Septin 4 activates PPARγ/LXRα signaling by upregulating ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression to inhibit the formation of THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Septin 4 activates PPARγ/LXRα signaling by upregulating ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression to inhibit the formation of THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Jul;22(1):763. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10195. Epub 2021 May 13. ABSTRACT Septin 4 is a member of a family of GTP-binding proteins that has been previously reported regulate cytoskeletal organization. In addition, it has been suggested to serve a role in atherosclerosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of Septin 4 on foam cell formation. THP-1 cells were first exposed to phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate for differentiation into macrophages before being transformed into foam cells by treatment with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Septin 4 expression was then knocked down or overexpressed in THP-1 cells using transfection, whilst peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) was also inhibited using its selective antagonist (T0070907) in the presence of Septin 4 overexpression. Oil red staining was used to detect lipid uptake, and total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (F C) and ATP binding cassette subfamily A/G member 1 (ABCA1/G1) protein expression were also measured. The results demonstrated that upon ox-LDL stimulation, macrophages that were derived from THP-1 cells transformed into foam cells, where Septin 4 was highly expressed in ox-LDL-induced foam cells. Septin 4 knockdown promoted TC and FC levels, but reduced ABCA1/G1 protein expression. The protein expression levels of PPARγ and liver X receptor α (LXRα) were also decreased after Septin 4 knockdown. However, Septin 4 overexpression resulted in the opposite results being observed. Additionally, blocking PPARγ activity using its inhibitor T0070907 or knocking down LXRα expression using short hairpin RNA reversed the effects of Septin 4 overexpression on foam cell formation and cholesterol handling. In conclusion, Septin 4 may serve an important role in preventing foam cell formation by activating PPARγ/LXRα signaling and subsequently enhancing ABCA1/G1 expression. PMID:34035860 | PMC:PMC8135116 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10195 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Long non-coding RNA LUCAT1 promotes the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via the microRNA-375/YAP1 axis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Long non-coding RNA LUCAT1 promotes the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via the microRNA-375/YAP1 axis Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Jul;22(1):754. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10186. Epub 2021 May 12. ABSTRACT Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common renal cell carcinoma with a high mortality rate. Lung cancer-associated transcript 1 (LUCAT1) has been reported to be a potential biomarker of prognosis in human ccRCC. However, the underlying mechanism of the function of LUCAT1 in ccRCC remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of LUCAT1 in ccRCC. The expression level of LUCAT1, microRNA-375 (miR-375) and yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) in ccRCC tissues and cells was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, and the protein level of YAP1 was detected by western blotting. The effects of LUCAT1 on cell proliferation, migration and invasion were analyzed using Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays. The association between miR-375 and LUCAT1 or miR-375 and YAP1 was predicted by l ncBase Predicted v.2 or TargetScan and verified using dual-luciferase reporter assay. The effect of LUCAT1 on ccRCC progression in vivo was evaluated using a xenograft tumor model. The results revealed that LUCAT1 and YAP1 were upregulated and miR-375 was downregulated in ccRCC tissues and cells. LUCAT1 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion, which were reversed by the inhibition of miR-375. In addition, YAP1 overexpression attenuated the inhibitory effects of miR-375 overexpression on cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Subsequent experiments suggested that LUCAT1 regulated YAP1 expression by sponging miR-375. Therefore, LUCAT1 exerted its role by regulating the miR-375/YAP1 axis in vitro. Moreover, LUCAT1 knockdown suppressed the growth of ccRCC xenograft tumors in vivo. These results collectively revealed that LUCAT1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of ccRCC by the upregulation of YAP1 via sponging miR -375, which may be used as a potential therapeutic target for ccRCC. PMID:34035851 | PMC:PMC8135135 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10186 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Management of large inflammatory dentigerous cysts adapted to the general condition of the patient: Two case reports

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Management of large inflammatory dentigerous cysts adapted to the general condition of the patient: Two case reports Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Jul;22(1):750. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10182. Epub 2021 May 12. ABSTRACT Dentigerous cysts may be of developmental or inflammatory origin. The latter occur in unerupted permanent teeth as a result of inflammation from a preceding non-vital primary tooth or from another source spreading to involve the tooth follicle. This report presents two clinical cases of children with dentigerous cysts of inflammatory origin. Case 1 is a healthy boy (7 years 11 months) referred for a large cystic cavity in the right mandibular premolar region. Extraction of 84 and 85 and marsupialization of the cyst were performed under nitrous sedation. A removable appliance with an acrylic piece fitted into the socket was applied on the same occasion. The in-socket piece was progressively reduced as the cystic cavity was shrinking. After a 20-month follow-up, 44 and 45 are sound and correctly erupted and 46 remains unaffected. Case 2 is an autist ic girl (10 years 9 months) with bilateral large odontogenic cysts enclosing the crowns of 35 and 45. Extractions of 75, 85 were performed under general anesthesia, leaving large bone defects. Given the limited compliance of the patient under common dental office circumstances, no appliance was used. Thirteen months after extraction, 35 and 45 are sound, fully erupted and no visible mesial drifting of 36 and 46 occurred. In conclusion, conservative treatment of large inflammatory dentigerous cysts in children gives good results with minimal intervention, ensures physiologic development of teeth and proper bone healing. The general condition of the patient can influence treatment choice. Patients must be followed up until eruption of the displaced permanent teeth and bony consolidation of the cyst. PMID:34035847 | PMC:PMC8135138 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10182 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Is it the coracobrachialis superior muscle, or is it an unidentified rare variant of coracobrachialis muscle?

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Is it the coracobrachialis superior muscle, or is it an unidentified rare variant of coracobrachialis muscle? Via radiol anat Surg Radiol Anat. 2021 May 26. doi: 10.1007/s00276-021-02773-y. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The coracobrachialis muscle (CBM) originates from the apex of the coracoid process, in common with the short head of the biceps brachii muscle, and from the intermuscular septum. The CBM demonstrates variability in both the proximal and distal attachment, with some extremely rare varieties, such as the coracobrachialis superior, coracobrachialis longus and coracocapsularis muscle. This case report describes an extremely rare variant of the coracobrachialis superior muscle, or a very rare variant of the CBM. Our findings highlight the importance of muscle variants in the shoulder region, especially the coracoid region, and are significant for radiologists, anatomists, physiotherapists and surgeons specializing in the shoulder joint. PMID:34037825 | DOI:10.1007/s00276-021-02773-y View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Pharyngeal reflux episodes in patients with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux versus healthy subjects: a prospective cohort study

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Pharyngeal reflux episodes in patients with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux versus healthy subjects: a prospective cohort study Via http://link.springer.com/journal/405,European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology,The European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 May 25. doi: 10.1007/s00405-021-06865-8. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze pharyngeal reflux episodes in patients with suspected LPR versus healthy subjects using 24-h MII-pH monitoring. METHODS: One hundred twenty-one patients who visited our clinic with a chief complaint of LPR-related symptoms and underwent 24-h MII-pH monitoring were enrolled prospectively. Also, 27 healthy subjects were enrolled and underwent 24-h MII-pH monitoring during the same period. We analyzed sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy comprehensively to determine appropriate cut-off values of pharyngeal reflux episodes in 24-h MII-pH monitoring to diagnose patients with LPR. RESULTS: Twenty-nine of 121 patients with suspected LPR showed no pharyngeal reflux episodes, while 92 showed more than one pharyngeal reflux event. In contrast, the 22 healthy subjects showed no pharyngeal refl ux episodes, three showed one reflux event, and two showed two reflux events. A cut-off value of ≥ 1 showed best accuracy reflected by combined sensitivity and specificity values, while ≥ 2 demonstrated better specificity with slight loss of sensitivity and slightly lower overall accuracy, suggesting cut-off value of ≥ 1 pharyngeal reflux episodes is a good clinical indicator. CONCLUSION: A cut-off value of ≥ 1 in pharyngeal reflux episodes on 24-h MII-pH monitoring in patients with suspected LPR might be an acceptable diagnostic tool for LPR. PMID:34036423 | DOI:10.1007/s004 05-021-06865-8 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Hemihypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis: results and electromyographic characterization

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Hemihypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis: results and electromyographic characterization Via http://link.springer.com/journal/405,European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology,The European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 May 25. doi: 10.1007/s00405-021-06893-4. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The facial nerve surgery belongs to the basic procedures during lateral skull base approaches. Its damage has serious medical and psychological consequences, and therefore mastery of reconstruction and correction techniques should belong to the repertoire of skull base surgeons. The goal of this study was to demonstrate usefulness of electromyographic follow-up in facial nerve reconstruction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 16 patients underwent hemihypoglossal-facial anastomosis between 2005 and 2017. Most of the primary lesions came from vestibular schwannoma surgery. All patients were examined with electromyography and scored according to the House-Brackmann and IOWA grading scales. Function of the tongue has been evaluated. RESULTS: Ten patients achieved definitive House-Brackmann grade 3 score (62.5%) . We did not observe any association with the patient's age, previous irradiation and the etiology of the damage. Electromyography showed pathological spontaneous activity after the first surgery. Incipient regeneration potentials were detected in 4-17 months (average 7.6) and reached maximum in 6.5-18 months (average 16). Electromyographic assessment of the effect of tongue movement showed better mimic voluntary activity by swallowing or by moving the tongue up. There was no relationship between the start of activity and the interval to achieving maximal activity. CONCLUSION: Hemihypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis is a safe procedure and it is an optimal solution for cases lacking a proximal stump or in the case of reconstruction in the second stage. Electromyography can predict initial reinnervation activity after reconstructive procedures. During subsequent follow-up it can help to discover insufficiently recovering patients, however clinical characteristics are crucial.< /p> PMID:34036422 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-021-06893-4 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Limits in endoscopic ear surgery

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Limits in endoscopic ear surgery Via hno HNO. 2021 May 26. doi: 10.1007/s00106-021-01051-y. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In recent decades, endoscopic ear surgery (EES) has been rapidly evolving, expanding its boundaries from the middle ear to the lateral skull base. Nonetheless, the advantages of the endoscopic technique are associated with a number of intrinsic limitations. METHODS AND OBJECTIVE: A narrative review was conducted to investigate the current limits of EES, analyzing the differen t otologic and skull base surgery procedures. RESULTS: Limitations of EES can be divided into general and procedure-related. General limitations have been extensively described in the literature and are related to the bidimensional image provided by the endoscope, as well as the one-handed surgical technique and its implications in the management of bleeding. Procedure-related limits are continuously evolving and are also discussed in the present review. CONCLUSION: Although endoscope use is intrinsically associated with general limitations, these have been systematically overcome by the refinement of the surgical technique as a consequence of the increasing surgical experience gained over the last 20 years. The main limits of EES are currently associated with specific procedure- and disease-related situations. This review describes the general limitations and their management, as well as the current limits in the endoscopic management of various otologic diseases, from the external ear to the lateral skull base. PMID:34037816 | DOI:10.1007/s00106-021-01051-y View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Pediatric Single-Sided Deafness: A Review of Prevalence, Radiologic Findings, and Cochlear Implant Candidacy

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Pediatric Single-Sided Deafness: A Review of Prevalence, Radiologic Findings, and Cochlear Implant Candidacy Via otol rhinol Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2021 May 26:34894211019519. doi: 10.1177/00034894211019519. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To characterize the prevalence, imaging characteristics, and cochlear implant candidacy of pediatric patients with single-sided deafness (SSD). METHODS: An audiometric database of patients evaluated at a large tertiary academic medical center was retrospectively queried to identify pediatric patients (<18 years old) with SSD, defined as se vere to profound sensorineural hearing loss in one ear and normal hearing in the other. Medical records of identified patients were reviewed to characterize the prevalence, etiology, and cochlear implant candidacy of pediatric patients with SSD. RESULTS: We reviewed audiometric data obtained from 1993 to 2018 for 52,878 children at our institution. 191 (0.36%) had the diagnosis of SSD. Cochlear nerve deficiency (either hypoplasia or aplasia) diagnosed on MRI and/or CT was the most common etiology of SSD and was present in 22 of 88 (25%) pediatric SSD patients with available imaging data. 70 of 106 (66%) pediatric SSD patients with available imaging had anatomy amenable to cochlear implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric SSD is a rare condition and the most common etiology based on radiology is cochlear nerve deficiency. High resolution imaging of the temporal bone is essential to determine cochlear nerve morphology prior to consideration of cochlear implantation. PMID :34036833 | DOI:10.1177/00034894211019519 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Analysis of Gabapentin's Efficacy in Tinnitus Treatment: A Systematic Review

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Analysis of Gabapentin's Efficacy in Tinnitus Treatment: A Systematic Review Via otol rhinol Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2021 May 26:34894211018921. doi: 10.1177/00034894211018921. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: Tinnitus can be a chronic symptom that brings disability and distress. Some studies suggested that gabapentin might be effective on tinnitus relief. The objective of the study is to perform a systematic review in order to evaluate the efficacy of oral gabapentin in patients with tinnitus. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in English and following the recommendations from PRISMA. The terms used were: ("tinnitus" OR "subjective tinnitus") AND ("gabapentin"). The study selection was performed following the eligibility criteria in accordance to the PICOS (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, study design) strategy-patients with tinnitus; oral gabapentin; placebo; reduction of tinnitus severity questionnaires scores; prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, respectively. The selected studies were included in qualitative synthesis. The studies were analyzed according to Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal checklist for randomized controlled trials. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-one studies were found in 9 databases and 8 studies were found in gray literature. After study selection, 6 articles were read in full. Then, 2 studies were excluded and 4 were included in qualitative synthesis. All 4 articles were analyzed according to critical evaluation checklist. CONCLUSIONS: Th ere is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of gabapentin for patients with tinnitus. PMID:34036823 | DOI:10.1177/00034894211018921 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea as the First Symptom of Metastatic Prostate Adenocarcinoma

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea as the First Symptom of Metastatic Prostate Adenocarcinoma Via ear nose throat Ear Nose Throat J. 2021 May 26:1455613211016710. doi: 10.1177/01455613211016710. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The most common cause of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea is damage to the skull base with a dura mater's rupture due to an accident or an iatrogenic injury. This applies to over 96% of cases. Other possibilities that can lead to CSF leakage are neoplasms of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx. Although prostate cancer spreads to bones, crani al metastases to paranasal sinuses are extremely rare. We present a case of an 83-year-old patient with CSF leakage due to infiltrating metastatic prostate cancer. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea turned out to be the first symptom of prostate cancer metastasis. Diagnostic and treatment strategies are presented in the discussion. PMID:34037491 | DOI:10.1177/01455613211016710 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.