Publication date: June 2018
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 186
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Publication date: June 2018
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 186
Author(s): J. Guillén, N.A. Beresford, A. Baeza, M. Izquierdo, M.D. Wood, A. Salas, A. Muñoz-Serrano, J.M. Corrales-Vázquez, J.G. Muñoz-Muñoz
A system for the radiological protection of the environment (or wildlife) based on Reference Animals and Plants (RAPs) has been suggested by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). To assess whole-body activity concentrations for RAPs and the resultant internal dose rates, transfer parameters are required. However, transfer values specifically for the taxonomic families defined for the RAPs are often sparse and furthermore can be extremely site dependent. There is also a considerable geographical bias within available transfer data, with few data for Mediterranean ecosystems. In the present work, stable element concentrations (I, Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, P, S, K. Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb and U) in terrestrial RAPs, and the corresponding whole-body concentration ratios, CRwo, were determined in two different Mediterranean ecosystems: a Pinewood and a Dehesa (grassland with disperse tree cover). The RAPs considered in the Pinewood ecosystem were Pine Tree and Wild Grass; whereas in the Dehesa ecosystem those considered were Deer, Rat, Earthworm, Bee, Frog, Duck and Wild Grass. The CRwo values estimated from these data are compared to those reported in international compilations and databases.
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Publication date: June 2018
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 186
Author(s): Bertil R.R. Persson, Runhild Gjelsvik, Elis Holm
This work deals with analysis and modelling of the radionuclides 210Pb and210Po in the food-chain lichen-reindeer-man in addition to 210Po and 137Cs in top predators. By using the methods of Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) the atmospheric deposition of 210Pb and 210Po is predicted at the sample locations. Dynamic modelling of the activity concentration with differential equations is fitted to the sample data. Reindeer lichen consumption, gastrointestinal absorption, organ distribution and elimination is derived from information in the literature. Dynamic modelling of transfer of 210Pb and 210Po to reindeer meat, liver and bone from lichen consumption, fitted well with data from Sweden and Finland from 1966 to 1971. The activity concentration of 210Pb in the skeleton in man is modelled by using the results of studying the kinetics of lead in skeleton and blood in lead-workers after end of occupational exposure. The result of modelling 210Pb and 210Po activity in skeleton matched well with concentrations of 210Pb and 210Po in teeth from reindeer-breeders and autopsy bone samples in Finland.The results of 210Po and 137Cs in different tissues of wolf, wolverine and lynx previously published, are analysed with multivariate data processing methods such as Principal Component Analysis PCA, and modelled with the method of Projection to Latent Structures, PLS, or Partial Least Square Regression PLSR.
Publication date: June 2018
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 186
Author(s): V.N. Golosov, D.E. Walling, A.V. Konoplev, M.M. Ivanov, A.G. Sharifullin
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Publication date: June 2018
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 186
Author(s): Brit Salbu, Valery Kashparov, Ole Christian Lind, Rafael Garcia-Tenorio, Mathew P. Johansen, David P. Child, Per Roos, Carlos Sancho
A series of different nuclear sources associated with the nuclear weapon and fuel cycles have contributed to the release of radioactive particles to the environment. Following nuclear weapon tests, safety tests, conventional destruction of weapons, reactor explosions and fires, a major fraction of released refractory radionuclides such as uranium (U) and plutonium (Pu) were present as entities ranging from sub microns to fragments. Furthermore, radioactive particles and colloids have been released from reprocessing facilities and civil reactors, from radioactive waste dumped at sea, and from NORM sites. Thus, whenever refractory radionuclides are released to the environment following nuclear events, radioactive particles should be expected.Results from many years of research have shown that particle characteristics such as elemental composition depend on the source, while characteristics such as particle size distribution, structure, and oxidation state influencing ecosystem transfer depend also on the release scenarios. When radioactive particles are deposited in the environment, weathering processes occur and associated radionuclides are subsequently mobilized, changing the apparent Kd. Thus, particles retained in soils or sediments are unevenly distributed, and dissolution of radionuclides from particles may be partial. For areas affected by particle contamination, the inventories can therefore be underestimated, and impact and risk assessments may suffer from unacceptable large uncertainties if radioactive particles are ignored. To integrate radioactive particles into environmental impact assessments, key challenges include the linking of particle characteristics to specific sources, to ecosystem transfer, and to uptake and retention in biological systems. To elucidate these issues, the EC-funded COMET and RATE projects and the IAEA Coordinated Research Program on particles have revisited selected contaminated sites and archive samples. This COMET position paper summarizes new knowledge on key sources that have contributed to particle releases, including particle characteristics based on advanced techniques, with emphasis on particle weathering processes as well as on heterogeneities in biological samples to evaluate potential uptake and retention of radioactive particles.
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Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018
Source:Radiotherapy and Oncology
Author(s): Adam Michał Czerwiński, Barbara Więckowska
Background and purposeExternal beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is one of three key treatment modalities of cancer patients. Its utilisation and outcomes depend on a plethora of variables, one of which is the distance a patient must travel to undergo the treatment. The relation between distance and utilisation is clearly visible in Poland. At the same time no strategic investment plan is observed. This work proposes a method of resolving these two issues.Materials and methodsWe propose a mixed-integer linear programming model that aims to optimise the distribution of linear accelerators among selected locations in such a way that a patient's journey to the nearest EBRT is as short as possible. The optimisation is done with observance of international guidelines concerning EBRT capacity. With the use of proposed theoretical framework, we develop a national, strategic plan for linear accelerator investments.ResultsAccording to model assumptions decentralisation of EBRT, together with new equipment purchases, is required to ensure optimal access to EBRT.ConclusionsThe results were incorporated into Healthcare Needs Maps for Poland. The plan based on the results of this study, implemented by 2025, should deal with the most pressing concerns of Polish EBRT.
from Imaging via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2sRxNDt
External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is one of three key treatment modalities of cancer patients. Its utilisation and outcomes depend on a plethora of variables, one of which is the distance a patient must travel to undergo the treatment. The relation between distance and utilisation is clearly visible in Poland. At the same time no strategic investment plan is observed. This work proposes a method of resolving these two issues.
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To assess the diagnostic performance of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion magnetic resonance perfusion imaging (DSC-MRI) for in vivo human glioma molecular profiling.
In this study 100 patients with histopathologically confirmed glioma who provided written informed consent were retrospectively assessed between January 2016 and February 2017 in two prospective trials that were approved by the local institutional review board. Cerebral blood volume (CBV) measurements from DSC-MRI were assessed, and histogram parameters of relative CBV (rCBV) results were compared among World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 based histological findings and molecular characteristics. A classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm with 10-fold cross-validation was used to calculate the diagnostic accuracy.
The 90th percentile (C90) of rCBV was significantly lower in patients with the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) mutation (2.86 ± 1.21; p < 0.001) and loss of alpha-thalassemia mental retardation syndrome X‑linked (ATRX) expression (2.23 ± 0.91; p < 0.001) than in those with the IDH1/2 wild type (4.78 ± 2.34) and maintained ATRX expression (4.30 ± 2.02). The standard deviation (SD) of rCBV was significantly higher in glioblastoma (GBM) with methylated O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT; 1.99 ± 0.73; p = 0.001) than in those with unmethylated MGMT (1.20 ± 0.45). In CART analysis, rCBV predicted the molecular subgroup in 76.3% of astroglial tumors; however, the diagnostic performance was reduced to 48.1% by including oligodendrogliomas with chromosome 1p/19q co-deletion in the analysis due to substantial overlap of rCBV values between OD1p/19q-LOH and IDHwt GBM.
The DSC-MRI procedure may provide insight into the IDH1/2 mutation and ATRX expression status and MGMT methylation profile of diffuse glioma; however, taking integrated oligodendroglioma into account limits the diagnostic performance of rCBV in non-invasively predicting the molecular subtype.
Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018
Source:Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology
Author(s): Rene Martinez, Constanza Marin, Sven Niklander, Maureen Marshall, Wilfredo Alejandro Gonzalez-Arriagada
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Publication date: Available online 19 February 2018
Source:Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology
Author(s): Panagiotis Dragonas, Linda M. Kaste, Martha Nunn, Praveen K. Gajendrareddy, Kathleen M. Weber, Mardge Cohen, Oluwatoyin M. Adeyemi, Audrey L. French, Herve Y. Sroussi
AimTo test a hypothesized positive association between low Vitamin D (VitD) serum levels and the severity of periodontal disease in HIV-infected women.Materials and MethodsThis is a cross sectional secondary analysis of data from an oral substudy conducted within the Chicago site of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Serum VitD levels and clinical attachment loss measurements were available for 74 HIV-infected women. VitD levels were treated as both continuous and categorical variables in bivariate and multivariate analyses. Mean clinical attachment loss (mCAL) was determined for each subject by averaging measurements taken at 4 sites in each measured tooth.ResultsAverage age of study participants (n=74) was 39.6 years (SD 7.2) and the majority were African-American (70.3%) and VitD deficient (58.1%). VitD deficiency was positively associated with higher mCAL (p=.012). With adjustment for race, age, smoking, HIV viral load, an association was found between VitD deficiency and mCAL (Beta 0.438, p=0.036).ConclusionsWe identified a previously unreported association between VitD deficiency and mCAL in HIV-infected women. Larger and more inclusive multisite longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate whether these findings generalize to all HIV infected individuals in the current treatment era and to determine causality.
from Imaging via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2oo2UAP
Imaging Pediatric Appendicitis: Time to Put the Discussion to Bed?
Radiology. 2018 Mar;286(3):1030-1032
Authors: van Rijn RR
PMID: 29461956 [PubMed - in process]
Deep Learning of Radiology Reports for Pulmonary Embolus: Is a Computer Reading My Report?
Radiology. 2018 Mar;286(3):853-855
Authors: Krupinski EA
PMID: 29461955 [PubMed - in process]
Is CT Colonography Better Tolerated than Flexible Sigmoidoscopy for Colorectal Cancer Screening?
Radiology. 2018 Mar;286(3):884-886
Authors: Taylor SA, von Wagner C
PMID: 29461954 [PubMed - in process]
Can Machine Learning Be Used to Generate a Model to Improve Management of High-Risk Breast Lesions?
Radiology. 2018 Mar;286(3):819-821
Authors: Shaffer K
PMID: 29461953 [PubMed - in process]
The Power of Publishing.
Radiology. 2018 Mar;286(3):735-736
Authors: Bluemke DA
PMID: 29461952 [PubMed - in process]
Football and the Brain: Does Career Duration Provide Protective Effects?
Radiology. 2018 Mar;286(3):978-980
Authors: Maldjian JA
PMID: 29461951 [PubMed - in process]
Immediate Allergic Reactions to Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents.
Radiology. 2018 Mar;286(3):1094-1095
Authors: Raynaud JS, Darmon-Kern E, Lancelot E, Desché P
PMID: 29461950 [PubMed - in process]
Quantitative Elastography Methods in Liver Disease: Current Evidence and Future Directions.
Radiology. 2018 Mar;286(3):738-763
Authors: Kennedy P, Wagner M, Castéra L, Hong CW, Johnson CL, Sirlin CB, Taouli B
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases often result in the development of liver fibrosis and ultimately, cirrhosis. Treatment strategies and prognosis differ greatly depending on the severity of liver fibrosis, thus liver fibrosis staging is clinically relevant. Traditionally, liver biopsy has been the method of choice for fibrosis evaluation. Because of liver biopsy limitations, noninvasive methods have become a key research interest in the field. Elastography enables the noninvasive measurement of tissue mechanical properties through observation of shear-wave propagation in the tissue of interest. Increasing fibrosis stage is associated with increased liver stiffness, providing a discriminatory feature that can be exploited by elastographic methods. Ultrasonographic (US) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging elastographic methods are commercially available, each with their respective strengths and limitations. Here, the authors review the technical basis, acquisition techniques, and results and limitations of US- and MR-based elastography techniques. Diagnostic performance in the most common etiologies of chronic liver disease will be presented. Reliability, reproducibility, failure rate, and emerging advances will be discussed. © RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
PMID: 29461949 [PubMed - in process]
Case 251: Nontraumatic Drug-associated Rhabdomyolysis of Head and Neck Muscles.
Radiology. 2018 Mar;286(3):1088-1092
Authors: Debelmas A, Benchetrit D, Galanaud D, Khonsari RH
Abstract
History A 21-year-old man with a history of abuse of multiple drugs and mild cognitive impairment who initially underwent treatment for excited delirium developed respiratory arrest shortly after admission and was successfully resuscitated. Unenhanced computed tomography (CT) of the head and neck and contrast material-enhanced CT of the chest, abdomen, pelvis, and complete spine were performed shortly after the initial treatment. Head and neck magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed 24 hours after admission. No other abnormalities were noted. There were no fractures, and there was no vascular injury in the head and neck region. The patient had no external neck injuries, congestion, or petechiae suggesting neck compression. He had no history of chronic or recurrent pain or skin rash. Urine testing was positive for cocaine, cannabis, and methamphetamine. Serum creatine kinase level was initially high (31 117 U/L [520 μkat/L]; normal, 1000 U/L [16.7 μkat/L]). Corrected calcium level was 2.22 mmol/L, and ionized calcium level was 1.09 mmol/L (lower end of the normal range). There was no acute renal failure at the initial phase, but serum creatinine levels reached 180 µmol/L 24 hours after admission, and creatine kinase peaked at 61 000 U/L [1019 μkat/L]. Urine was initially red, but the patient was not tested for myoglobinuria.
PMID: 29461948 [PubMed - in process]
Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer by Using Abbreviated Biparametric Prostate MR Imaging.
Radiology. 2018 Mar;286(3):1093-1094
Authors: Ueno Y, Tamada T, Takahashi S
PMID: 29461947 [PubMed - in process]
2018 RSNA Leadership.
Radiology. 2018 Mar;286(3):733-734
Authors:
PMID: 29461946 [PubMed - in process]
Case 255.
Radiology. 2018 Mar;286(3):1084-1087
Authors: Yong AM, Tambyah PA
PMID: 29461945 [PubMed - in process]
Cervical Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion versus Pseudo-Occlusion: Can CT Angiography Help Distinguish These in the Acute Stroke Setting?
Radiology. 2018 Mar;286(3):1095-1096
Authors: Lev MH
PMID: 29461944 [PubMed - in process]
Radiomics Based on Adapted Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Helps to Clarify Most Mammographic Findings Suspicious for Cancer.
Radiology. 2018 Feb 20;:170273
Authors: Bickelhaupt S, Jaeger PF, Laun FB, Lederer W, Daniel H, Kuder TA, Wuesthof L, Paech D, Bonekamp D, Radbruch A, Delorme S, Schlemmer HP, Steudle FH, Maier-Hein KH
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate a radiomics model of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4 and 5 breast lesions extracted from breast-tissue-optimized kurtosis magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for lesion characterization by using a sensitivity threshold similar to that of biopsy. Materials and Methods This institutional study included 222 women at two independent study sites (site 1: training set of 95 patients; mean age ± standard deviation, 58.6 years ± 6.6; 61 malignant and 34 benign lesions; site 2: independent test set of 127 patients; mean age, 58.2 years ± 6.8; 61 malignant and 66 benign lesions). All women presented with a finding suspicious for cancer at x-ray mammography (BI-RADS 4 or 5) and an indication for biopsy. Before biopsy, diffusion-weighted MR imaging (b values, 0-1500 sec/mm2) was performed by using 1.5-T imagers from different MR imaging vendors. Lesions were segmented and voxel-based kurtosis fitting adapted to account for fat signal contamination was performed. A radiomics feature model was developed by using a random forest regressor. The fixed model was tested on an independent test set. Conventional interpretations of MR imaging were also assessed for comparison. Results The radiomics feature model reduced false-positive results from 66 to 20 (specificity 70.0% [46 of 66]) at the predefined sensitivity of greater than 98.0% [60 of 61] in the independent test set, with BI-RADS 4a and 4b lesions benefiting from the analysis (specificity 74.0%, [37 of 50]; 60.0% [nine of 15]) and BI-RADS 5 lesions showing no added benefit. The model significantly improved specificity compared with the median apparent diffusion coefficient (P < .001) and apparent kurtosis coefficient (P = .02) alone. Conventional reading of dynamic contrast material-enhanced MR imaging provided sensitivity of 91.8% (56 of 61) and a specificity of 74.2% (49 of 66). Accounting for fat signal intensity during fitting significantly improved the area under the curve of the model (P = .001). Conclusion A radiomics model based on kurtosis diffusion-weighted imaging performed by using MR imaging machines from different vendors allowed for reliable differentiation between malignant and benign breast lesions in both a training and an independent test data set. © RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
PMID: 29461172 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Effects of Common Ear Drops on Tympanic Membrane Healing in Rats.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018 Feb 01;:194599818757972
Authors: Dirain CO, Kosko B, Antonelli PJ
Abstract
Objective Ciprofloxacin + dexamethasone ear drops have been associated with higher rates of tympanic membrane perforations than ofloxacin. This was thought to be an effect of the steroid; however, ciprofloxacin (sans steroid) has been found to be more toxic to tympanic membrane fibroblasts than ofloxacin in vitro. This study aimed to compare the effect of these agents on tympanic membrane healing in vivo. Study Design Controlled animal study. Setting Academic research laboratory. Methods Perforations were created in 54 rats with a carbon dioxide laser. Rats were randomized to 6 groups (9/group), with 1 ear receiving ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, dexamethasone, ofloxacin + dexamethasone, ciprofloxacin + dexamethasone, or neomycin, and the contralateral ear receiving saline twice daily for 10 days. Healing was assessed over 40 days. Results Ofloxacin did not delay healing relative to saline. All other treatments delayed healing relative to ofloxacin at day 10 ( P < .0001). Dexamethasone and ofloxacin + dexamethasone delayed healing up to day 14 ( P < .0001). Neomycin and ciprofloxacin + dexamethasone further delayed healing up to day 28 ( P = .009) and day 35 ( P = .043), respectively. All eardrums healed by day 10 with ofloxacin, day 20 with ciprofloxacin, day 28 for dexamethasone, and day 35 for ofloxacin + dexamethasone. At day 40, 2 of 9 ciprofloxacin + dexamethasone-treated eardrums had not healed. All saline-treated eardrums in the ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, dexamethasone, and ofloxacin + dexamethasone groups were healed by day 14, but this was delayed to day 20 in the ciprofloxacin + dexamethasone group ( P = .007). Conclusions Ototopical quinolones delay rat tympanic membrane healing in a drug-specific manner, with ciprofloxacin having a greater impact than ofloxacin. This effect is potentiated by steroids.
PMID: 29460666 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The performance of the present-day scanning electron microscopy (SEM) extends far beyond delivering electronic images of the surface topography. Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel is on of the most promising materials for the future nuclear fusion reactor because of its good radiation resistance, and higher operation temperature up to 750°C. The microstructure of ODS should not exceed tens of nm, therefore there is a strong need in a fast and reliable technique for their characterization. In this work, the results of low-kV SEM characterization of nanoprecipitates formed in the ODS matrix are presented. Application of highly sensitive photo-diode BSE detector in SEM imaging allowed for the registration of single nm-sized precipitates in the vicinity of the ODS alloys. The composition of the precipitates has been confirmed by TEM-EDS.
The nm-sized precipitates in the Oxide dispersion strengthened steels alloys registered with photo-diode BSE detector scanning electron microscopy overlarge area, with no complex preparation as for TEM. Low-kV observation revealed at least two different phases of precipitates, confirmed with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy measurements
Risk Factors for Recurrence After Treatment of N1b Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.
Ann Surg. 2018 Feb 16;:
Authors: Lee SH, Roh JL, Gong G, Cho KJ, Choi SH, Nam SY, Kim SY
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To examine risk factors for posttreatment recurrence in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients with initial presentation of lateral neck metastasis (N1b).
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: N1b PTC recurs after definitive treatment.
METHODS: Study subjects were 437 consecutive PTC patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and therapeutic neck dissection of central and lateral compartments and postoperative radioactive iodine ablation therapy. The patients' demographics and pathological factors, including factors related to tumors and lymph nodes (LNs), and postoperative thyroglobulin levels were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS).
RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 83 months (range, 32-135 months), recurrence occurred in 81 (18.1%) patients. Univariate analyses showed that male sex, tumor size, macroscopic extrathyroidal extension, perineural invasion, extranodal extension, LN involvement, LN ratio, MACIS score, and postoperative serum levels of thyroglobulin were significantly associated with RFS (P < 0.05). Multivariate analyses revealed that LN ratio (> 0.25) in the lateral compartment (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.099, 95% confidence interval = 1.278-3.448; P = 0.003), and postoperative serum levels of stimulated (>5.0 ng/mL; 3.172, 1.661-6.056, P < 0.001) and unstimulated (>0.1 ng/mL; 3.200, 1.569-6.526, P = 0.001) thyroglobulin were independent predictors of any-site RFS. Clinical and tumor factors were not independent predictors of RFS outcomes (P > 0.1).
CONCLUSIONS: Posttreatment recurrence is predicted by the LN ratio in the lateral compartment and postoperative serum levels of thyroglobulin in patients with metastatic PTC in the lateral neck.
PMID: 29462007 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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High-resolution 129I bomb peak profile in an ice core from SE-Dome site, Greenland.
J Environ Radioact. 2018 Apr;184-185:14-21
Authors: Bautista AT, Miyake Y, Matsuzaki H, Iizuka Y, Horiuchi K
Abstract
129I in natural archives, such as ice cores, can be used as a proxy for human nuclear activities, age marker, and environmental tracer. Currently, there is only one published record of 129I in ice core (i.e., from Fiescherhorn Glacier, Swiss Alps) and its limited time resolution (1-2 years) prevents the full use of 129I for the mentioned applications. Here we show 129I concentrations in an ice core from SE-Dome, Greenland, covering years 1956-1976 at a time resolution of ∼6 months, the most detailed record to date. Results revealed 129I bomb peaks in years 1959, 1962, and 1963, associated to tests performed by the former Soviet Union, one year prior, in its Novaya Zemlya test site. All 129I bomb peaks were observed in winter (1958.9, 1962.1, and 1963.0), while tritium bomb peaks, another prominent radionuclide associated with nuclear bomb testing, were observed in spring or summer (1959.3, and 1963.6; Iizuka et al., 2017). These results indicate that 129I bomb peaks can be used as annual and seasonal age markers for these years. Furthermore, we found that 129I recorded nuclear fuel reprocessing signals and that these can be potentially used to correct timing of estimated 129I releases during years 1964-1976. Comparisons with other published records of 129I in natural archives showed that 129I can be used as common age marker and tracer for different types of records. Most notably, the 1963 129I bomb peak can be used as common age marker for ice and coral cores, providing the means to reconcile age models and associated trends from the polar and tropical regions, respectively.
PMID: 29331558 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
 | Related Articles |
Estimation of counting efficiencies of a portable NaI detector using Monte Carlo simulation for thyroid measurement following nuclear accidents.
J Radiol Prot. 2017 Sep 25;37(3):635-641
Authors: Ha WH, Kim JK, Jin YW
Abstract
Radioiodine can be released in nuclear accidents and can cause internal contamination of the thyroid gland in members of the public. For population monitoring in radiation emergencies, measurement of counting efficiency is very important to accurately determine thyroid activity. Here, we estimate the counting efficiencies of a portable NaI detector using Monte Carlo simulations. Two different types of neck phantoms and a 7.62 cm long by 7.62 cm diameter NaI detector were modeled and the counting efficiencies were calculated depending on the thyroid size and distance from the neck phantom to the detector. We found that distance is a more important parameter than thyroid size. The optimal distance of the NaI detector from the neck surface was determined to be greater than 12 cm, beyond which the counting efficiency was not affected by thyroid size.
PMID: 28474600 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Protein kinase D1 regulates subcellular localisation and metastatic function of metastasis-associated protein 1
Protein kinase D1 regulates subcellular localisation and metastatic function of metastasis-associated protein 1, Published online: 20 February 2018; doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.431
Protein kinase D1 regulates subcellular localisation and metastatic function of metastasis-associated protein 1Protein kinase D1: gatekeeper of the epithelial phenotype and key regulator of cancer metastasis?
Protein kinase D1: gatekeeper of the epithelial phenotype and key regulator of cancer metastasis?, Published online: 20 February 2018; doi:10.1038/bjc.2018.1
Protein kinase D1: gatekeeper of the epithelial phenotype and key regulator of cancer metastasis?IJERPH, Vol. 15, Pages 367: Managing Risk Aversion for Low-Carbon Supply Chains with Emission Abatement Outsourcing
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health doi: 10.3390/ijerph15020367
Authors: Qinpeng Wang Longfei He
Reducing carbon emissions, including emission abatement outsourcing at the supply-chain level, is becoming a significant but challenging problem in practice. Confronting this challenge, we therefore break down the practice to focus on a low-carbon supply chain consisting of one supplier, one manufacturer and one third-party emission-reducing contractor. The contractor offers a carbon reduction service to the manufacturer. In view of the increasing proportion of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions and absence of carbon reduction policies in developing countries, we adopt the prospect of consumers’ low-carbon preferences to capture the demand sensitivity on carbon emission. By exploiting the Mean-Variance (MV) model, we develop a supply chain game model considering risk aversion. Comparing the supply chain performances of the cases under risk neutrality and risk aversion, we investigate the impact of the risk aversion of the supplier and the manufacturer on the low-carbon supply chain performances, respectively. We show that the risk aversion of chain members will not influence the relationship underlain by the profit-sharing contract between the manufacturer and contractor, whereas they may extend the supplier’s concerning range. Although the manufacturer’s risk aversion has a positive impact on the wholesale price, interestingly, the supplier’s impact on the wholesale price is negative. Furthermore, we propose a contract to coordinate the risk-averse low-carbon supply chain by tuning the aversion levels of the supplier and the manufacturer, respectively. Through numerical study, we draw on managerial insights for industrial practitioners to adopt a low carbon strategy potentially by managing the risk attitudes along the supply chain channel.
