Inhibitory mechanisms shaping delay-tuned combination-sensitivity in the auditory cortex and thalamus of the mustached bat.

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Inhibitory mechanisms shaping delay-tuned combination-sensitivity in the auditory cortex and thalamus of the mustached bat. Via cortical auditory Related Articles Inhibitory mechanisms shaping delay-tuned combination-sensitivity in the auditory cortex and thalamus of the mustached bat. Hear Res. 2019 03 01;373:71-84 Authors: Butman JA, Suga N Abstract Delay-tuned auditory neurons of the mustached bat show facilitative responses to a combination of signal elements of a biosonar pulse-echo pair with a specific echo delay. The subcollicular nuclei produce latency-constant phasic on-responding neurons, and the inferior colliculus produces delay-tuned combination-sensitive neurons, designated "FM-FM" neurons. The combination-sensitivity is a facilitated response to the coincidence of the excitatory rebound following glycinergic inhibition to the pulse (1st harmonic) and the short-latency response to the echo (2nd-4th harmonics). The facilitative response of thalamic FM-FM neurons is mediated by glutamate receptors (NMDA and non-NMDA receptors). Different from collicular FM-FM neurons, thalamic ones respond more selectively to pulse-echo pairs than individual signal elements. A number of differences in response properties between collicular and thalamic or cortical FM-FM neurons have been reported. However, differences between t halamic and cortical FM-FM neurons have remained to be studied. Here, we report that GABAergic inhibition controls the duration of burst of spikes of facilitative responses of thalamic FM-FM neurons and sharpens the delay tuning of cortical ones. That is, intra-cortical inhibition sharpens the delay tuning of cortical FM-FM neurons that is potentially broad because of divergent/convergent thalamo-cortical projections. Compared with thalamic neurons, cortical ones tend to show sharper delay tuning, longer response duration, and larger facilitation index. However, those differences are statistically insignificant. PMID: 30612026 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The onset and post-onset auditory responses of cochlear nucleus neurons are modulated differently by cortical activation.

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The onset and post-onset auditory responses of cochlear nucleus neurons are modulated differently by cortical activation. Via cortical auditory Related Articles The onset and post-onset auditory responses of cochlear nucleus neurons are modulated differently by cortical activation. Hear Res. 2019 03 01;373:96-102 Authors: Liu X, Zhang O, Qi J, Chen A, Hu K, Yan J Abstract Auditory cortex exhibit a capacity of modulating the functions of subcortical auditory nuclei and even inner ear through descending pathways. The cochlear nucleus (CN), which acts as the gateway from the auditory periphery to the central auditory system, is also subjected to corticofugal modulation. Cortical modulation of subcortical nuclei is highly specific to the frequency tunings of cortical and subcortical neurons. It is unclear whether the high frequency-specificity of the cortical modulation of CN frequency tuning is implemented in the CN, in the auditory periphery, or in both. We analyzed the corticofugal effects on the frequency tuning, constructed from both onset (OS) and post-onset (pOS) response components of CN neurons in C57 mice. We found that the focal electrical stimulation of the primary auditory cortex (ESAI) induced remarkable changes in the response magnitude, response latency and the frequency response curves of CN neurons. The changes in the pOS compone nts were highly specific to the difference in BFs between the stimulated AI neurons and recorded CN neurons. The changes in the OS component mostly involved the augmentation of the auditory responses of CN neurons, while exhibiting far poorer frequency-specificity. Considering the large differences in the temporal response patterns and the tuning shapes between the auditory nerve (AN) and the CN, our data suggest that the CN intrinsic neural circuitry plays a critical role in the frequency specificity of corticofugal modulation. Cortical modulation of the inner ear mostly contributes to the augmentation of the AN inputs to the CN, around the BFs of stimulated AI neurons. PMID: 30640070 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Acute mastoiditis complicated by cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in children

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Acute mastoiditis complicated by cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in children Via International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology Publication date: Available online 17 November 2020 Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology Author(s): Eleni Vergadi, Stylianos Velegrakis, Maria Raissaki, Maria Bitsori, Alexander Karatzanis, Emmanouil Galanakis View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Is robot assisted‐ retroperitoneal adrenalectomy safe? An investigation of perioperative hypertensive crisis among hypertensive and normotensive patients

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Is robot assisted‐ retroperitoneal adrenalectomy safe? An investigation of perioperative hypertensive crisis among hypertensive and normotensive patients Via The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery Abstract Background /Objective: We examined the incidence of perioperative hypertensive crisis in robot‐assisted retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Methods A consecutive series of 120 patients with adrenal tumors undergoing robot‐assisted retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy were included. Patients were divided into two groups: group A (hypertension group, 58 cases, mean age 43.59 years) and group B (normotension group, 62 cases, mean age 48.01 years). General anesthesia was applied using endotracheal intubation and hemodynamic changes were closely monitored. Results A total of 9 (7.5%) hypertensive crisis cases were observed. After intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside, 7 cases of them were quickly controlled, and 2 cases experienced transient severe hypertension. The incidence of hypertensive crisis was 13.7% and 1.6% in groups A and B, respectively (p< 0.05). Conclusion These findings highlight the importance of strengthening the monitoring of anesthesia and taking various measures to effectively control the blood pressure in robot‐assisted retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy, especially among hypertensive patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Evaluation of a new spinal surgical robotic system of Kirschner wire placement for lumbar fusion: A multi‐center, randomized controlled clinical study

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Evaluation of a new spinal surgical robotic system of Kirschner wire placement for lumbar fusion: A multi‐center, randomized controlled clinical study Via The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery Abstract Background To introduce a novel robotic system "Orthbot" that has been developed and tested as a surgical assistant for auto‐placement of the K‐wire in lumbar fusion. Methods A This is a multi‐center, RCT randomized controlled clinical study contain that includes 56 patients (Robot Group, RG: 27, Free‐hand Group, FG: 29). Following the preoperative planning and intraoperative fluoroscopic images, the "Orthbot" automatically completed registration and K‐wire placement under the supervision of the surgeon. Deviation Distance (DD) and Deviation Angle (DA) were used as important the primary parameters to evaluate the accuracy of the robotic system. Results The average DD was 0.95±0.377 mm (RG) and 4.35±2.01 mm (FG), respectively in the RG and FG (P<0.001). The average DA of the K‐wire in the coronal plane and the sagittal plane in X‐Ray was respectively 6.80±7.79° (RG) and 1.27±2.32° (RG) in the RG (P<0.001), and 22.22±16.85°(FG) and 4.57±3.86° (FG) in the FG (P<0.001), which showed a higher accuracy of rate in the robotic‐assisted cases compared to the free‐hand cases. Conclusions The novel robotic system could achieve accurate radiological results in K‐wires insertions as indicated by the radiological results. This article is protected by copyright. All right s reserved. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Preliminary study on the relationship between pepsin and vocal fold polyp

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Preliminary study on the relationship between pepsin and vocal fold polyp Via American Journal of Otolaryngology Publication date: Available online 18 November 2020 Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology Author(s): Xiang-Ping Li, Yuan-Feng Dai, Jia-Jie Tan, Chao-Qun Deng, Xiong Liu, Ze-Hong Lv View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Basal cell carcinomas of the scalp after radiotherapy for tinea capitis in childhood: a genetic and epigenetic study with comparison with basal cell carcinomas evolving in chronically sun‐exposed areas

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Basal cell carcinomas of the scalp after radiotherapy for tinea capitis in childhood: a genetic and epigenetic study with comparison with basal cell carcinomas evolving in chronically sun‐exposed areas Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract Background Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has been mostly associated with sun‐exposure, but ionizing radiation is also a known risk factor. It is not clear if the pathogenesis of BCC, namely at a genomic and epigenetic level, differs according to the underlying triggering factors. Objective The present study aims to compare genetic and epigenetic changes in BCCs related to ionizing radiation and chronic sun‐exposure. Methods Tumour samples from BCCs of the scalp in patients submitted to radiotherapy to treat tinea capitis in childhood and BCCs from sun‐exposed areas were analysed through array comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH) and methylation‐specific multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MS‐MLPA) to detect copy number alterations and methylation status of specific genes. Results Genomic characterization of tumour samples revealed several copy number gains and losses in all chromosomes, with the most frequent gains observed at 2p, 6p, 12p, 14q, 15q, 18q, Xp and Yp, and the most frequent losses observed at 3q, 14q, 16p, 17q, 22q, Xp, Yp and Yq. We developed a statistical model, encompassing gains in 3p and 16p and losses in 14q and 20p, with potential to discriminate BCC samples with sporadic aetiology from BCC samples that evolve after radiotherapy in childhood for the treatment of tinea capitis, which presented statistical significance (p = 0.003). Few methylated genes were detected through MS‐MLPA, most frequently RARB and CD44. Conclusions Our study represents a step forward in the understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of BCC and suggests potential differences according to the underlying risk factors. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Mutations in 3β‐hydroxysteroid‐δ8, δ7‐isomerase paradoxically benefit epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis in mice

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Mutations in 3β‐hydroxysteroid‐δ8, δ7‐isomerase paradoxically benefit epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis in mice Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract Inherited or acquired blockade of distal steps in the cholesterol synthetic pathway results in ichthyosis, due to reduced cholesterol production and/or the accumulation of toxic metabolic precursors, while inhibition of epidermal cholesterol synthesis compromises epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis. We showed here that 3β‐hydroxysteroid‐δ8, δ7‐isomerase‐deficient mice (TD), an analog for CHILD syndrome in humans, exhibited not only lower basal transepidermal water loss rates, but also accelerated permeability barrier recovery despite the lower expression levels of mRNA for epidermal differentiation marker‐related proteins and lipid synthetic enzymes. Moreover, TD mice displayed low skin surface pH, paralleled by increased expression levels of mRNA for sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1), and increased antimicrobial peptide expression, compared to wild type (WT) mice, which may compensate for the decreased differentiation and lipid synthesis. Additionally, in com parison with WT controls, TD mice showed a significant reduction in ear thickness following challenges with either phorbol ester or oxazolone. However, TD mice exhibited growth retardation. Together, these results demonstrate that 3β‐hydroxysteroid‐δ8, δ7‐isomerase deficiency does not compromise epidermal permeability barrier in mice, suggesting that alterations in epidermal function depend on which step of the cholesterol synthetic pathway is interrupted. But whether these findings in mice could be mirrored in humans remains to be determined. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Topical Application with Conjugated Linoleic Acid Ameliorates 2, 4‐dinitrofluorobenzene‐Induced Atopic Dermatitis‐like Lesions in BALB/c Mice

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Topical Application with Conjugated Linoleic Acid Ameliorates 2, 4‐dinitrofluorobenzene‐Induced Atopic Dermatitis‐like Lesions in BALB/c Mice Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by skin barrier dysfunction, eczematous lesions, pruritus, and abnormal immune responses. In this study, we assessed the therapeutic effect of topical applied conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on a murine AD model that was developed by repetitive applications of 2, 4‐dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). 2% or 5% CLA could markedly ameliorate AD‐like skin lesions, scratching behavior and skin inflammation as evidenced by the reduced inflammatory blood cells, IgE and Th2‐related cytokine levels, and the infiltration of mast cells and inflammatory cells to the dermal tissues. Moreover, topical application with CLA modulated skin barrier repair including maintaining a balanced skin pH and increasing skin hydration, partially mediated by upregulating skin barrier‐related protein, filaggrin (FLG). In addition, topical CLA significantly dose‐dependently inhibited pro‐inflammatory cytokin es including interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and pro‐inflammatory enzyme expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in inflamed mice skin. Its anti‐inflammatory effect was associated with the inhibition of DNFB stimulated IκBα and NF‐κB p65 phosphorylation in mouse skin. Taken together, our results suggest that locally applied CLA exerts potentially protective effects against AD lesional skin at least in part, due to regulation of skin barrier function and inflammatory response. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Laminins and interaction partners in the architecture of the basement membrane at the dermal‐epidermal junction

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Laminins and interaction partners in the architecture of the basement membrane at the dermal‐epidermal junction Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract The basement membrane at the dermal‐epidermal junction keeps the epidermis attached to the dermis. This anatomical barrier is made up of four categories of extracellular matrix proteins: collagen IV, laminin, nidogen and perlecan. These proteins are precisely arranged in a well‐defined architecture through specific interactions between the structural domains of the individual components. Some of the molecular constituents are provided by both fibroblasts and keratinocytes, while others are synthesized exclusively by fibroblasts or keratinocytes. It remains to be determined how the components from the fibroblasts are targeted to the dermo‐epidermal junction and correctly organized and integrated with the proteins from the adjacent keratinocytes to form the basement membrane. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids for Integumentary Wound Management

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids for Integumentary Wound Management Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract The increasing legalization of Cannabis for recreational and medicinal purposes in the United States has spurred renewed interest in the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids (CBs) for human disease. The skin has its own endocannabinoid system (eCS) which is a key regulator of various homeostatic processes, including those necessary for normal physiologic wound healing. Data on the use of CBs for wound healing is scarce. Compelling pre‐clinical evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of CBs to improve wound healing by modulating key molecular pathways is herein reviewed. These findings merit further exploration in basic science, translational and clinical studies. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Superior mediastinal paraganglioma initially suspected of being a mediastinal thyroid goiter

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Superior mediastinal paraganglioma initially suspected of being a mediastinal thyroid goiter Via Auris Nasus Larynx Publication date: Available online 17 November 2020 Source: Auris Nasus Larynx Author(s): Ryosuke Takahashi, Hiroaki Kawabe, Nobuaki Koide, Akihisa Tasaki, Kazuchika Ohno, Yosuke Ariizumi, Daisuke Kobayashi, Takahiro Asakage View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.