a safety perspective, these findings will clearly be of benefit during further development of gene therapy for osteopetrosis.
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Laser-Sintered Constructs with Bio-inspired Porosity and Surface Micro/Nano-Roughness Enhance Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation and Matrix Mineralization In Vitro
Abstract
Direct metal laser sintering can produce porous Ti–6Al–4V orthopedic and dental implants. The process requires reduced resources and time and can provide greater structural control than machine manufacturing. Implants in bone are colonized by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can differentiate into osteoblasts and contribute to osseointegration. This study examined osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization of human MSCs cultured on laser-sintered Ti–6Al–4V constructs with varying porosity and at different time scales. 2D solid disks and low, medium and high porosity (LP, MP, and HP) 3D constructs based on a human trabecular bone template were laser sintered from Ti–6Al–4V powder and further processed to have micro- and nanoscale roughness. hMSCs exhibited greater osteoblastic differentiation and local factor production on all 3D porous constructs compared to 2D surfaces, which was sustained for 9 days without use of exogenous factors. hMSCs cultured for 8 weeks on MP constructs in osteogenic medium (OM), OM supplemented with BMP2 or collagen-coated MP constructs in OM exhibited bone-like extracellular matrix mineralization. Use of bio-inspired porosity for the 3D architecture of additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs beyond surface roughness alone. This study suggests that a 3D architecture may enhance the osseointegration of orthopedic and dental implants in vivo.
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Associations Between Fat Mass, Lean Mass, and Knee Osteoarthritis: The Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V)
Abstract
As little is known about the associations between body composition (fat mass and lean mass) and knee OA, especially regarding body parts (upper body and lower limbs), the purpose of this study was to identify the association between the former and the prevalence of the latter according to body parts. This study was designed as a cross-sectional analysis, with 4194 people (1801 men and 2393 women) from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V, 2010–2011) included. Body composition (fat mass and lean mass) was measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and knee OA was diagnosed based on the level of Kellgren–Lawrence grade. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, upper body composition was not significantly correlated with radiographic knee OA (P > 0.05), while participants with higher lean mass of lower limbs were less likely to have radiographic knee OA (aOR 0.57; 95 % CI 0.32–0.99). In stratified analysis, participants with higher lean mass of lower limbs were less likely to have a radiographic knee OA in 40–54 kg (P for trend = 0.05) and 55–70 kg stratum (P for trend = 0.03), while this trend slightly attenuated in 70–85 kg stratum (P for trend = 0.15). In conclusion, the increase in lean mass of lower limbs is inversely related to the prevalence of knee OA while upper body composition is not. This study suggests that the lean mass of lower limbs might be associated with reduction in the risk of knee OA.
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The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and TNF Superfamily Members in Bone Damage in Patients with End-Stage Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Prior to Lung Transplantation
Abstract
A disequilibrium of tumor necrosis superfamily (TNF) members, including the serum osteoprotegerin, soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, soluble TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and TNF-α, was associated with the occurrence of a reduced skeletal mass and osteoporosis in male patients with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between serum biomarkers of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily and body and bone compositions in end-stage COPD males. Pulmonary function, T-score at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, lean mass, serum osteoprotegerin (OPG), soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (sRANKL), TNF-α and its receptors (sTNFR-I, sTNFR-II) and soluble TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL) levels were evaluated in 48 male patients with end-stage COPD and 36 healthy male volunteers. OPG was lower in male COPD patients than in control subjects, whereas sRANKL, TNF-α and its receptors were higher. The serum sTRAIL level showed a tendency to increase compared with that of healthy subjects (P = 0.062). Serum OPG showed a positive correlation with bone density. In contrast, serum TNF-α, sRANKL and sTRAIL were inversely associated with pretransplant bone density. We have noted the appearance of statistically significant inverse relationships between lean mass values and TNF-α, sTNFR-I and II and sRANKL levels in male COPD patients. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between sTRAIL levels with airway obstruction (P = 0.005) and hypercapnia (P = 0.042) in advanced COPD patients. Through a multiple linear regression analysis, our study revealed that a disequilibrium of TNF family members was strongly associated with the occurrence of a reduced skeletal mass and osteoporosis. These results provide further evidence that abnormal levels of TNF superfamily molecules may cause not only a decrease in BMD, but also lower muscle mass in end-stage COPD.
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Bone Mass Distribution of the Distal Tibia in Normal, Osteopenic, and Osteoporotic Conditions: An Ex Vivo Assessment Using HR-pQCT, DXA, and Computational Modelling
Abstract
Osteoporosis leads to bone loss and structural deterioration, which increase the risk of fractures. The aim of this study was to characterize the three-dimensional (3D) bone mass distributions of the distal tibia in normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic conditions. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) of the 33 % of the distal tibia and local dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were applied to 53 intact, fresh-frozen tibiae. The HR-pQCTs were graded to assign local T-scores and merged into three equally sized average normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic surface models. Volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) was determined using categorized T-scores, volumetric visualization, and virtual bore probes at the dia-, meta-, and epiphyseal sites (T-DIA, T-META, and T-EPI). We observed a distinct 3D bone mass distribution that was gradually uninfluenced by T-score categories. T-DIA was characterized by the lowest bone mass located in the medullary cavity and a wide homogenous cortex containing the maximum vBMD. The T-META showed decreased cortical thickness and maximal vBMD. At the T-EPI, the relatively low vBMD of the mostly trabecular bone was similar to the maximal cortical vBMD in this sub-region. Four trabecular regions of low bone mass were identified in the recesses. The bone content gradually decreased at all sites, whereas the pattern of bone mass distribution remained essentially unchanged, with the exception of disproportionate losses at T-DIA, T-META, and T-EPI that consistently showed increased endocortical, intracortical, and trabecular bone loss. Extra information can be obtained from the specific pattern of bone mass distribution, potential disproportionate bone losses, and method used.
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Bone Metabolism and the c.-223C > T Polymorphism in the 5′UTR Region of the Osteoprotegerin Gene in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Abstract
Osteoporosis is more frequent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. A reduction in bone mineral mass in these individuals is caused not only by inflammatory processes in the bowel, because osteoporosis occurs already in very young IBD patients and in newly diagnosed individuals who have not yet undergone any pharmacological treatment. One of individual determinants of the bone turnover parameters is osteoprotegerin (OPG) encoded by the TNFRSF11B gene. The c.-223C > T polymorphism in this gene has been extensively studied in post-menopausal osteoporosis patients. However, no such studies exist for osteoporosis related to IBD. The aim of our study was to determine whether the c.-223C > T (rs2073617) polymorphism in the 5′UTR region of the gene encoding osteoprotegerin is a functional polymorphism which may change the gene expression and resulting OPG levels, and so be associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis, and impaired bone metabolism in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients. Our study included 198 IBD patients and 41 healthy controls. Lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density, T-score, Z-score as well as OPG, RANKL, vitamin D, calcium and interleukin 4 and 10 concentrations were determined for all study subjects. Genotyping of the TNFRSF11B polymorphic site was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Statistical analyses were conducted using Statistica software. Odds ratios, 95 % confidence intervals, and P values were calculated using the HWE calculator. Our results did not allow determining an unequivocal association between the polymorphic variants of the TNFRSF11B 5′UTR region and a susceptibility to osteoporosis in IBD patients. We have shown, however, that the c.-223T allele was twice as more frequent in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients than among controls (OR = 1.99, P value = 0.009). Interestingly, average osteoprotegerin levels in CD patients did not significantly differ from those in controls, whereas in ulcerative colitis patients, OPG levels were significantly lower. We have concluded that low OPG levels may be associated with osteoporosis in ulcerative colitis, but it is not correlated with the c.-223C > T polymorphism in the TNFRSF11B gene. In CD patients, in turn, we observed increased RANKL levels. Our observations confirm different pathogeneses of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis as well as different molecular backgrounds of osteoporosis associated with these two diseases.
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Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition are Associated with Circulating Angiogenic Factors in Post-menopausal Women
Abstract
Lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) are closely related to bone mass (BM) in post-menopausal women, although their relative importance is unclear. Angiogenic factors which control angiogenesis may influence BM, LM and FM. The aim of the study was to compare the contribution of LM and FM to bone mineral density (BMD) and the association between these tissues and circulating angiogenic factors. The study population comprised of 392 post-menopausal women aged mean [SD] 61.8 [6.4] years. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine (LS), neck of femur and total hip (TH) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). DXA scan was also used to determine LM and FM. Angiopoietin-1 and 2 (ANG-1, ANG-2) were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Following adjustment for confounders, significant positive independent associations were seen between LM with BMD at all skeletal sites (TH: p < 0.0001) and FM with BMD at the hip sites (TH: p = 0.004). When BMD and LM were regressed against the angiogenic factors, positive associations were seen between ANG-2 with LM (p = 0.002) and LS BMD (p = 0.05). Negative associations were observed between the ratio of ANG-1/ANG-2 with LS BMD (p = 0.014), TH BMD (p = 0.049) and LM (p = 0.029). FM and fat distribution (android/gynoid fat ratio) were negatively associated with ANG-1 (p = 0.006) and ANG-2 (p = 0.004), respectively. ANG-1 and ANG-2 may be involved in the maintenance of bone, muscle and fat mass.
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Osthole Promotes Endochondral Ossification and Accelerates Fracture Healing in Mice
Abstract
Osthole has been found to restore bone mass in preclinical osteoporotic models. In the present study, we investigated the effects of osthole on bone fracture repair in mice. Adult C57BL/6 mice were subjected to transverse femoral fractures and administrated orally with 20 mg/kg osthole and vehicle solvent daily from week 1 post-operation. Fracture callus were analyzed by plain radiography, micro-computed tomography, histology, molecular imaging and immunohistochemistry and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Results demonstrated that osthole treatment enhanced removal of cartilage and bony union during reparative stage without significant interfering on remodeling process. In vivo molecular imaging showed bone formation rate of the treatment group was almost twofold of control group at week 2 post-operation. Osthole augmented the expression of alkaline phosphatase and collagen type X in hypertrophic chondrocytes as well as expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase in osteoblastic cells, indicating it promoted mineralization of hypertrophic cartilage and woven bone growth simultaneously during endochondral healing. In summary, osthole promotes endochondral ossification via upregulation of maturation osteogenic marker genes in chondrocytes and subsequently accelerates fracture repair and bony fusion.
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Diets High in Fat or Fructose Differentially Modulate Bone Health and Lipid Metabolism
Abstract
Diets high in fat or carbohydrates can lead to obesity and diabetes, two interrelated conditions that have been associated with osteoporosis. Here, we contrasted the effects of a high fat (HF) versus fructose-enriched carbohydrate (CH) versus regular chow (SC) diet on bone morphology, fat content and metabolic balance in BALB/cByJ mice over a 15-week period. For 13 weeks, there were no differences in body mass between groups with small differences in the last 2 weeks. Even without the potentially confounding factor of altered body mass and levels of load bearing, HF consumption was detrimental to bone in the distal femur with lower trabecular bone volume fraction and thinner cortices than controls. These differences in bone were accompanied by twofold greater abdominal fat content and fourfold greater plasma leptin concentrations. High-fat feeding caused a decrease in de-novo lipid synthesis in the liver, kidney, white adipose and brown adipose tissue. In contrast to HF, the fructose diet did not significantly impact bone quantity or architecture. Fructose consumption also did not significantly alter leptin levels or de-novo lipid synthesis but reduced epididymal adipose tissue and increased brown adipose tissue. Cortical stiffness was lower in the CH than in HF mice. There were no differences in glucose or insulin levels between groups. Together, a diet high in fat had a negative influence on bone structure, adipose tissue deposition and lipid synthesis, changes that were largely avoided with a fructose-enriched diet.
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Bazedoxifene Ameliorates Homocysteine-Induced Apoptosis and Accumulation of Advanced Glycation End Products by Reducing Oxidative Stress in MC3T3-E1 Cells
Abstract
Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level increases the risk of osteoporotic fracture by deteriorating bone quality. However, little is known about the effects of Hcy on osteoblast and collagen cross-links. This study aimed to investigate whether Hcy induces apoptosis of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells as well as affects enzymatic and nonenzymatic collagen cross-links and to determine the effects of bazedoxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, on the Hcy-induced apoptosis and deterioration of collagen cross-links in the cells. Hcy treatments (300 μM, 3 mM, and 10 mM) increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in a dose-dependent manner. Propidium iodide staining showed that 3 and 10 mM Hcy induced apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, the activities of caspases-8, 9, and 3 were increased by 3 mM Hcy. The detrimental effects of 3 mM Hcy on apoptosis and ROS production were partly reversed by bazedoxifene and 17β estradiol. In addition, real-time PCR, immunostaining and Western blot showed that 300 μM Hcy decreased the expression of lysyl oxidase (Lox). Furthermore, 300 μM Hcy increased extracellular accumulation of pentosidine, an advanced glycation end product. Treatment with bazedoxifene ameliorated Hcy-induced suppression of Lox expression and increase in pentosidine accumulation. These findings suggest that high-dose Hcy induces apoptosis of osteoblasts by increasing oxidative stress, and low-dose Hcy decreases enzymatic collagen cross-links and increases pentosidine accumulation, resulting in the deterioration of bone quality. Bazedoxifene treatment effectively prevents the Hcy-induced detrimental reactions of osteoblasts. Thus, bazedoxifene may be a potent therapeutic drug for preventing Hcy-induced bone fragility.
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Bone-Derived Factors: A New Gateway to Regulate Glycemia
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis are two major disorders which prevalence increases with aging and is predicted to worsen in the coming years. Preclinical investigations suggest common mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of both disorders. Recent evidence has established that there is a clear link between glucose and bone metabolism. The emergence of bone as an endocrine regulator through FGF23 and osteocalcin has led to the re-evaluation of the role of bone cells and bone-derived factors in the development of metabolic diseases such as T2DM. The development of bone morphogenetic proteins, fibroblast growth factor 23, and osteoprotegerin-deficient mice has allowed to elucidate their role in bone homeostasis, as well as revealed their potential important function in glucose homeostasis. This review proposes emerging perspectives for several bone-derived factors that may regulate glycemia through the activation or inhibition of bone remodeling or directly by regulating function of key organs such as pancreatic beta cell proliferation, insulin expression and secretion, storage and release of glucose from the liver, skeletal muscle contraction, and browning of the adipose tissue. Connections between organs including bone-derived factors should further be explored to understand the pathophysiology of glucose metabolism and diabetes.
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Erratum to: Reference Values of Total Lean Mass, Appendicular Lean Mass, and Fat Mass Measured with Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry in a Healthy Mexican Population
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Molecular Communication from Skeletal Muscle to Bone: A Review for Muscle-Derived Myokines Regulating Bone Metabolism
Abstract
Besides the mechanical loading-dependent paradigm, skeletal muscle also serves as an endocrine organ capable of secreting cytokines to modulate bone metabolism. In this review, we focused on reviewing the myokines involved in communication from skeletal muscle to bone, i.e. (1) myostatin and myostatin-binding proteins including follistatin and decorin, (2) interleukins including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-7 (IL-7) and interleukin-15 (IL-15), (3) insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and its binding proteins, (4) other myokines including PGC-1α-irisin system and osteoglycin (OGN). To better understand the molecular communication from skeletal muscle to bone, we have summarized the recent advances in muscle-derived cytokines regulating bone metabolism in this review.
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Novel Faces of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23): Iron Deficiency, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, Proteinuria and Acute Kidney Injury
Abstract
FGF23 is a hormone that appears as the core regulator of phosphate metabolism. Great deal of data has accumulated to demonstrate increased FGF23 secretion from the bone to compensate for even subtle increases in serum phosphorus long before intact PTH. However, recent evidence points to the fact that actions and interactions of FGF23 are not limited solely to phosphate metabolism. FGF23 may be implicated in iron metabolism and erythropoiesis, inflammation, insulin resistance, proteinuria, acute kidney injury and left ventricular hypertrophy. In this review, we will summarize latest experimental and clinical data examining impact of FGF23 on aforementioned pathophysiologic pathways/disorders.
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Letter to the Editor
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Diabetes Drug Effects on the Skeleton
Abstract
Diabetes be it type 1 or type 2 is associated with an increased risk of fragility fractures. The mechanisms underlying this increased risk are just being elucidated. Anti-diabetes medications are crucial for maintaining glucose control and for preventing micro- and macrovascular complications in diabetes. However, they may modulate fracture risk in diabetes in different ways. Thiazolidinediones have demonstrated an unfavorable effect on the skeleton, while metformin and sulfonylureas may have a neutral if not beneficial effect on bone. The use of insulin has been associated with an increased risk of fragility fractures though it is not clear whether it is due to direct influence of insulin or whether it is mediated through hypoglycemia and increased falls risk. The overall effect of incretin mimetics appears to be beneficial; however, this has to be elucidated further. The bone effects of pramlintide, a synthetic analog of amylin, have not been explored fully. Finally, issues regarding bone safety of SGLT2 (sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2) inhibitors, the newest anti-diabetic medications on the market are of concern. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the effect of these medications on bone metabolism and the studies exploring the risk or lack thereof of these medications on bone loss and fragility fractures.
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Comment on “Reference Values of Total Lean Mass, Appendicular Lean Mass, and Fat Mass Measured with Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry in a Healthy Mexican Population”
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Maternal Dietary Nutrient Intake During Pregnancy and Offspring Linear Growth and Bone: The Vitamin D in Pregnancy Cohort Study
Abstract
Magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, calcium, potassium and protein all play integral roles in maintaining bone health in adults; however, less is known about the importance of these minerals in utero. We aimed to determine associations between maternal dietary consumption of these nutrients during gestation and birth measures in offspring. Of 475 pregnant women recruited from a single antenatal clinic before 16-week gestation (2002–2003) as part of the vitamin D in pregnancy study, 346 with recorded maternal dietary intakes at 28- to 32-week gestation and offspring measures at birth were included. At birth, trained personnel measured the infant’s weight, knee-heel length, crown-heel length and head circumference. At age 11, returning offspring underwent assessment of bone mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (n = 171). Crown-heel length was positively and weakly correlated with maternal intakes of all measured nutrients except calcium, fat and carbohydrate (r = 0.15–0.17; all p ≤ 0.05). The associations with protein, phosphorus and potassium were not attenuated after adjustment for maternal and offspring characteristics. No sustained associations were seen with other birth measures. Further, associations with some nutrients persisted with offspring height at age 11 years. Offspring bone area was associated with maternal diet, but no other measure of bone mass at age 11. After adjustment for height, associations were not significant. These data highlight that whilst some nutritional factors during pregnancy are associated with offspring linear growth in utero and childhood, this does not necessarily translate into an effect on offspring bone measures in childhood.
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Comparative Foraging Efficiency of Two Sympatric Jackals, Silver-Backed Jackals (Canis mesomelas) and Golden Jackals (Canis aureus), in the Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania
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SABE Colombia: Survey on Health, Well-Being, and Aging in Colombia—Study Design and Protocol
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Modelling and Experimental Study on Active Energy-Regenerative Suspension Structure with Variable Universe Fuzzy PD Control
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Transnasal, Transethmoidal Endoscopic Removal of a Foreign Body in the Medial Extraconal Orbital Space
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The Relationship between MC1R Mutation and Plumage Color Variation in Pigeons
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Prevalence and Clinical Features of Atopic Dermatitis in China
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Factors Affecting Recruitment and Attrition in Randomised Controlled Trials of Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Pregnancy-Related Issues
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Neuroinflammation Induced by Surgery Does Not Impair the Reference Memory of Young Adult Mice
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Association between Sleep Duration and Measurable Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Healthy Korean Women: The Fourth and Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES IV and V)
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Angiofibroma Originating outside the Nasopharynx: A Management Dilemma
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Intergroup Joint Scheduling for Mitigating Asymmetric Uplink Interference in Self-Organizing Virtual Cell Networks
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A New Software Reliability Growth Model: Multigeneration Faults and a Power-Law Testing-Effort Function
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Fetal Hemodynamic Parameters in Low Risk Pregnancies: Doppler Velocimetry of Uterine, Umbilical, and Middle Cerebral Artery
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Nanocomposites of Magnetite and Layered Double Hydroxide for Recyclable Chromate Removal
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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Future Cardiovascular Risk: An Update
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Comprehensive Screening of Cell Surface Markers Expressed by Adult-Derived Human Liver Stem/Progenitor Cells Harvested at Passage 5: Potential Implications for Engraftment
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Properties of Quasi-Oscillator in Position-Dependent Mass Formalism
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Teaching Life-Saving Manoeuvres in Primary School
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Bimatoprost Induced Serous Macular Detachment after Cataract Surgery
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Effect of Die Head Temperature at Compounding Stage on the Degradation of Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Plastic Film Waste Blends after Accelerated Weathering
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Antibacterial Action of Curcumin against Staphylococcus aureus: A Brief Review
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Resolvent for Non-Self-Adjoint Differential Operator with Block-Triangular Operator Potential
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HIV-1 Epidemiology, Genetic Diversity, and Primary Drug Resistance in the Tyumen Oblast, Russia
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Robust Quadratic Stabilizability and Control of Uncertain Linear Discrete-Time Stochastic Systems with State Delay
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Cardiovascular Effects of the Essential Oil of Croton argyrophylloides in Normotensive Rats: Role of the Autonomic Nervous System
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Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Nanoindentation of Cu/Au Thin Films at Different Temperatures
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Ollier’s Disease of the Iliac Bone with Sacroiliac Joint Involvement in an Adolescent Patient
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Vitamin D Effects on Osteoblastic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Dental Tissues
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Pneumomediastinum Secondary to Barotrauma after Recreational Nitrous Oxide Inhalation
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Multistage A-O Activated Sludge Process for Paraformaldehyde Wastewater Treatment and Microbial Community Structure Analysis
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Diagnosis of Peripheral Lung Lesions via Conventional Flexible Bronchoscopy with Multiplanar CT Planning
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Mitigating the Risk of Transfusion-Transmitted Dengue in Australia
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Use of maintenance endocrine therapy after chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer
Source:European Journal of Cancer
Author(s): S. Sutherland, D. Miles, A. Makris
BackgroundFor women with oestrogen receptor+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC), the options for systemic treatment include endocrine therapy (ET) and chemotherapy. For women whose disease is also HER2+, anti-HER2 therapies are also routinely used either with chemotherapy or less commonly with ET. Where chemotherapy is used as initial therapy, treatment is often discontinued due to cumulative toxicity in the absence of disease progression. In this setting, there is the option of introducing ET with the aim of prolonging response and delaying relapse.MethodsLiterature review revealed four trials addressing the question of whether there is a benefit from introducing ET following chemotherapy for MBC. We also sought evidence for alternative approaches, including concurrent chemotherapy and ET and continuing chemotherapy until disease progression.ResultsThe evidence for the use of ET after chemotherapy in MBC is limited, and the trials done were small. Furthermore, they were performed at a time when both the chemotherapy regimens and ET were different from those used currently. Despite these limitations, there is probably a modest improvement in time to progression for the sequential use of ET after chemotherapy but with no overall survival benefit. An alternative approach, particularly considering agents with relatively low toxicity, such as orally bioavailable fluoropyrimidines, is to continue chemotherapy until disease progression.ConclusionWhere chemotherapy for MBC is discontinued due to toxicity, in the absence of progression, the use of ET, with its relatively low toxicity, is a reasonable approach with the aim of delaying relapse.
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Plasmablastic lymphoma: oral presentation in patient suffering from osteradionecrosis of the jaw.
Plasmablastic lymphoma: oral presentation in patient suffering from osteradionecrosis of the jaw.
Int J Surg Case Rep. 2016 Nov 3;29:94-97
Authors: Kichenbrand C, Egloff C, Guillet J, Delaître B, Bastien C, Leroux A, Dolivet G, Phulpin B
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: We describe here an unusual presentation of a plasmablastic lymphoma in a patient suffering from an osteoradionecrosis of the jaw.
PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report the case of a 64-year-old patient who was followed up on oncology because of an oropharyngeal cancer treated by a combined procedure of both surgery and radio-chemotherapy procedure. This patient developed an osteoradionecrosis of the jaw. In the vicinity of this necrotic area appeared an ulceration which could evoke a new necrotic area. Given the persistence of this ulceration, a biopsy was performed which highlighted a plasmablastic lymphoma oral localization.
DISCUSSION: The plasmablastic lymphoma, belonging to the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma family, is a very aggressive and unusual form of cancer with poor prognosis. If it is found mainly in patients with positive HIV, in whom it was first described, it is also found in immunosuppressed patients such as transplanted patients or patients suffering from leukaemia.
CONCLUSION: Plasmablastic lymphoma is a rare and an aggressive pathology in immunocompetent patients.
PMID: 27837702 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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In vivo dosimetry in the field junction area for 3D-conformal radiation therapy in breast and head & neck cancer cases: A quality assurance study.
In vivo dosimetry in the field junction area for 3D-conformal radiation therapy in breast and head & neck cancer cases: A quality assurance study.
J BUON. 2016 Sept-Oct;21(5):1104-1112
Authors: Diamantopoulos S, Thalassinou S, Efstathopoulos E, Dilvoi M, Patatoukas G, Kouloulias V, Platoni K
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the accuracy of field junctioning planning techniques (monoisocentric and rotating couch technique) for 3D-conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT).
METHODS: In vivo dosimetry has been performed using thermo- luminescence dosimeters (TLDs) in 10 head and neck cancer patients (treated with monoisocentric technique) and 10 breast cancer patients (treated with rotating couch technique) irradiated with a 6 MV photon beam. Entrance dose measurements were performed in selected regions including the field junction area.
RESULTS: The mean deviation between measured and expected dose in the region of junction was significantly higher in breast cases compared to head and neck irradiation (-2.8±15.4% and 0.2±8.2% respectively; Mann-Whitney U test: p=0.002). A comparison between lateral head and neck fields and tangential breast fields revealed that the latter was associated with larger dose discrepancies (-2.2 ± 4.6% vs -3.5 ± 5.7% respectively; Mann-Whitney U test: p=0.029).
CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate the superiority of monoisocentric technique compared to the rotating couch technique in terms of dose delivery accuracy for treatments with field junctioning planning techniques.
PMID: 27837611 [PubMed - in process]
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