25‐Hydroxycholesterol induces odontoclastic differentiation through RANK–RANKL upregulation and NF‐κB activation in odontoblast‐like MDPC‐23 cells: An in vitro study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader 25‐Hydroxycholesterol induces odontoclastic differentiation through RANK–RANKL upregulation and NF‐κB activation in odontoblast‐like MDPC‐23 cells: An in vitro study via International Endodontic Journal Abstract Aim The physiological effects and cellular mechanism of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), which is an oxysterol synthesized from cholesterol by cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H) expressed under inflammatory conditions, are still largely unknown during odontoclastogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate a 25-HC-induced odontoclastogenesis and its cellular mechanisms in odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. Methodology To investigate 25-HC-induced odontoclastogenesis of MDPC-23 cells and its cellular mechanism, haemotoxylin and eosin staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, dentine resorption assay, zymography, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, immunocytochemistry, and nuclear translocation were performed. The experimental values are presented as mean ± standard deviation and were compared using analysis of variance, followed by post-hoc multiple comparison (Tukey's test) using SPSS software version 22 (IBM Corp.). A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Lipopolysaccharide or receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) induced the synthesis of 25-HC via the expression of CH25H in MDPC-23 cells (p<0.01). Multinucleated giant cells with morphological characteristics and TRAP activity of the odontoclast were increased by 25-HC in MDPC-23 cells (p<0.01). Moreover, 25-HC increased dentine resorption through the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases in MDPC-23 cells. It not only increased the expression of odontoclastogenic biomarkers but also translocated cytosolic nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to the nucleus in MDPC-23 cells. Additionally, 25-HC not only increased the production of ROS (p<0.01), expression of inflammatory mediators (p<0.01), pro-inflammatory cytokines, receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK), and RANKL but also suppressed the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in MDPC-23 cells. In contrast, CDDO-Me, a chemical NF-κB inhibitor, decreased TRAP activity (p<0.01) and downregulated the expression of the odontoclastogenic biomarkers, including RANK and RANKL, in MDPC-23 cells. Conclusion 25-HC induced odontoclastogenesis by modulating the RANK–RANKL–OPG axis via NF-κB activation in MDPC-23 cells. Therefore, these findings provide that 25-HC derived from cholesterol metabolism may be involved in the pathophysiological etiological factors of internal tooth resorption. View on Web

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In-utero Exposure to Maternal Diabetes and the Risk of Cerebral Palsy: A Population-based Cohort Study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader In-utero Exposure to Maternal Diabetes and the Risk of Cerebral Palsy: A Population-based Cohort Study via Epidemiology - Published Ahead-of-Print Background: Evidence on the effects of in utero exposure to maternal diabetes on cerebral palsy in offspring is limited. We aimed to examine the effects of pre-gestational (PGDM) and gestational diabetes (GDM) separately on CP risk and the mediating role of increased fetal size. Methods: In a population-based study, we included all live births in Ontario, Canada, between 2002–2017 followed up through 2018 (n=2,110,177). Using administrative health data, we estimated crude and adjusted associations between PGDM or GDM and CP using Cox proportional hazards models to account for unequal follow-up in children. For the mediation analysis, we used marginal structural models to estimate the controlled direct effect of PGDM (and GDM) on the risk of CP not mediated by large-for-gestational age (LGA). Results: During the study period, 5,317 children were diagnosed with CP (187 exposed to PGDM and 171 exposed to GDM). Children of mothers with PGDM showed an increased risk {hazard ratio [HR]: 1.84 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.59, 2.14]} after adjusting for maternal sociodemographic and clinical factors. We found no associations between GDM and CP (adjusted HR: 0.91 (0.77, 1.06)). Our mediation analysis estimated that LGA explained 14% of the PDGM–CP association. Conclusions: In this population-based birth cohort study, maternal pre-gestational diabetes was associated with increased risk of CP, and the increased risk was not substantially mediated by the increased fetal size. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Constructing a Mixed Simulation With 360° Virtual Reality and a High-Fidelity Simulator: Usability and Feasibility Assessment

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Constructing a Mixed Simulation With 360° Virtual Reality and a High-Fidelity Simulator: Usability and Feasibility Assessment via Computers Informatics Nursing - Published Ahead-of-Print Virtual reality technology has been adopted to overcome barriers of conventional simulation. This study was conducted to determine the impact of mixed simulation (a 360° virtual reality and a high-fidelity simulator) on learning how to provide nursing care for patients with arrhythmia. A total of 49 students were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 25) and control (n = 23) groups. They were given four arrhythmia cases with a 360° virtual reality system first followed by a manikin-based simulation. The mixed simulation group showed greater improvement in knowledge, higher decision-making competency in "knowing and acting" (P = .025) and "seeking information from instructors" (P = .049), and lower anxiety in "using resources to gather information" (P = .031). Study participants achieved a good level of empathy (3.28 ± 0.72) and liked the program (4.56 ± 0.60). They were satisfied with the program (4.48 ± 0.65). These findings provide new insight into learning through blending of new technology. When the 360° virtual reality was used with existing manikin-based simulation, they effectively reinforced one another. The 360° virtual reality can be an effective strategy to ensure active participation to gain a comprehensive understanding of and empathy for patients. View on Web

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The Effect of Two Different Simulation Modalities in Palliative Care Teaching on Nursing Students' Knowledge, Satisfaction, Self-confidence, and Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The Effect of Two Different Simulation Modalities in Palliative Care Teaching on Nursing Students' Knowledge, Satisfaction, Self-confidence, and Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial via Computers Informatics Nursing - Published Ahead-of-Print Nursing students from developing countries have limited opportunities to experience palliative care. Standardized patient and low-fidelity simulations can provide realistic palliative care experiences for students. However, limited research is available on simulation-based education in Palestine. Testing and using these two types of simulation methods may be the best solution for developing countries that lack adequate resources. This study aimed to test the effects of low-fidelity simulation compared with standardized patient simulation in palliative care teaching on nursing students' knowledge, satisfaction, confidenc e, and skills. The study was a randomized controlled trial of 70 nursing students in their sophomore year. Students' knowledge was assessed with the Palliative Care Quiz for Nursing test; satisfaction and confidence with the Learner Satisfaction and Self-confidence in Learning; and skills rated by two researchers. Students' knowledge improved significantly on the posttest compared with the pretest, without significant differences between both groups. The findings showed that the utilization of the two methods in students' clinical training for scenario has the same effect on the satisfaction and confidence. The skills of the standardized patient group improved significantly more than the low-fidelity group. The study revealed that both simulation modalities are effective for palliative care nursing students. View on Web

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The association between trauma and interpersonal problems

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The association between trauma and interpersonal problems in a United States community mental health setting via Journal of Clinical Psychology Abstract Objective Previous research has documented associations between trauma and interpersonal problems. We examined the impact of trauma on interpersonal problems among depressed patients seeking treatment in a community mental health setting. Methods A total of 453 patients seeking treatment and screened for a comparative effectiveness study of therapies for depression were included. We conducted analyses relating the 32-item inventory of interpersonal problems (IIP-32) to trauma measures. Results 99.1% of the sample experienced a traumatic event. There were significant associations between the total number of traumas, the number of sexually and physically assaultive traumas, and both gender and race. The number of sexually assaultive traumas was significantly related to the IIP-32 "too caring" subscale (simple r = 0.167, p < 0.001). Controlling for demographics and other IIP-32 subscales, the total number of traumas remained significantly related to the IIP-32 "too caring" domain (partial r = 0.163, p < 0.001). Conclusions Traumatic events are prevalent among community populations and these experiences are associated with certain interpersonal problems. Trauma and interpersonal problems are key issues for the treatment of patients in the community mental health setting. View on Web

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High incidence of virus among respiratory pathogens in children with lower respiratory tract infection

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader High incidence of virus among respiratory pathogens in children with lower respiratory tract infection in northwestern China via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Background Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is one of the major reasons for the childhood mortality that threaten the health of the public. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological pathogens and their infection analysis among children with LRTI. Methods Sputum specimens were collected for PCR detection and microbiological tests to identify the viral infection and bacterial infection. The serological specimens were separated from venous blood using for Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) detection. Results Virus was confirmed in 86.2% of the children. Human Rhinovirus (HRV, 38.3%), Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV, 32.1%) and Parainfluenza Virus type 3 (PIV3, 27.2%) were the most frequently identified pathogens. Patients with viral and bacterial co-infection showed younger age (P=0.032), higher propotion of wheezing rales (P=0.032), three depressions sign (P=0.028) and tachypnea (P=0.038), and more likely associated with sever pneumonia (P=0.035). Additionally, older children were more susceptible with viral-atypical bacterial co-infection (P=0.032). Vomiting (P=0.011) and fever (P=0.003) were more likely to occur in children with viral-atypical bacterial co-infection. Conclusions Attention should be paid on the virus infection of LRTI, viral-bacterial co-infection and viral-atypical bacterial co-infection may have detrimental impact on the gravity of LTRI. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Necrotic facial ulceration caused by cowpox virus

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Necrotic facial ulceration caused by cowpox virus via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract A 56-year-old Caucasian lady presented to the maxillofacial department with a lesion on her left cheek with associated lethargy and fevers This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Tideglusib enhances odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells in vitro

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Tideglusib enhances odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells in vitro via International Endodontic Journal Abstract Aim Tideglusib is a small molecule agonist of the canonical Wnt pathway. The present study investigated the influence of Tideglusib on human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSC) proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and odonto/osteogenic differentiation. Methodology hDPSCs were treated with 50 nM, 100 nM, or 200 nM Tideglusib. β-catenin accumulation was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Colony forming unit ability was assessed by staining with Coomassie blue. Cell cycle progression and cell apoptosis were investigated using flow cytometry. Cell migration was examined using an in vitro wound healing assay. Osteogenic differentiation was examined using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red s staining, and osteogenic-related gene expression. The gene expression profile was examined using a high throughput RNA sequencing technique. All experiments were repeated using cells derived from at least four different donors (n = 4). The Mann Whitney U test was used to identify significant differences for two independent group comparisons. For three or more group comparison, statistical differences were assessed using the Kruskal Wallis test followed by a pairwise comparison. The significance level was set at 5% (p< /i> < 0.05). Results Tideglusib activated the Wnt signaling pathway in hDPSCs as demonstrated by an increase in cytoplasmic β-catenin accumulation and nuclear translocation. Tideglusib did not affect hDPSC proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell apoptosis, or cell migration. In contrast, 50 nM and 100 nM Tideglusib significantly enhanced mineralisation and osteogenic marker gene expression (RUNX2, ALP, BMP2, and DSPP) (p < 0.05). Conclusions Tideglusib enhanced the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Therefore, incorporating this bioactive molecule in a pulp capping material could be a promising strategy to promote dentine repair. View on Web

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The Management of Salivary Fistulas

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The Management of Salivary Fistulas via Seminars in Plastic Surgery Semin Plast Surg DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759561 Postoperative salivary fistula is an especially undesirable complication because it can be difficult to address, may delay postoperative radiation, and always delays enteral nutrition. Patients who are malnourished, have already undergone radiotherapy, or are hypothyroid are at higher risk of developing this problem. Conservative measures work in most patients, but a significant percentage of patients require intervention beyond pr essure dressings and tincture of time. Medications, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and surgical intervention may be required when fistulas do not heal in a timely manner. Decisions about the approach and timing of more aggressive interventions are part of the art of medicine since definitive scientific protocols are lacking. [...] Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA Article in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents  |  Abstract&nbs p; |  Full text View on Web

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