A Comparative Evaluation On Mandibular Movements Before And After Prosthodontic Treatment

2016-10-05T22-13-17Z
Source: National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine
Dr.Sanjay Nilawar*, Dr.Amrita Pandita**, Dr.Vinod Shewale***.
: Background: The range of movements of mandible in Indian individuals was not studied to set a norm. The changes happening before and after prosthodontic treatment were also not studied. Aim: To determine the range of mandibular movements viz, protrusion, working side movement measured at mandibular first molar region both on the right and left sides while performing lateral excursions, non working movement measured at mandibular first molar region both on the right and left sides while performing lateral excursions, right lateral movement measured in the incisor region, left lateral movement measured in the incisor region, passive opening and active opening in normal individuals and prosthodontically treated individuals. To determine morphometric values such as intercondylar distance, distance between intercondylar axis and axis connecting mesioincisal angles of the mandibular central incisors, distance between intercondylar axis and axis connecting mesiobuccal cusps of the mandibular molars and inter mandibular molar distance related to mandible and mandibular arch of the individuals who served as sample in the above study. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on normal individuals and then on prothodontically treated individuals .The sample consisted of 160 normal individuals and 80 treated individuals. The normal individuals were divided into four according to age viz, Group I: 21-30yrs, Group II: 31-40yrs, Group III: 41-50 yrs, Group IV: 51-60 yrs. Similarly the treated individuals were divided into four according to type of treatment viz, Group A- Complete dentures, Group B-Removable partial dentures, Group C-Fixed partial dentures, Group D-single crowns. The morphometric and mandibular movement parameters were first measured in normal individuals and then in prosthodontically treated individuals with digital Vernier caliper directly and using putty index. Result and Conclusion: Conclusions drawn from the study are as follows A norm could be formulated both for morphometrics related to mandible and mandibular arch and for mandibular movements. The values obtained are relevant to individuals belonging to Bangalore and nearby areas. Opening and lateral movements can be measured directly in the incisal region using a pair of Vernier calipers. In order to measure the excursive movements in the posterior region and the protrusion in the anterior region, putty indices can be made which is a simple procedure that can be performed in a dental clinic. Prosthodontic treatment in general has a restrictive effect on mandibular movements. This observation has a limitation that the sample size is only 80. Mandibular movements can be reproduced in a computer using the graphic capabilities of coral draw. More precise data could be obtained if the inclusion of the treated individuals were restricted for the age. [Sanjay N NJIRM 2016; 7(4): 125-131]


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Adenomyoepithelioma of breast : report of a rare case

2016-10-05T18-09-54Z
Source: The Southeast Asian Journal of Case Report and Review
Dr Reena kouli.
Benign adenomyoepithelioma of the breast is a rare tumor characterized by biphasic proliferation of both an inner layer of epithelial cells and a prominent peripheral layer of myoepithelial cells. This entity may rarely progresses to a more malignant state or gives rise to metastasis. Accurate diagnosis and close follow up is essential for proper treatment of these tumors. We report a 15 year old girl who presented with large lump in the breast which was clinically mistaken for a giant fibroadenoma of breast. No nodes were palpable. On gross examination, a large lump 11x11x8 cm was noted which was well circumscribed, solid on cut section. On histopathologic examination the diagnosis of adenomyoepithelioma was made which was further supported by immunohistochemistry findings.


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Subcutaneous zygomycosis presenting as soft-tissue ‘tumour’ over scapula – case report and review of literature

2016-10-05T18-09-54Z
Source: The Southeast Asian Journal of Case Report and Review
Tarun Bali and Malhar N Kumar.
Subcutaneous zygomycosis due to Basidiobolus ranarum is endemic in India, especially in Southern India. This is a case report of animmunocompetent manual labourer who presented with a painless swelling overlying the left scapula. Preoperative imaging studies suggested the possibility of cavernous haemangioma. Excision biopsy was performed and gross as well as histopathological assessment showed it to be a fungal lesion (entomophthoromycosis). Culture of the affected tissue yielded B. ranarum. The patient was treated with potassium iodide and itraconazole and the lesion healed completely in 2 months.


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Spontaneous neonatal rectal perforation: A case for primary closure

2016-10-05T18-09-54Z
Source: The Southeast Asian Journal of Case Report and Review
Yogender kadian, Anjali verma.
Spontaneous perforation of the gastrointestinal tract in the neonate is rare. When it occurs it usually involves the stomach or the ileocaecal region. Perforation of the rectum in the neonate is usually caused by instruments being passed into it. We are hereby reporting a rare case of idiopathic rectal perforation and was successfully managed by primary closure.


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Evaluation of analgesic effect of Gentamicin in thermally induced pain models in rats and mice

2016-10-05T07-48-38Z
Source: National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Raghunatha Rao Ponnaluri, Bhanu Prakash Kolasani, Raghunandan Mudium.
Background: Evidence has accumulated for the involvement of calcium ions in nociception and N-type voltage-dependent calcium channels being critical for pain transduction and modulation. N-type calcium channel blockers represent a new class of analgesics that are selective for calcium channels involved in pain signal transmission. Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic was discovered to block these N-type voltage-dependent calcium channels. Aims and Objectives: The present study is to evaluate the analgesic activity of gentamicin in thermally induced pain models of rats and mice and compare it against the standard analgesic aspirin. Materials and methods: A total of 24 rats and 24 mice were distributed into four groups of 6 each: Group A received distilled water as control, Group B received Gentamicin- low dose (80 μg/kg), Group C received Gentamicin- high dose (160 μg/kg), and Group D received standard drug Aspirin (20 mg/kg in rats and 25 mg/kg in mice); all drugs were given intraperitoneally. Analgesic activity was determined using tail flick method and hot plate method. In both the methods, the mean reaction time (MRT) in seconds at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min among the four groups were noted in both rats and mice. The percentage increase in MRT was calculated which indicates the degree of analgesia produced. Results: In the tail flick test, increase in the MRT was statistically significant (P

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Automatic detection of coronaries ostia in computed tomography angiography volume data

2016-10-05T05-46-18Z
Source: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Noha Seada, Mostafa G. M. Mostafa.
Background: Heart coronaries emerge from the ascending aorta lateral sides from two points called the coronaries ostia. To automatically segment the heart coronaries; there must be a starting point (seed) for the segmentation. In this paper we present a fully automatic approach to segment the coronaries ostia towards automatic seeding for heart coronaries segmentation. Methods: Our algorithm takes as an input a CTA volume of segmented aorta cross sections that represents our region of interest. Then the ostia detection algorithm traverses that volume looking for the ostia points in an automatic fashion. The proposed algorithm depends on the anatomical features of the ostia. The main anatomic feature of the ostia is that it appears like a curvature or corner on the segmented ascending aorta cross section. Therefore we adopted in our methodology a modified version of Harris Corner Detection; besides inducing some anatomical features of the ostia location with respect to the aortic valve. Results: The proposed algorithm is tested and validated on the computed tomography angiography database provided by the Rotterdam coronary artery algorithm evaluation framework. The proposed automatic ostia detection algorithm succeeded to detect both ostia points in all the test cases. Also, the detected ostia points coordinates are validated versus a ground truth provided by the same framework with deviation between the results of the detection process and the ground truth having a min of 0 pixels and a max of 10 pixels for all test cases. Conclusions: Thus the proposed algorithm gives accurate results in comparison with the ground truth, which proves the efficiency of the proposed algorithm and its applicability to be extended as a seed for heart coronaries segmentation.


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Distally based split vastus lateralis myocutaneous flap for reconstruction of post electrical injury defects around knee joint

2016-10-05T05-46-18Z
Source: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Manish Zade, Jitendra Mehta, Dhananjay Nakade, Pawan Shahane.
Background: Large soft tissue defects around knee joint remains challenge to reconstructive surgeon due to limited size of local fasciocutaneous flap or muscles flaps and deeper recipient vessels for free flap. Presence of electrical injury further makes it difficult due to progressive necrosis of tissue and vessel damage. We present our experience with distally based split vastus lateralis myocutaneous flap for post electric burns large soft tissue defect over knee with open knee joint in three patients. Methods: Distally based split vastus lateralis myocutaneous flap was done in three patients for large soft tissue defects over knee secondary to electric contact burns. Two of the three patients had wound with open knee joint draining synovial fluid. All patients needed skin grafting for donor area of flap. Patients were followed up for functional outcome of knee and appearance of donor area. Results: Two out of three patients had uneventful recovery. One patient with skin paddle size 24 x 17 cm. developed necrosis of distal 2-3 cm. of skin and muscle which was managed by excision of necrosed flap with advancement. Donor area of flap was skin grafted in all three patients which healed without any complications. Postoperative knee function was normal in two patients. Conclusions: This new flap is a reliable option for extensive soft tissue defects around knee secondary to high voltage electric burns where free flap is challenging due to deeper location of recipient vessels and damage due to burn injury. Donor area in upper thigh remains hidden and is with no functional deficit.


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A comparative study of socio demographic profile, clinical profile and maternal outcome of caesarian section done in second stage of labour with elective caesarean section

2016-10-05T05-46-18Z
Source: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Vrinda Menon P. S., Reeti Rajan.
Background: Today caesarean section is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures. But caesarean section is associated with a great deal of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. In general unplanned or emergency caesarean section has increased risk than elective caesarean section. Objectives of the study were to compare the socio demographic and clinical profile of antenatal women undergoing caesarian section in second stage of labour with elective caesarian section and to compare the maternal outcomes (morbidity and mortality) when caesarian section is done in second stage of labour with elective caesarean section. Methods: This was a comparative study done at a tertiary care centre in south Kerala for a period of 18 months which compared two groups. Group 1 which included pregnant women who required emergency caesarean section during second stage of labour and group 2 including pregnant women who required elective caesarean. Demographic and clinical profile collected. Sample size was 145 each from both groups with total of 290. Results: Intra operative complications (31% versus 17.9%), febrile morbidity (15% versus 10%), urinary retention (2.1% versus nil) PPH (2.8% versus 0.7%), post op infections (19.3% versus 9.7%), Blood transfusions (13% versus 0.4%) were significantly more with emergency caesarean sections done in second stage of labour. However increased maternal risks associated with unplanned caesarean sections do not in general justify, elective caesarean to avoid the risks of emergency surgery. Conclusions: It is concluded that postoperative morbidity are more with emergency caesarean done at full cervical dilatation. The commonest one being febrile morbidity and then urinary retention.


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Utility of sequential organ failure assessment score in prognosticating sick children in pediatric intensive care unit

2016-10-05T01-00-21Z
Source: International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics
Priya Gogia, Sunita Prasad.
Background: This study was designed to assess the utility of sequential organ failure assessment score (SOFA) score as a predictor of mortality in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods: A prospective hospital based study was carried out in PICU of Gajra Raja medical college, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. Critically ill patients admitted to PICU were recruited and followed up until they were discharged or deceased. The SOFA score was calculated for all the subjects during first 24 and 72 hours and difference between both i.e. delta SOFA was calculated. Results: The mean SOFA at 72 hours (T72) was 15.63±2.98 in non-survivors vs. 4.30±2.54 in survivors and was significantly higher (P


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Assessment of nutritional status and the variables affecting the nutritional status of human immunodeficiency virus positive children in antiretroviral therapy centre of J. A. group of hospitals, Gajra Raja medical college, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

2016-10-05T01-00-21Z
Source: International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics
Priya Gogia, Ravi Ambey, Saumya Sahu.
Background: HIV-infected children are undernourished; an improvement in their nutritional status may significantly decrease their morbidity. Thus, determining the etiology and temporal course of malnutrition in children with HIV infection will be important for early intervention and development of re-feeding regimens. This cross-sectional study describes the nutritional status and the variables affecting it, among the children made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status of the HIV positive children, and to study the variables affecting the nutritional status of HIV positive children. Methods: The study involved 84 HIV positive children of 18 months - 18 years age group in the ART centre of J. A. group of hospital, Gajra Raja medical college, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. Anthropometric measurements, birth and maternal characteristics, socio-economic and immunization profile, past illness were recorded. Z-scores were generated using WHO standards as indicators of nutritional status and variables were assessed by suitable statistical test. Results: Prevalence of under nutrition is very high particularly moderate and severe stunting (76.19%), moderate and severe underweight (71.42%), and moderate and severe wasting (38.09%) in under five years HIV positive children. While low height for age was observed in 60.31%, low weight for age in 34.92%, and low BMI for age was recorded in 20.63%, in 6-18 years age group. Besides HIV status, other significant determinants of nutritional outcomes include child factors, birth related factors, maternal level factors, socio-economic and past history of illness. Conclusions: This study documents poor nutritional status among HIV positive children of 18 months-18 years age group. HIV is an independent and non-modifiable risk factor for poor nutritional outcomes in those who are already infected but an improvement in their nutritional status may significantly decrease their morbidity. Early pediatric HIV testing of exposed or at risk children, followed by appropriate health care for infected children with integration of other child survival interventions like immunization, community participation may improve their nutritional status and survival.


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