SARS‐CoV‐2 ORF10 antagonizes STING‐dependent interferon activation and autophagy

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader SARS‐CoV‐2 ORF10 antagonizes STING‐dependent interferon activation and autophagy via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract A characteristic feature of COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, is the dysregulated immune response with impaired type I and III interferon (IFN) expression and an overwhelming inflammatory cytokine storm. RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) and cGAS-STING signaling pathways are responsible for sensing viral infection and inducing IFN production to combat invading viruses. Multiple proteins of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported to modulate the RLR signaling pathways to achieve immune evasion. Although SARS-CoV-2 infection also activates the cGAS-STING signaling by stimulating micronuclei formation during the process of syncytia, whether SARS-CoV-2 modulates the cGAS-STING pathway requires further investigation. Here, we screened 29 SARS-CoV-2-encoded viral proteins to explore the viral proteins that affect the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and found that SARS-CoV-2 ORF10 targets STING to antagonize IFN activation. Overexpression of ORF10 inhibits cGAS-ST ING-induced IRF3 phosphorylation, translocation, and subsequent IFN induction. Mechanistically, ORF10 interacts with STING, attenuates the STING-TBK1 association, and impairs STING oligomerization and aggregation and STING-mediated autophagy; ORF10 also prevents the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi trafficking of STING by anchoring STING in the ER. Taken together, these findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 ORF10 impairs the cGAS-STING signaling by blocking the translocation of STING and the interaction between STING and TBK1 to antagonize innate antiviral immunity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Hypothyroidism After Using Superior Thyroid Artery as A Recipient Artery

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Hypothyroidism After Using Superior Thyroid Artery as A Recipient Artery via The Laryngoscope The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of the superior thyroid artery (SThA) as a recipient vessel affect thyroid dysfunction in patients undergoing TPLE combined with hemithyroidectomy. Our study revealed there was no significant difference in the postoperative hypothyroidism between patients with SThA used and not. We suggest that even after hemithyroidectomy, with inferior thyroid arteries are preserved, the SThA can be used as a recipient vessel. Objective Superior thyroid artery (SThA) is a common recipient artery in free tissue transfer even after total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy (TPLE) with hemithyroidectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of SThA as a recipient vessel affect thyroid function in patients undergoing TPLE with hemithyroidectomy. Methods From 2011 to 2020, 91 patients who underwent free jejunum transfer after TPLE with hemithyroidectomy were divided into two groups. In Group1 (n = 47), the contralateral SThA was used for the anastomosis. In Group2 (n = 44), other vessels were used. Retrospective chart review was performed comparing postoperative thyroid function between two groups. Results In group1, 17 patients presented hypothyroidism, 21 presented latent hypothyroidism and 9 presented no thyroid dysfunction comparing 15, 19, and 10 respectively in group 2. There were no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion Even after hemithyroidectomy, with inferior thyroid arteries are preserved, the SThA can be used as a recipient vessel. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2022 View on Web

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Endonasal access to the lateral poststyloid space: Far lateral extension of an endoscopic endonasal corridor

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Endonasal access to the lateral poststyloid space: Far lateral extension of an endoscopic endonasal corridor via Head & Neck Abstract The styloid process constitutes the posterolateral boundary for an endonasal exposure of the infratemporal fossa. This study aims to explore the feasibility of a far-lateral extension to the lateral poststyloid space via an endonasal corridor. An endonasal dissection was performed on six cadaveric specimens (12 sides). Following an endoscopic endonasal access to the parapharyngeal space, the styloid process and the tympanic portion of the temporal bone were removed to reveal the jugular bulb and the extratemporal facial nerve. Distances from the anterior nasal spine to the relevant landmarks were measured using a surgical navigation device. Through an endonasal corridor, only the anteroinferior aspect of the jugular bulb was exposed. Conversely, the extratemporal facial nerve could be sufficiently exposed, and the deep temporal nerve could be transposed to the stylomastoid foramen. The average horizontal distances from the nasal spine to the posterior tract of V3, stylo id process, and facial nerve were 79.33 ± 3.41, 97.10 ± 4.74, and 104.77 ± 4.42 mm, respectively. Access to the lateral poststyloid space via an endonasal corridor is feasible, potentially providing an alternative approach to address select lesions extending to this region. The deep temporal nerve has a similar diameter to that of the facial nerve; thus, providing potential reinnervation of the facial nerve. View on Web

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Comparison of transfusion reactions in children and adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Comparison of transfusion reactions in children and adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis via Pediatric Blood & Cancer Abstract Background There are no international standards or normalizations for diagnosing and treating complications from blood transfusions. We comprehensively compared the incidence of adverse blood transfusions in children and adults. Methods Available literature on blood transfusion adverse reactions in children and adults prior to November 27, 2021 was collected from several electronic databases. This meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.2 and Stata 15.1. Results The incidence of transfusion reactions is higher in children than in adults. Children transfused with red blood cells and platelets exhibited a higher incidence of transfusion reaction than that of adults. Moreover, the incidence of allergic and febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions was significantly higher in children than in adults. The incidence of some rare transfusion reactions was also significantly higher in children than in adults. Conclusion The incidence of transfusion reactions in children and adults is varied. Guidelines for children are necessary. View on Web

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Safety and value of pre‐transplant antibiotic allergy delabeling in a quaternary transplant center

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Safety and value of pre‐transplant antibiotic allergy delabeling in a quaternary transplant center via Transplant Infectious Disease Abstract Background Self-reported antibiotic allergies, also known as antibiotic allergy labels, are common and may lead to worse patient outcomes. Within immunocompromised patients, antibiotic allergy labels can lead to inappropriate use of antimicrobials and may limit options for prophylactic and therapeutic options in the post-transplant period. While antibiotic allergy delabeling is considered an important aspect of antibiotic stewardship protocols, evidence and awareness of its application in transplant recipients is limited. Methods We describe our experience with an antibiotic allergy delabeling intervention in the pre-transplant evaluation period and its impact on post-transplant antimicrobial utilization. This was a retrospective analysis of patients with an antibiotic allergy label who underwent evaluation for solid organ or stem cell transplantation between 2015–2020. Patients included in this analysis were those who completed pre-transplant antibiotic allergy delabeling through our Drug Allergy Clinic and were retained in care for six months after transplant. Results Twenty-six of 27 patients underwent pre-transplant antibiotic allergy delabeling and safely received the delabeled antibiotic post-transplant. There were no reported side effects to the delabeled antibiotic within 6 months post-transplant. Specific examination of sulfonamide (sulfa)-antibiotic delabeling showed cost savings of $254 to $2,910 per patient in the post-transplant period compared to the use of alternative antibiotics for prophylaxis protocol. Conclusion Antibiotic allergy delabeling prior to transplant is safe, is of high value, and should be considered in the pre-transplant evaluation period. More resources are needed for the development of delabeling guidelines and support for broad implementation of pre-transplant antibiotic allergy delabeling programs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved View on Web

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Evaluation of soft tissue and labial plate of bone stability with immediate implant in direct contact versus gap with socket shield: A randomized clinical trial with 1 year follow‐up

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Evaluation of soft tissue and labial plate of bone stability with immediate implant in direct contact versus gap with socket shield: A randomized clinical trial with 1 year follow‐up via Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research Abstract Objective In the anterior region, the resorption of the buccal plate of bone after tooth extraction leads to contraction of the overlying soft tissues, resulting in an esthetic problem. In the socket shield technique, the buccal root section of the tooth is maintained, to preserve the buccal bone for immediate implant placement. The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to investigate the effect of leaving a gap or not between implant and retained root fragment on bone dimensions and soft tissue esthetics. Methods This was a two armed parallel group randomized clinical trial with allocation ratio 1:1. Patients were eligible in case they needed immediate implant replacing teeth in esthetic zone with sufficient buccal bone support. CBCT was performed immediately after the intervention and 12 months later. Results Forty six patients (26 females and 20 males) were enrolled in the study with 23 of them placed in contact with shield and 23 were placed palatal leaving a gap to graft with a xenograft. After 12 months, excellent soft tissue stability was reported (mean pink esthetic score at placement group A: 12.00 ± 1.60 after 12 months 12.90 ± 1.69, group B 12.62 ± 2.07 and after 12 months 12.38 ± 2.20) Using both surgical techniques. Radiographic crestal bone level changes mean for group A was −0.26 ± 0.52 and for group B -0.34 ± 0.31. There was a strong positive correlation between clinical and radiographic bone width values which was statistically significant (r = 0.782, p < 0.001). Width and thickness of keratinized gingiva showed no significant difference between values measured in both groups. Nonsignificant difference between studied groups according to the labial plate of bone clinical and radiographic changes after i mmediate implantation. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, the present data seem to support that the clinical outcome of the socket shield technique with immediate implant placement placed in contact or leaving a gap gave excellent esthetic results. View on Web

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