Κυριακή 3 Ιουλίου 2022

Habitual Exercise, Air Pollution, and Pneumonia Mortality: A Longitudinal Cohort Study of Approximately 0.4 Million Adults

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Abstract
This study aims to examine the combined associations of PM2.5 and exercise with deaths from pneumonia. We included 384,130 participants with an age of ≥18 years from Taiwan during 2001-2016. The adults were followed up until 31 May 2019 to obtain the vital status. We performed a time-dependent Cox regression model for statistical analysis. We found that the risk of pneumonia mortality reduced 55% [hazard ratio (HR): 0.45 (95% confidence intervals, CI: 0.36–0.55)] and 36% [0.64 (95%CI: 0.52–0.80)] in participants who took high-/moderate-level of exercise, respectively, as compared to the inactive. By contrast, every 10μg/m3 increase in chronic exposure to PM2.5 was associated with a 30% [1.30 (95%CI: 1.17–1.45)] higher risk of pneumonia mortality. The risk of pneumonia mortality decreased 72% (95%CI: 59%–80%) for the adults who took high-level exercise and simultaneously exposed to low-level PM2.5. A lower risk of pneumonia mortality was associated with both higher exercise and lower PM2.5 air pollution. For adults exposed to different levels of PM2.5, exercise benefits remained. Our findings suggest taking exercise is a safe and effective strategy to alleviate the burden of pneumonia mortality even for people who reside in a moderately-polluted area.
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How Peripheral Vestibular Damage Affects Velocity Storage: a Causative Explanation

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AbstractVelocity storage is a centrally-mediated mechanism that processes peripheral vestibular inputs. One prominent aspect of velocity storage is its effect on dynamic responses to yaw rotation. Specifically, when normal human subjects are accelerated to constant angular yaw velocity, horizontal eye movements and perceived angular velocity decay exponentially with a time constant circa 15 –30 s, even though the input from the vestibular periphery decays much faster (~ 6 s). Peripheral vestibular damage causes a time constant reduction, which is useful for clinical diagnoses, but a mechanistic explanation for the relationship between vestibular damage and changes in these behavi oral dynamics is lacking. It has been hypothesized that Bayesian optimization determines ideal velocity s...
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The impact of vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis activity in myo‐inositol‐treated and myo‐inositol‐naïve women with autoimmune thyroiditis: A pilot study

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The impact of vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis activity in myo-inositol-treated and myo-inositol-naïve women with autoimmune thyroiditis: A pilot study

The impact of vitamin D on thyroid antibody titers, thyrotropin levels and thyroid function tests is more pronounced in myo-inositol-treated (group A) than inositol-naïve (group B) women with autoimmune thyroiditis.


Abstract

What is Known and Objective

Vitamin D and myo-inositol reduce thyroid antibody titers in subjects with autoimmune thyroiditis. No previous study has investigated interactions between these agents. The aim of the current study was to determine whether the impact of exogenous vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid function in women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis depends on myo-inositol supplementation.

Methods

The study population consisted of three thyroid antibody- and insulin sensitivity-matched groups of women with autoimmune thyroiditis and high-normal or slightly elevated TSH levels. Forty-one women (21 in group A and 20 in group C) had been treated for at least 6 months with myo-inositol (group A), while 21 women (group B) had not received myo-inositol preparations. Over the entire study period (6 months), groups A and C continued treatment with myo-inositol (2 g daily), while groups A and B received exogenous vitamin D (4000 IU daily). Plasma titers of thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies, as well as plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, TSH, free thyroid hormones, prolactin, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) were assessed at entry and 6 months later. Moreover, baseline and follow-up values of the structure parameters of thyroid homeostasis were calculated

Results and Discussion

In groups A and B, vitamin D improved insulin sensitivity and increased 25-OH-D levels. Although follow-up antibody titers in both these groups were lower than baseline ones, the impact of vitamin D on thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies was stronger in group A than in group B. Only in group A, vitamin D decreased TSH levels and increased SPINA-GT. There were no differences between baseline and follow-up free values of glucose, thyroid hormones, prolactin, Jostel's index, and SPINA-GD. The impact of vitamin D treatment on antibody titers correlated with treatment-induced changes in 25-OH-D levels and the degree of improvement in insulin sensitivity. In group C, glucose homeostasis markers, antibody titers and hormone levels remained at a similar level throughout the study period.

What is New and Conclusion

The obtained results suggest that the impact of vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis activity in subjects with autoimmune thyroiditis is more pronounced if they receive myo-inositol.
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Comparison between the radial forearm and superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator free flaps for oral soft tissue reconstruction

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The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) is widely used for oral reconstruction. The superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap is an increasingly utilized alternative. The cases of 165 patients who received either an RFFF or SCIP flap for oral reconstruction at Chris O ′Brien Lifehouse, Sydney were reviewed. The aim was to report on patient, pathology, treatment, and outcome variables and to compare these between the two flap groups. A RFFF was used in 126 patients and a SCIP flap in 39 patients. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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Transcriptome analysis of human cholangiocytes exposed to carcinogenic 1,2-dichloropropane in the presence of macrophages in vitro

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The clinically relevant CYP2C8*3 and CYP2C9*2 haplotype is inherited from Neandertals

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The Pharmacogenomics Journal, Published online: 02 July 2022; doi:10.1038/s41397-022-00284-6

The clinically relevant CYP2C8*3 and CYP2C9*2 haplotype is inherited from Neandertals
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Does three-dimensional intraglandular location predict malignancy in parotid tumors?

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Tumors arising within the parotid encompass a heterogeneous mix of benign and malignant neoplasms and other tissue growths. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between the location of intraparotid masses and the risk of malignancy. A retrospective cohort study was performed of patients diagnosed with parotid tumors following open tumor excision. The primary predictor variable was the location of the epicenter of the tumor in three-dimensional space, as determined from preoperative imaging. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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Recovery from the damage of cranial radiation modulated by memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy

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Abstract
Background
Radiotherapy is an important treatment option for central nervous system malignancies. However, cranial radiation induces hippocampal dysfunction and white matter injury; this leads to cognitive dysfunction, and results in a reduced quality of life in patients. Excitatory glutamate signaling through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) plays a central role both in hippocampal neurogenesis and in the myelination of oligodendrocytes in the cerebrum.
Methods
We will provide the method for quantifying neurogenesis in human subjects in live brain during the cancer therapy. Neuroimaging using behavioral task we originally create, to examine human hippocampal memory pathway in patients with brain disorders.
Results
Treatment with memantine, a non-competitive NMDAR antagonist, reversed impairment in hippocampal pattern separation networks as detected by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Hyperbaric preconditi oning of the patients just before radiotherapy with memantine most reversed white matter injury as detected by whole brain analysis with Tract-Based Spatial Statics. Neuromodulation combined with the administration of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and memantine during radiotherapy facilitated the restoration of hippocampal function and white matter integrity, and improved higher cognitive function in patients receiving cranial radiation.
Conclusions
The method for therapy and diagnosis of hippocampal function we developed can be applicable to the patients received cranial radiation to restore the cognitive decline. The monitoring can be followed during the therapy that production of new neurons by which ability of pattern separation is increased, then recovery of pattern completion, followed by new score elevation.
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