AQUATIC THERAPY IN BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN RATS AFTER PAW DISUSE BY IMMOBILIZATION

2016-09-14T18-22-49Z
Source: International Journal of Therapies and Rehabilitation Research
Nívea Maria André Gomes, Karla Camila Lima de Souza, Michelle Rabelo, Jefferson Pacheco do Amaral Fortes, Lívia Sousa Barbosa, Raquel Magalhães Castelo Branco Craveiro, Francisco Sérgio Lopes Vasconcelos Filho, Francisco Fleury Uchoa Santos Júnior, Vânia Marilande Ceccatto.
The locomotor system immobilization although used with therapeutic purpose often leads to muscle and bone changes. The use of aquatic therapy favors the body metabolism usually used as a functional recovery mechanism. The aim of this study was to assess the aquatic therapy on bone mineral density (BD) of post-immobilization paw in rats. It was used 20 Wistar female rats (± 20 weeks) divided into: control (C), Immobilization (I), Aquatic Therapy (AT) and Immobilization/Aquatic Therapy (IAT). The detention took place for two weeks involving the trunk and the right leg. The aquatic therapy occurred for three weeks, six sections per week starting with 2 minutes with addition of two minutes per day reaching 36 minutes on the last day with the increment of a 5% load of body weight. After the period of immobilization and rehabilitation, the animals were anesthetized (Ketamine /Xylazine) and sacrificed. For statistical analysis, it was used ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni (p


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Shoulder Diagnoses Patterns in Patients Reporting Shoulder Pain

2016-09-14T18-22-49Z
Source: International Journal of Therapies and Rehabilitation Research
Bhawna Verma, Narinder Kaur Multani, Zile Singh Kundu.
There are various common diagnosis used in patients with shoulder pain. The study aims to find the prevalence of shoulder pain and find out diagnosis patterns in patients with shoulder pain. A questionnaire survey was conducted to find out the prevalence of shoulder pain. Patients who reported shoulder pain were assessed to include them in a diagnostic category. From the 1069 subjects who participated in the study 245 (22.9%) reported shoulder pain. Subacromial pain syndrome was the most common diagnosis followed by adhesive capsulitis. The patients with adhesive capsulitis had higher age as compared to patients with subacromial pain syndrome and myalgia. Adhesive capsulitis and rotator cuff tear was more commonly seen in females. Dominant arm involvement was more associated with subacromial pain syndrome and rotator cuff tear.


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Pattern of drug usage among medical students in Tumkur, Karnataka

2016-09-14T07-54-46Z
Source: National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Rajesh B, Dharani Devangi R, Waseem Anjum.
Background: Scheduled drugs are also purchased without prescriptions, which is a cause for concern. Educational status is an important determinant of self-medication. Student drug use surveys provide an essential source of information about the prevalence and frequency of drug use, associated harms, socio-demographic correlates, and identification of high-risk groups in a youth population. Self-medication is more common among medical students because of easy access to drug information and drugs. Aims and Objective: The present study was undertaken to identify the patterns of self-medication among medical students. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out among medical students studying in the Shridevi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Hospital, Tumkur, by questionnaire-based interview. Results: Among 267 students interviewed, 66.8% took self-medications, 24.6% followed the prescriptions. The number of students using self-medications was significantly higher (P

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Tutorial in medical education: A review of contextual modifications

2016-09-14T07-54-46Z
Source: National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Tripti K Srivastava, Lalitbhushan S Waghmare.
Tutorial has embodied a major teachinglearning strategy in basic science of medical education and is widely researched for its effectiveness in learning outcomes. It is a class or short series of classes in which one or more instructors provide intensive instruction on a subject to a small group. Medical students, during tutorials, are trained to develop and test their ideas, clarify concepts taught in lectures, define new problems, seek solutions, cultivate problem-solving skills, and indulge in self-learning. Literature identifies certain important issues with respect to challenges and limitations of conventional tutorial method. Constraints such as lack of structural uniformity, financial and resource limitations for teaching in small groups, and short supply of dependable peer tutors are a few recognized challenges. Available bodies of research also suggest need-based modifications to overcome the operational difficulties without compromising the integrity of tutorial. The proposed alterations can be of consequence in developing professional competencies such as interpersonal and self-directed learning skills. It is apparent that different tutorial formats may be optimal in different fields and levels of study and hence should be piloted as per the local need and relevance.


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A comparative study of gender difference in reaction time in response to exam stress among first-year medical students

2016-09-14T07-54-46Z
Source: National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Surendra S Wadikar, Parikshit A Muley, Pranjali P Muley.
Background: Different studies conducted worldwide among medical students have reported the prevalence of stress ranging from 27% to 73%. Exam stress acts as an acute stressor which affects cognitive functions. It is found that the exam stress elicits elevated activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and increased release of cortisol. Aims and Objective: The study was planned to investigate gender difference in perceptions of exam stress and reactions to it among first-year medical students. Choice reaction time (CRT) was used to evaluate the cognitive performance of students during stress-free and stress (exam) conditions. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 60 healthy first year MBBS students (30 boys and 30 girls) between the age group of 18 and 20 years. Digital reaction time was used. Randomly occurring visual and auditory CRT tasks were presented to students. First set of readings was taken during stress-free period, and the second and third sets were taken 20 min before first and second terminal practical examination, respectively. Results: The readings were analyzed by unpaired Students t-test. Results showed that visual and auditory reaction times were increased in both boys and girls with statistically significant difference between boys and girls in stress (exam) condition, but no difference during stress-free condition. Conclusion: The observation shows that girls tend to perceive more stress than boys which might affect the cognitive functions more, as slower reaction time was observed in girls than boys when they were exposed to stress.


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Study of prescribing patterns of hypolipidemic agents in a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India

2016-09-14T07-54-46Z
Source: National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Seema Gupta, Rajesh Kumar, Dharminder Kumar, Sanjeev Bhat, Dinesh Kumar, Nusrat Kareem Bhat, Surbhi Mahajan.
Background: Lipid-lowering agents are now the cornerstone of treatment used to reduce the risk of coronary events. Since there is wide variation in selection and use of these drugs, drug utilization studies help to evaluate and analyze drug therapy from time to time. This in turn can guide physicians prescribing practices and help in minimizing adverse drug reactions. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the prescribing pattern of hypolipidemic drugs in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Jammu. Materials and Methods: An observational study was carried out in patients attending the departments of cardiology and general medicine for 6 months. Prescription of the patients who were prescribed at least one hypolipidemic drug as monotherapy or in combination was evaluated. Hypolipidemic and other classes of drugs prescribed and the World Health Organization prescribing indicators were analyzed. Monthly cost of the hypolipidemic drugs prescribed was also determined. Results: Nearly, two-third (63.7%) patients with increased plasma lipids and 36.2% patients in spite of having normal lipid profile were prescribed hypolipidemic drugs as well. Hypertension with comorbid conditions (39.63%) was the most common diseases, for which hypolipidemic drugs were prescribed. The average number of drugs per prescription was 6.21 ± 1.6. Atorvastatin was the most common hypolipidemic drug prescribed as monotherapy (59.16%), whereas atorvastatin with ramipril was the most common drugs prescribed as combination therapy (14.69%). Conclusion: This study depicts the widespread use of statins in various disease conditions, both as primary and secondary preventive measures. Such studies should be done to educate the physicians on good prescribing practices and on rational use of hypolipidemic drugs.


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