The aim was to examine the feasibility of a dynamic tumor-tracking volumetric modulated arc therapy (DTT-VMAT) technique using a gimbal-mounted linac and assess its positional, mechanical and dosimetric accuracy.
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Σάββατο 11 Νοεμβρίου 2017
Geometric and dosimetric accuracy of dynamic tumor tracking during volumetric-modulated arc therapy using a gimbal mounted linac
The effects of Icariin on wound healing of extraction sites with administration of Zoledronic and Dexamethasone: A rat model study
Abstract
Objective
This study was intended to investigate the effects of Icariin on the healing of tooth extraction sites under systemic administration of Zoledronic and Dexamethasone.
Method
Thirty female rats underwent bilateral ovariectomy and were randomly assigned to 5 groups: SS group received weekly injection of saline while ZD, ZD+LICA, ZD+MICA and ZD+HICA groups received Zoledronic with Dexamethasone for 8 weeks. One week later, mandibular first molars were extracted in all groups. Then 30, 60, 120mg/kg Icariin were intragastricly given to ZD+LICA, ZD+MICA and ZD+HICA groups daily for 10 weeks while saline was given to SS group and ZD group. Blood samples and mandibles were harvested for examinations after 10 weeks.
Results
Significantly smaller wound area was noted in SS and ZD+HICA groups but the incidence of bisphosphonates-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) was not significantly different. Groups injected with Zoledronic and Dexamethasone had higher C-terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b) and the number of osteoclast cells, with less vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and osteocalcin (OCN). In contrast, CTX-1, TRACP 5b and the number of osteoclast cells declined after using Icariin and promoted VEGF and OCN were noted; and the effects were in a dosage-dependent manner.
Conclusion
Concurrent use of Zoledronic and Dexamethasone inhibits expression of VEGF, OCN and wound healing; and increases the number of osteoclast cells, serum CTX-1 and TRACP-5b after discontinuation for ten weeks. Icariin weakens those effects at a dose-dependent manner but does not influence onset of BRONJ.
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Sensory recovery of myomucosal flap oral cavity reconstructions
Abstract
Background
Sensory restoration of the oral cavity is a primary aim of reconstructive surgery in posttraumatic or postablative defects. Sensitivity plays a key role in oral function, whose impairment strongly affects the patient's quality of life. Cheek myomucosal flaps provide a reliable and tissue-like reconstruction of these regions but their sensitive recovery, which we still know little about, deserves thorough assessment.
Methods
In this retrospective study, the myomucosal cheek flaps were tested for different aspects of sensory recovery: touch; 2-point discrimination; pain; sharp/smooth discrimination; ability to feel hot/cold stimulus; stereognosis; and taste.
Results
Fifty-two myomucosal flap reconstructions were investigated. All sensitivity tests showed positive results. When comparison was possible, sensitivity seemed significantly close to the contralateral healthy side. Sensory recovery proved to be even better than that reported on reinnervated microvascular free flap reconstructions of the oral cavity.
Conclusion
Myomucosal flap reconstruction demonstrated a high degree of sensory recovery.
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Patterns of vascularization and surgical morbidity in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: A case series, systematic review, and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background
Vascular patterns of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) are poorly defined. We performed both institutional and systematic literature reviews to characterize the relationship between arterial supply patterns of JNA with intraoperative blood loss and tumor recurrence.
Methods
A retrospective review of 26 patients with JNA treated at our institution from 1995 to 2015 with available angiograms, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses of 828 JNA cases undergoing angiographic embolization published between 1995 and 2015 were completed per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
Results
The systematic review (828 cases) found internal carotid artery (ICA) supply in 35.6% of tumors, and 30.8% of tumors received bilateral vascular supply. Our institutional data (n = 26) indicated 69% had bilateral supply. Meta-analysis of data from 5 studies demonstrated ICA/bilateral arterial supply is predictive of increased operative blood loss (P < .01).
Conclusion
Complex vascular contributions to JNA are frequent, underreported, and portends increased blood loss. This information can justifiably be included in staging systems to enhance prognostic counseling of patients.
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Dose-finding and efficacy confirmation trial of the superselective intra-arterial infusion of cisplatin and concomitant radiotherapy for locally advanced maxillary sinus cancer (Japan Clinical Oncology Group 1212): Dose-finding phase
Abstract
Background
We are currently undertaking a multi-institutional prospective trial of the superselective intra-arterial infusion of high-dose cisplatin with concomitant radiotherapy for patients with T4aN0M0 or T4bN0M0 locally advanced maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). We herein report the results of the dose-finding phase.
Methods
The dose-finding phase sought to evaluate the incidence of dose-limiting toxicities and determine the recommended number of cycles of the intra-arterial infusion of cisplatin. In this phase, 100 mg/m2 of cisplatin was administered intra-arterially weekly for 7 weeks with concomitant radiotherapy (70 Gy).
Results
All 18 patients received a full dose of radiotherapy. The number of cycles of cisplatin was 7 in 13 patients and 6 in 5 patients. The dose-limiting toxicities were observed in 5 patients.
Conclusion
These results indicated that this therapy is safe and well-tolerated at 7 cycles of cisplatin, which was determined to be the recommended number of cycles for locally advanced maxillary sinus SCC.
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Flexible next-generation robotic surgical system for transoral endoscopic hypopharyngectomy: A comparative preclinical study
Abstract
Background
The purpose of this cadaveric study was to determine the efficacy of a flexible, next-generation robotic surgical system for transoral robotic hypopharyngectomy.
Methods
A comparative evaluation study of the flexible versus rigid robotic surgical systems for the hypopharynx was conducted using 3 cadavers. Endpoints for assessment were visualization of the hypopharynx, access to the hypopharynx, and difficulty of dissection. Hypopharyngectomy was performed on 3 other cadavers using the da Vinci Sp surgical system.
Results
Access to the apex of the pyriform sinus and the esophageal inlet was easier with the da Vinci Sp than with the da Vinci Si. Dissection with the da Vinci Sp was easier in all areas of the hypopharynx than with the da Vinci Si. Robotic hypopharyngectomy was successfully completed on all cadavers using the da Vinci Sp surgical system.
Conclusion
Preclinical testing in human cadavers suggests that flexible robotic surgery may facilitate successful transoral hypopharyngectomy.
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Renal cancer at unenhanced CT: imaging features, detection rates, and outcomes
Abstract
Purpose
To describe and quantify the rate of detection of renal cancer on unenhanced CT.
Methods
This retrospective, HIPAA-compliant study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Electronic health records for all patients who underwent unenhanced abdominal CT at our institution between 2000 and 2005 were reviewed to identify patients subsequently diagnosed with renal cancer during a follow-up period of up to 12 years. Images were reviewed to determine if the cancer was visible at index (first) unenhanced CT and their findings recorded. Original radiology reports were reviewed to determine whether the renal cancer was reported; Fisher’s Exact Test compared imaging features of detected and missed cancers. Clinical outcomes including time until diagnosis and stage at diagnosis were used to assess the potential impact of missed cancers.
Results
Of 15,695 patients, 82 (0.52%) were diagnosed with renal cancer. Of these, 43/82 (52%) cancers were retrospectively detectable on index unenhanced CT. Among retrospectively detectable cancers, 63% (27/43) were originally detected and reported on index CT and 37% (16/43) were missed. Size was the only feature associated with detection; 83% (20/24) of cancers > 3.0 cm were detected versus 37% (7/19) of cancers ≤ 3.0 cm (p = 0.0036). Although none of the 16 missed renal cancers developed metastases between index CT and time of diagnosis (median 33.5 months), 4 (25%) progressed in stage.
Conclusions
Renal cancer was rare in patients undergoing unenhanced abdominal CT. Over one-third of potentially detectable cancers were missed prospectively. However, missed cancers did not metastasize and infrequently progressed in stage before being diagnosed.
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Improvement of in-situ gamma spectrometry methods by Monte-Carlo simulations
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
Author(s): Dusan Mrdja, Kristina Bikit, Sofija Forkapic, Istvan Bikit, Jaroslav Slivka, Jan Hansman
Performing in-situ measurements of gamma radiation originating from soil requires adequate detection efficiency curves, which can be obtained by Monte-Carlo simulations. In simulations, soil density of 1.046 g/cm3 was used, with the following elemental composition of soil in which gamma radiation was generated: O - 47%, Si −35%, Al - 8%, Fe - 3.9%, C - 2.1%, Ca - 1.4%, K - 1.3%, N - 0.6%, Mg - 0.6%, N - 0.1%. Soil matrix was represented by cylindrical volume of 1.5 m diameter and 0.5m thickness, while germanium detector was placed at 1 m height above the soil. The simulated gamma spectrum, originated from K-40, as well as from members of Th-232 chain, and daughters of Ra-226, was obtained. Homogeneous distribution of various radionuclides (Ra-226, Th-232, K-40) in soil matrix is considered in this work. Gamma spectra obtained in simulations were analyzed, and together with simulated detection efficiency data they provide comparison with real experimental measurements and practical application of results derived by Monte-Carlo simulations. As a result of this work, the corresponding detection efficiency curve for HPGe detector was obtained, which can be applied for in-situ measurements of radionuclide concentration in soil, assuming uniform radionuclide distribution.In order to validate our simulation results regarding detection efficiency, we performed in-situ measurements of soil radioactivity and compared the obtained activity concentrations with laboratory measurements. We found a good agreement, within activity concentration uncertainty, between in-situ measurement results and average values of activity concentrations obtained by laboratory measurements.
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Join @DrLuyirika , the executive director of the African #PalliativeCare Association in our e-learning course:… https://t.co/PXMWBb58De
Join @DrLuyirika , the executive director of the African #PalliativeCare Association in our e-learning course:… https://t.co/PXMWBb58De
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TERT promoter hypermethylation is associated with metastatic disease in abdominal paraganglioma
Abstract
Telomere maintenance, a hallmark of cancer for cell immortalization, is commonly achieved by telomerase activation through induction of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene. Pheochromocytomas (PCC) and abdominal paragangliomas (PGL) (together PPGL) are endocrine tumours for which TERT promoter mutations and telomerase activation have been previously reported [1]. Only 10-15% of PPGL metastasize, however in the absence of metastases, the identification of malignant disease is a diagnostic dilemma. Over 30% of PPGL exhibit a constitutional mutation in one of 14 susceptibility genes, and additionally, recurrent somatic mutations occur frequently [2]. Mutations in VHL, SDHx and EPAS1 define the Cluster 1 mRNA expression profile with pseudo-hypoxic effects, and mutations in HRAS, MAX, NF1, RET and TMEM127 define Cluster 2 with activation of kinase-signaling pathways [2].
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Language: Unlocking the past’s most powerful secret
The to and fro that happens when we talk is key to understanding language, and challenges the way we view human nature, argue two books
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Health risk assessment of instant noodles commonly consumed in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Abstract
The current study investigated the levels of some heavy metals [lead (Pb), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), aluminum (Al), and chromium (Cr)] and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in six brands of instant noodles (CFN, GFC, NGP, GAA, CUN, and FCS) commonly consumed in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Risks of consumption of contaminated noodles were also assessed. Heavy metal content and PAHs were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer and gas chromatography, respectively. Concentrations of heavy metals as Pb, Ni, Cu, Al, and Cr were detected while As, Hg, and Cd were not detected in noodles. High average concentrations (mean ± SD mg/kg) of Pb were observed in brands CFN (3.163 ± 0.21) and GFC (1.022 ± 0.08) which were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than in NGP (0.043 ± 0.15) and GAA (0.276 ± 0.18), although all were above WHO permissible limits (0.025 mg/kg). Target Hazard Quotient and Hazard Index for Pb were > 1 in brands CFN and GFC indicating unacceptable risk. Results of PAHs showed brands had total PAHs (mg/kg) in the order CFN > CUN > GAA > NGP > FCS > GFC. Although carcinogenic risks associated with these noodles are within permissible range, consumption of CFN and GFC could pose greater health risk to consumers. Long-term consumption of brands CUN, CFN, and GAA may have higher probability of carcinogenesis among consumers. We therefore recommend more diligent regulatory policies and monitoring by relevant government agencies (WHO, NAFDAC, CPC, and SON) to ensure wholesome noodles get to consumers.
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Effects of biochar on phytotoxicity and translocation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticle-treated soil
Abstract
In this study, soil culture experiments were conducted to explore the effects of biochar-supported Ni/Fe nanoparticles on the accumulation and translocation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in soil-plant system and its phytotoxicity to Brassica chinensis. Compared with those in BDE209 contaminated soils (S 1) and Ni/Fe nanoparticle-treated soil (S 3), the plant biomass, root, and shoot lengths in biochar-supported Ni/Fe nanoparticle-treated soil (S 4) were increased by 23 mg, 1.35 cm, and 2.08 cm and 27.2 mg, 1.75 cm, and 2.52 cm, respectively, suggesting that the phytotoxicity in S 4 treatment was significantly decreased. Moreover, in all treatments, the contents of BDE209, the total PBDEs, Ni, and Fe in sample plant tissues of S 4 were the lowest. In addition, the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities in S 4 treatment were found to decrease by 33.8, 47.2, and 24.1%, respectively, compared to those in S 3. Results also showed that biochar addition not only reduced the uptake of PBDEs and heavy metals but also effectively improve soil fertility and reduce the leachability of Ni and Fe caused by Ni/Fe. Finally, the translocation factors (TFs) of PBDEs in four treatments followed the orders as S 1 > S 3 > S 4 > S 2, indicating that biochar has an inhibition effects on PBDE translocation in the plants. In summary, all of the results suggested that the phytotoxicity, translocation of PBDEs, and the negative effects caused by neat Ni/Fe nanoparticles in B. chinensis were decreased as a result of the effects of the biochar.
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NUT Co Reactivity - Acquiring Knowledge for Elimination Recommendations (NUT CRACKER) Study
Abstract
Background
Ambiguities exist regarding the diagnosis of tree-nut allergy, necessitating either elimination or performance of oral food challenges (OFC).
Objective
To examine the co-incidences of allergies among tree-nuts and improve diagnostic testing to minimize the need for OFC.
Methods
Eighty three patients prospectively evaluated for walnut, pecan, cashew, pistachio, hazelnut and almond allergy. A history of previous reactions was obtained and standardized skin prick tests (SPT) using finely ground tree-nut solution and basophil activation tests (BAT) were performed. Patients underwent OFC for each tree-nut they eliminated and to which a reaction in the previous 2 years was not documented.
Results
While most patients were sensitized to 5-6 tree-nuts, over 50% were allergic to only 1-2 tree-nuts. The highest rate of allergy in sensitized patients was observed for walnut (74.6%) and cashew (65.6%). The rate of co-allergy for most tree-nuts was < 30%. Two thirds of walnut- and cashew-allergic patients were also allergic to pecan and pistachio, respectively, while all pecan- and pistachio-allergic patients were allergic to walnut and cashew, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic analysis for SPT and BAT was tree-nut dependent and yielded area under the curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.75-0.94. Knowledge of co-incident allergies in these pairs along with the combination of SPT and BAT correctly distinguished allergic from tolerant patients for walnut (87%), pecan (66%), cashew (71%) and pistachio (79%).
Conclusion
The data presented here should assist in differentiating between allergic and tolerant patients, decrease the need for OFC and allow for appropriate elimination recommendations.
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Caliber and fitness of the axillary artery as a conduit for large-bore cardiovascular procedures
Abstract
Objectives
We sought to describe the caliber and vascular health of the subclavian and axillary arteries as related to their potential utilization in complex cardiovascular procedures.
Background
Patients referred for advanced catheter-based therapies frequently have lower extremity peripheral vascular disease that may prohibit the use of large bore arterial catheters. Utilization of the upper extremity peripheral vasculature is rarely considered as an alternative access strategy. This may be due in part to a lack of familiarity with the thoracic vasculature.
Methods and Results
208 consecutive patients undergoing routine CTA prior to transcatheter aortic valve replacement were retrospectively evaluated in a systematic analysis of upper and lower extremity vasculature. Minimal luminal diameters (MLDs) for the axillary arteries and iliofemoral arteries were 6.0 ± 1.1 mm and 6.6 ± 1.8 mm respectively. Compared to the iliofemoral arteries, the axillary arteries demonstrated substantially lower rates of significant stenosis (2% vs. 12%, p < 0.01) and significantly lower rates of moderate to severe calcification disease (9% vs. 64%, p < 0.01). Diabetes and tobacco use were independently associated with smaller axillary artery caliber by MLD (p < 0.01) but not with significant stenotic disease.
Conclusions
The axillary arteries are slightly smaller but less frequently diseased than the corresponding iliofemoral vessels.
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A feasibility study of transaxillary TAVI with the lotus valve
Abstract
Objectives
To assess the feasibility of axillary transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) using the Lotus valve.
Background
TAVI is used to treat patients with severe aortic stenosis, with transfemoral (TF) access being the safest and most widely used route. In patients unsuitable for this, there are reports that the axillary artery may be safest alternative access route. The Lotus device is a fully retrievable 2nd generation transcatheter heart valve which is licensed for femoral and transaortic access. There are limited data on the suitability of this valve for axillary access.
Methods
We assessed the feasibility of transaxillary TAVI with the Lotus valve in patients unsuitable for TF TAVI. Between January and October 2016, we identified 10 patients who underwent transaxillary TAVI with the Lotus valve. This cohort was compared with 347 (85%) patients who underwent TF TAVI, 45 (11%) patients who underwent and trans-apical or direct-aortic TAVI and the total group of 16 (4%) patients who underwent axillary TAVI.
Results
Ten patients aged 75 years (69–83) underwent attempted TAVI with the Lotus via axillary access. Device success was 100%. In-hospital and 30-day mortality was zero. There were no neurological events, no major vascular complications and no myocardial infarctions. Four of 10 patients required a pacemaker post-TAVI. No patient was left with moderate or greater aortic regurgitation. Median length of stay was 3 days
Conclusions
TAVI with the Lotus valve is feasible via the axillary artery and appears safe in our small cohort of patients.
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Planned angiographic control versus clinical follow-up for patients with unprotected left main stem stenosis treated with second generation drug-eluting stents: A propensity score with matching analysis from the FAILS (failure in left main with second generation stents-Cardiogroup III Study)
Abstract
Background
The value of angiographic follow-up in unprotected left main (ULM) stenting remains undefined.
Methods
The FAILS-2 registry included consecutive patients presenting with a critical lesion of an ULM treated with second generation drug eluting stents in 6 centers from June 2007 to January 2015. Patients were stratified into two groups: those discharged with planned angiographic follow-up and those with clinical follow-up. MACE (Major Adverse Clinical Events, a composite end point of death, myocardial infarction, TLR, and ST) was the primary end point, while each component was a secondary endpoint Sensitivity analysis was performed for patients treated with a provisional or a two-stent strategy. A propensity score analysis was used to compare the outcomes in the two groups.
Results
After multivariate adjustment, 220 patients per group were selected. Planned angiographic follow up was performed after a median of 7 (6–10) months. After 16 (14–21) months, rates of MACE were similar between the two groups (24 vs. 21%, P = 0.29) with lower rates of all cause and cardiovascular death in the angiographic control group (6 vs. 14%, P = 0.01 and 3 vs. 6%, P = 0.04) but with higher rates of TLR (15 vs. 5%, P < 0.001). The same trend was seen irrespective of the stent strategy.
Conclusion
planned angiographic control results in more TLR but may reduce mortality. These findings need to be confirmed by adequately powered randomized controlled trial.
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Emergent percutaneous therapy for left ventricular assist device retrograde flow
Abstract
With the number of heart transplants being performed each year stagnating due to lack of donors the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patient population will continue to grow. As more and more patients are living longer with LVADs, either as a bridge to transplant or destination therapy, we will continue to see an increased number of complications related to assist device therapy. One of the common challenges physicians face are patients who suffer from both bleeding and thrombotic complications. When bleeding complications occur anticoagulation is usually reduced or discontinued and then the thrombosis risk increases. Once a pump thrombosis occurs there are limited percutaneous treatment strategies available, especially in the setting of a recent bleeding event. Surgical exchange is the only definitive therapy and that can be a high risk and difficult operation. Turning off an LVAD may become necessary, as it did in our case, but that can lead to significant retrograde flow through the device and rapid patient decline. A prompt percutaneous therapy is needed to stabilize these patients.
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Periprocedural transfusion in patients undergoing transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this investigation was to identify patient's characteristics and periprocedural variables related to periprocedural transfusion in transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (tf-TAVI).
Background
Transfusion of allogenic red-blood cells (RBC) in tf-TAVI and the number of transfused units has been linked to an increased 30-day mortality. In line with the trend of minimization and cost-effectiveness, transfusion should be avoided, wherever possible.
Methods
Between 2007 and 2015, 1,734 procedures were analyzed from our prospective registry for RBC-transfusion. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the dependent variables.
Results
Transfusion was considered necessary in 14% (n = 243) of the patients. Female gender (OR [95% CI]) (1.680 [1.014-2.783]) and preprocedural moderate (7.594 [4.404-13.095]) and severe anemia (8.202 [0.900-74.752]) according to WHO were the most important preprocedural variables. Periprocedural, pericardial effusion (12.109 [3.753-39.063]), emergency extracorporeal circulation (54.5288 [6.178-481.259]) and major vascular injury (2.647 [1.412-4.962]) were related to transfusion. The same applies to moderate (4.255 [1.859-9.740]) and severe anemia (31.567 [8.560-116.416]) as well as periprocedural experience (0.072 [0.035-0.149] – 0.141[0.079-0.251], P < 0.001)
Conclusion
Procedural experience, serious adverse events, low pre- and periprocedural Hb levels and female gender were the main variables relating to transfusion. Even in experienced high-volume centers, transfusion is still necessary in a considerable number of patients.
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Thromboembolism after WATCHMANTM in a clopidogrel non-responder: A case for concern?
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke and thromboembolism (TE). The WATCHMANTM left atrial appendage (LAA) closure device is indicated to reduce the risk of TE from the LAA in patients with non-valvular AF. Here, we present a case of a patient with device-related thrombus who suffered a TE event two months after WATCHMANTM LAA closure and two weeks after switching from aspirin plus warfarin to aspirin plus clopidogrel therapy. Laboratory investigation identified the patient to be hypercoagulable and to be a non-responder to clopidogrel therapy. We discuss the potential role of platelet function testing to prevent device-related thrombi.
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Pushing boundaries: Implantation of the 34 mm Medtronic CoreValve in patients with a large aortic annulus
Abstract
The relationship between adherence to the recommended CoreValve sizing parameters and clinical outcomes is not well known for the recently released 34 mm valve, which is currently the largest available transcatheter valve. There is a presumed temporal reduction in paravalvular regurgitation in patients who receive an in-range valve, however, certain patients possess annular dimensions that are too large. We therefore describe two patients with annular dimensions larger than the manufacturer recommended range for the 34 mm CoreValve, who despite this underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement with excellent clinical outcomes.
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Emergency extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A two-center experience of incidence, outcome and temporal trends from 2010 to 2015
Abstract
Background
Although the incidence of periprocedural complications has decreased in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), life-threatening complications occur and emergency veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vaECMO) can provide immediate circulatory stabilization. We report our two-center experience of vaECMO during life-threatening complications in TAVI.
Methods
From January 2010 to December 2015, 1,810 consecutive patients underwent TAVI at two centers. Clinical characteristics, type of complication, outcome and temporal trends in the requirement of emergency vaECMO were evaluated.
Results
Life-threatening complications requiring vaECMO occurred in 1.8% of cases (33 patients; 22 transfemoral, 11 transapical). Indications for vaECMO were ventricular rupture (30%, 10/33), low output (15%, 5/33), bleeding (12%, 4/33), coronary artery impairment (9%, 3/33), ventricular arrhythmias (6%, 2/33), severe aortic regurgitation (6%, 2/33), aortic annular rupture (6%, 2/33), and aortic dissection (3%, 1/33). In 4 cases, no definite cause for hemodynamic instability was identified. Conversion to open heart surgery was necessary in 42% of patients (14/33). Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in all cases with coronary artery impairment (9%, 3/33). Patients with severe aortic regurgitation (6%, 2/33) underwent emergency valve-in-valve implantation. Other patients received, in addition to vaECMO support conservative treatment (42%, 14/33). In-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality were 46% (15/33). Of patients discharged, 67% (12/18) had no neurological impairment, whereas mild and severe neurological impairment was found in 11% (2/18) and 22% (4/18), respectively. From 2010 to 2015, with increasing procedures (from n = 43 to n = 553) requirement of vaECMO decreased from 9.3% to 0.9% (P for the trend <0.001).
Conclusion
Over a 6-year period, need for emergency vaECMO during TAVI significantly decreased over time. Despite high in-hospital mortality, vaECMO represents a feasible strategy for hemodynamic support in case of life-threatening complications.
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Impact of anemia on long-term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion
Abstract
Objectives
A single-centre, observational study was performed in order to investigate the relationship between anemia and outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusion (CTO).
Background
Anemia has been identified as adverse predictor in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing coronary revascularization. Data on the impact of anemia on outcomes in patients undergoing PCI for CTO lesions are lacking.
Methods
A total of 1,964 patients undergoing CTO PCI were stratified according to the presence/absence of anemia (hemoglobin of <13 g/dl for men and <12 g/dl for women). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Median follow-up was 2.6 (interquartile range 1.1-3.1) years.
Results
Of the 1,964 patients, 297 (15.1%) had anemia. Anemic as compared to nonanemic patients had and an increased all-cause mortality (27.9% versus 9.1%, P < 0.001), and associations remained significant after multivariable adjustments (adjusted HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.71-2.98, P < 0.001). All-cause mortality decreased with increasing hemoglobin tertiles (T1: 18.6%, T2: 8.6%, T3: 8.2%, log rank P < 0.001). Procedural success was associated with reduced all-cause mortality both in anemic (21.8% versus 47.2%, adjusted HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37-0.93, P = 0.02) and nonanemic patients (7.8% versus 16.3%, adjusted HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42-0.98, P = 0.02, interaction P = 0.69).
Conclusions
Although anemia is associated with an increased all-cause mortality in patients undergoing CTO PCI, the survival benefit associated with successful CTO recanalization is maintained.
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Prognostic value of lymph node ratio in metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Prognostic value of lymph node ratio in metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma.
J Laryngol Otol. 2017 Nov 10;:1-6
Authors: Mansour J, Sagiv D, Alon E, Talmi Y
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Cervical metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma are associated with increased recurrence. However, their effect on survival remains controversial. This study evaluated literature on the prognostic value of lymph node ratio for loco-regional recurrence and survival in metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma.
METHODS: The PubMed database was systematically searched using the terms 'papillary thyroid carcinoma' and 'lymph node ratio'. Articles addressing the association between lymph node ratio and loco-regional recurrence or survival were identified.
RESULTS: Nine retrospective studies were included, comprising 12 400 post-thyroidectomy and neck dissection papillary thyroid carcinoma patients (median age, 48.6 years; 76 per cent females). Lymph node ratio was associated with worse recurrence-free survival in 60 and 75 per cent of studies investigating the effect of central compartment metastases and both central and lateral compartment metastases on recurrence-free survival, respectively. One large population-based study showed an association between lymph node ratio and disease-specific mortality in N1 nodal disease, but failed to maintain the same association when N1b patients were excluded.
CONCLUSION: Regional lymph node ratio is an independent predictor for loco-regional recurrence in pathologically staged N1 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Patients with a high lymph node ratio should be closely followed up.
PMID: 29122022 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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quality of care; +179 new citations
179 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:
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Effect of general anesthesia and intubation on parathyroid levels in normal patients and those with hyperparathyroidism
Abstract
Background
Induction of general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation may precipitate parathyroid hormone (PTH) elevation in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). The purposes of this study were to revisit this observation and to study its impact in healthy patients.
Methods
Patients with primary HPT who underwent parathyroidectomy were retrospectively studied. The PTH was sampled and compared: before, immediately after general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation, and 15 minutes after parathyroidectomy. Healthy adults who underwent elective operations were prospectively studied. The PTH was sampled before general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation, immediately after, and 15 minutes later.
Results
Thirty-one patients, aged 28-89 years (mean 60.1 ± 13 years), were retrospectively studied. The PTH was significantly elevated after general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation (P = .014). Fifty patients, aged 21-86 years (mean 54 ± 15 years), were prospectively studied. The PTH elevation after general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation was not significant.
Conclusion
General anesthesia and endotracheal intubation causes an immediate, steep, and significant PTH elevation in patients with primary HPT but only a minor change in healthy adults. The difference may be attributed to an impaired adrenergic response in patients with primary HPT.
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Efficiency of electrochemotherapy with reduced bleomycin dose in the treatment of nonmelanoma head and neck skin cancer: Preliminary results
Abstract
Background
In the present study, effectiveness of electrochemotherapy was compared in patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) of the head and neck using standard and reduced doses of bleomycin.
Methods
Twenty-eight patients older than 65 years were prospectively treated with electrochemotherapy for nonmelanoma head and neck skin cancer. In the experimental group (n = 12 patients; 24 lesions), reduced bleomycin doses (10 000 IU/m2) were used. In the control group (n = 16 patients; 28 lesions), the standard bleomycin doses (15 000 IU/m2) were used. Tumor responses and side effects were monitored. These two groups were pair matched for the characteristics of patients (age, gender) and their tumors (diameter, histology type, recurrent lesions).
Results
Complete tumor response at 2 months post-electrochemotherapy with the reduced bleomycin dose was 100% and with the standard bleomycin dose it was 96%. No statistically significant difference regarding skin toxicity was observed between the 2 groups (P = .20). Skin toxicity of grade 3 or less was recorded only in the control group (7% of treated lesions).
Conclusion
Presented results show the comparable antitumor effectiveness of electrochemotherapy when using standard or reduced bleomycin dose in elderly patients with nonmelanoma head and neck skin cancer.
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Long-term outcomes after reirradiation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with intensity-modulated radiotherapy: A meta-analysis
Abstract
Background
The purpose of this clinical review was to summate the published data for the long-term outcomes of reirradiation with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
Methods
We searched biomedical literature databases for eligible studies published from January 2005 to September 2016. Outcomes of interests were 5-year local failure-free survival, distant failure-free survival, overall survival (OS), and toxicities. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model.
Results
We found 4 comparative and 8 noncomparative studies (n = 1768). Reirradiation was associated with pooled event rates of 72% (95% confidence interval [CI] 66%-78%; I2 = 84%), 85% (95% CI 82%-88%; I2 = 69%), and 41% (95% CI 36%-47%; I2 = 80%) for 5-year local failure-free survival, distant failure-free survival, and OS, respectively, with significant heterogeneity among the study results. The pooled event rate for grade 5 toxicities was 33% (95% CI 30%-35%; I2 = 0%) with minimal heterogeneity.
Conclusion
Reirradiation with IMRT for locally recurrent NPC could confer long-term disease control and survival but is associated with significant mortality.
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Ethmoidal adenocarcinoma treated by exclusive endoscopic approach: Focus on learning curve and modification of management
Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcome and recurrences for ethmoidal adenocarcinomas treated by exclusive endoscopic surgery in curative intent and investigate the role of the learning curve.
Methods
We conducted a single-center retrospective study, including 60 patients separated in 2 groups (2002-2011 n = 28 and 2012-2015 n = 32).
Results
The global survival rate at 5 years was 72.6%, and the global and local recurrence rates were 21.6% and 13.3%, respectively. The learning curve had significant impact on global survival at 2 years (93.8% vs 77.8%) and on overall and local recurrences, despite the higher rate of T4 classifications in the latter group. This learning curve could be explained by the evolution toward large endoscopic resection, bilateral, with resection of the cribriform plate, and eventually medial maxillectomy, and started on the healthy side.
Conclusion
For selected cases, exclusive endoscopic resection of ethmoid adenocarcinoma achieves results at least as good as craniofacial resection when performed by an experienced cranial base team and including a large endoscopic resection.
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Cisplatin-conjugated gold nanoparticles as a theranostic agent for head and neck cancer
Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to develop a nanoplatform, which simultaneously acts as radiosensitizer, drug carrier, and tumor imaging agent for head and neck cancer.
Methods
We synthesized 20 nm gold nanoparticles, coated with glucose and cisplatin (CG-GNPs). Their penetration into tumor cells and their cellular toxicity were evaluated in vitro. In vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate their impact on tumor growth and their imaging capabilities.
Results
The CG-GNPs showed efficient penetration into tumor cells and similar cellular toxicity as cisplatin alone. Combined with radiation, CG-GNPs led to greater tumor reduction than that of radiation alone and radiation with free cisplatin. The CG-GNPs also demonstrated efficient tumor imaging capabilities.
Conclusion
Our CG-GNPs have a great potential to increase antitumor effect, overcome resistance to chemotherapeutics and radiation, and allow imaging-guided therapy.
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Prognostic implication of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in patients with recurrent papillary thyroid cancer
Abstract
Background
Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (18F-FDG PET/CT) has been widely accepted as an effective method for detecting recurrent papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in patients with increased serum thyroglobulin (Tg) or Tg antibody (TgAb) levels and negative whole-body scintigraphy (WBS) results. The role of WBS as a diagnostic tool in detecting recurrence has relatively decreased recently. However, only a few studies have examined the usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT for evaluating patients with recurrent PTC, regardless of the WBS results. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the diagnostic value and prognostic role of 18F-FDG PET/CT for patients with recurrent PTC, irrespective of their WBS results.
Methods
Sixty-six patients with locoregional recurrent PTC who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and neck CT within 6 months before surgical treatment were included in this retrospective analysis. Imaging findings were compared with postoperative histopathologic results. The diagnostic values of 18F-FDG PET/CT and neck CT were compared according to the serum Tg and TgAb levels and cervical levels. Each patient's status at the last follow-up was also reviewed, and survival probabilities were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier plot.
Results
The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for the entire patient group were 38.5%, 90.2%, and 58.3%, respectively. The corresponding neck CT values were 55.0%, 85.7%, and 66.7%, respectively. According to the serum Tg and TgAb levels, except for the specificity, most diagnostic values of 18F-FDG PET/CT were worse than those of the neck CTs, with or without statistical significance. For the high maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) group (SUVmax >10) and the low SUVmax group, the median locoregional disease-free survival times were 33.3 months and 81.8 months, respectively (P < .001).
Conclusion
The diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for localizing recurrent lesions was worse than that of the neck CT, irrespective of the WBS results. However, patients with a higher SUVmax showed a significantly worse prognosis than did those with a lower SUVmax. Therefore, we suggest that, in patients with recurrent PTC, 18F-FDG PET/CT should be considered for prognostication rather than diagnosis.
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Effect of novel chelating agents on the push-out bond strength of calcium silicate cements to the simulated root-end cavities
Abstract
To compare the effects of different chelating agents on the push-out bond strength of calcium silicate-based cements to the simulated root-end cavities. Root-end cavities were prepared on the roots of fifty extracted maxillary anterior teeth. The specimens were then randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10) based on the final irrigation regimen: Group 1: 17% EDTA, Group 2: 7% maleic acid, Group 3: QMix, Group 4: 2.25% peracetic acid (PAA), Group 5: 0.9% saline. Then, the samples from each group were subdivided into two groups (n = 5) based on the apical filling material. In group 1, root-end cavities of all samples were filled with Biodentine and in group 2, with MTA. Each sample was horizontally sectioned to produce two discs of ∼1 mm thick per specimen. The maximum load required for the dislodgement of 100 retrofillings was recorded. The specimens were examined under scanning electron microscope after debonding to assess the type of bond failure. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests. Irrigation with saline resulted in higher bond strength compared to the other irrigants in the retrograde cavities obturated with MTA or Biodentine (p < .05). In MTA group, there was no significant difference between the test irrigants (p > .05). EDTA and PAA groups showed higher dislodgement resistance values than the other test irrigants, when Biodentine was used as a filling. The type of irrigation solution influences the bond strength of the root-end fillings.
Removal of smear layer can lead to a decrease in the bond strength of calcium silicate-based materials. Prior to filling of the root-end cavities using calcium silicate-based materials, irrigants without smear layer removal capacity should be chosen.
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Evaluation of the genetic variability found in Brazilian commercial vaccines for infectious bronchitis virus
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is currently one of the most important pathogens in the poultry industry. The H120 and Ma5 are the only viral strains approved by the Brazilian government as the constituent of vaccines. Despite the systematic vaccination in Brazil, IBV has not yet been controlled and diseases associated with this virus have been reported in vaccinated chickens. Here, we investigated the genetic variability of H120 and Ma5 strains present in the IBV vaccines from different Brazilian manufacturers. We performed DNA sequencing analyses of the S1 spike glycoprotein gene to investigate its genetic variability and the presence of viral subpopulations among vaccines, between batches, and also in each vaccine after a single passage was performed in chicken embryonated eggs. Our results revealed up to 13 amino acid substitutions among vaccines and some of them were localized in regions of the S1 glycoprotein that play a role in virus–host interaction. Secondary nucleotide peaks identified in the chromatogram for the S1 gene sequence revealed that all original vaccines (H120 and Ma5) were composed by different subpopulations of IBV. Moreover, new viral subpopulations were also found in vaccines after a single passage in chicken embryonated eggs. These findings indicate that H120 and Ma5 viral strains used in vaccines market in Brazil can still mutate very rapidly during replication, leading to amino acid substitutions in proteins involved in the stimulation of the immune response, such as the S1 glycoprotein. Therefore, our data suggest that the genetic variability of these viral strains should be taken into consideration to ensure an effective immune response against IBV.
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IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 2394: Steroid and Xenobiotic Receptor Signalling in Apoptosis and Autophagy of the Nervous System
IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 2394: Steroid and Xenobiotic Receptor Signalling in Apoptosis and Autophagy of the Nervous System
International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms18112394
Authors: Agnieszka Wnuk Małgorzata Kajta
Apoptosis and autophagy are involved in neural development and in the response of the nervous system to a variety of insults. Apoptosis is responsible for cell elimination, whereas autophagy can eliminate the cells or keep them alive, even in conditions lacking trophic factors. Therefore, both processes may function synergistically or antagonistically. Steroid and xenobiotic receptors are regulators of apoptosis and autophagy; however, their actions in various pathologies are complex. In general, the estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors mediate anti-apoptotic signalling, whereas the androgen (AR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors participate in pro-apoptotic pathways. ER-mediated neuroprotection is attributed to estrogen and selective ER modulators in apoptosis- and autophagy-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and retinopathies. PR activation appeared particularly effective in treating traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries and ischemic stroke. Except for in the retina, activated GR is engaged in neuronal cell death, whereas MR signalling appeared to be associated with neuroprotection. In addition to steroid receptors, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediates the induction and propagation of apoptosis, whereas the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) inhibit this programmed cell death. Most of the retinoid X receptor-related xenobiotic receptors stimulate apoptotic processes that accompany neural pathologies. Among the possible therapeutic strategies based on targeting apoptosis via steroid and xenobiotic receptors, the most promising are the selective modulators of the ER, AR, AHR, PPARγ agonists, flavonoids, and miRNAs. The prospective therapies to overcome neuronal cell death by targeting autophagy via steroid and xenobiotic receptors are much less recognized.
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Delineating sites of failure following post-prostatectomy radiation treatment using 68Ga-PSMA-PET
Source:Radiotherapy and Oncology
Author(s): Keelan Byrne, Thomas Eade, Andrew Kneebone, Linxin Guo, Ed Hsiao, Geoff Schembri, Carolyn Kwong, Julia Hunter, Louise Emmett, George Hruby
PurposeTo identify sites of failure with 68Ga-PSMA-PET (PSMA-PET) imaging in patients who have Biochemical Failure (BF) following post-prostatectomy radiotherapy.Material and methodsBetween June 2006 and January 2016, 409 men received post prostatectomy intensity modulated radiation treatment (IMRT) with protocolised planning. 310 patients received radiation treatment (RT) to the Prostate Fossa (PF) alone and 99 patients received RT to PF and pelvic lymphatics (PF + LN) usually in combination with androgen deprivation (AD) therapy. Any failure not detected on conventional imaging was delineated with PSMA-PET scanning. Sites of failure were characterised as in-field (PF ± LN), or out of field (nodal alone, distant metastatic alone (visceral or bone) or multi-site failure). Nodal failure was further divided into pelvic failure and/or distant failure.Results119 men developed BF, defined as a PSA rise of >0.2 or greater, above post-RT nadir. Freedom from BF was 71% in the PF group and 70% in the PF + LN group, with median follow up of 52 and 44 months respectively. AD was used concomitantly in 13% of the PF group and 92% of the PF + LN group. 81 patients with BF (68%) had PSMA-PET imaging performed as per study intent, 67 (80%) of whom had PSMA avid disease identified.PSMA-PET delineated in-field failure occurred in 2/50 (4%) of the PF group and 1/17 (6%) in the PF + LN group. Nodal failure alone was 33/50 (66%) for the PF group vs 7/17 (41%) for the PF + LN group. For the nodal only failure patients, 18/33 (55%) had pelvic-only nodal failure in the PF group compared to 1/7 (14%) in the PF + LN group (p = 0.03). 16 (32%) of the PSMA avid failures in the PF group would have been encompassed by standard pelvic lymphatic radiotherapy volumes.ConclusionPost-prostatectomy radiation treatment resulted in excellent in-field control rates. Isolated pelvic nodal failure was rare in those receiving radiotherapy to the prostatic fossa and pelvic nodes but accounted for one third of failures in those receiving PF alone treatment.
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A loss-of-function homozygous mutation in DDX59 implicates a conserved DEAD-box RNA helicase in nervous system development and function
Abstract
We report on a homozygous frameshift deletion in DDX59 (c.185del: p.Phe62fs*13) in a family presenting with oro-facio-digital syndrome phenotype associated to a broad neurological involvement characterized by microcephaly, intellectual disability, epilepsy, and white matter signal abnormalities associated with cortical and sub-cortical ischemic events. DDX59 encodes a DEAD-box RNA helicase and its role in brain function and neurological diseases is unclear. We showed a reduction of mutant cDNA and perturbation of SHH signalling from patient-derived cell lines; furthermore, analysis of human brain gene expression provides evidence that DDX59 is enriched in oligodendrocytes and might act within pathways of leukoencephalopathies associated genes. We also characterized the neuronal phenotype of the Drosophila model using mutant mahe, the homologue of human DDX59, and showed that mahe loss-of-function mutant embryos exhibit impaired development of peripheral and central nervous system. Taken together, our results support a conserved role of this DEAD-box RNA helicase in neurological function.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
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Clinical and pathologic analyses of tuberculosis in the oral cavity: report of 11 cases.
Clinical and pathologic analyses of tuberculosis in the oral cavity: report of 11 cases.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2017 Sep 28;:
Authors: Ju WT, Fu Y, Liu Y, Tan YR, Dong MJ, Wang LZ, Li J, Zhong LP
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze tuberculosis (TB) in the oral cavity according to clinical appearance, clinical differential diagnosis, treatment, and outcome.
STUDY DESIGN: We enrolled 11 patients with TB in the oral cavity between November 2012 and November 2016. Glossal lymphoid TB was excluded. Clinical symptoms, auxiliary examinations, treatments, and outcomes were recorded and analyzed.
RESULTS: The study population comprised 6 men and 5 women, with a mean age of 59 years. Five patients presented with ulcer, 5 with a mass, and 1 with osteomyelitis. Excisional biopsy was performed in 3 patients, mass resection in 7, and curettage of mandibular lesion in 1. After pathologic diagnosis of TB in the oral cavity in 8 patients; 6 of them underwent purified protein derivative examination, and 4 of them had positive results and received drug therapy. The mean follow-up period was 24.9 months, and there was no recurrence.
CONCLUSIONS: TB in the oral cavity is rare and has no specific clinical features. Pathology, acid-fast staining, polymerase chain reaction, and DNA testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis are useful for final diagnosis. Surgery is recommended as the treatment of choice to achieve good clinical outcomes.
PMID: 29122502 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Semiautomated Evaluation of the Primary Motor Cortex in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis at 3T.
Semiautomated Evaluation of the Primary Motor Cortex in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis at 3T.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2017 Nov 09;:
Authors: Donatelli G, Retico A, Caldarazzo Ienco E, Cecchi P, Costagli M, Frosini D, Biagi L, Tosetti M, Siciliano G, Cosottini M
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease involving the upper and lower motor neurons. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, pathologic changes in the primary motor cortex include Betz cell depletion and the presence of reactive iron-loaded microglia, detectable on 7T MR images as atrophy and T2*-hypointensity. Our purposes were the following: 1) to investigate the signal hypointensity-to-thickness ratio of the primary motor cortex as a radiologic marker of upper motor neuron involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with a semiautomated method at 3T, 2) to compare 3T and 7T results, and 3) to evaluate whether semiautomated measurement outperforms visual image assessment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated 27 patients and 13 healthy subjects at 3T, and 19 patients and 18 healthy subjects at 7T, performing a high-resolution 3D multiecho T2*-weighted sequence targeting the primary motor cortex. The signal hypointensity-to-thickness ratio of the primary motor cortex was calculated with a semiautomated method depicting signal intensity profiles of the cortex. Images were also visually classified as "pathologic" or "nonpathologic" based on the primary motor cortex signal intensity and thickness.
RESULTS: The signal hypointensity-to-thickness ratio of the primary motor cortex was greater in patients than in controls (P < .001), and it correlated with upper motor neuron impairment in patients (ρ = 0.57, P < .001). The diagnostic accuracy of the signal hypointensity-to-thickness ratio was high at 3T (area under the curve = 0.89) and even higher at 7T (area under the curve = 0.94). The sensitivity of the semiautomated method (0.81) outperformed the sensitivity of the visual assessment (0.56-0.63) at 3T.
CONCLUSIONS: The signal hypointensity-to-thickness ratio of the primary motor cortex calculated with a semiautomated method is suggested as a radiologic marker of upper motor neuron burden in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This semiautomated method may be useful for improving the subjective radiologic evaluation of upper motor neuron pathology in patients suspected of having amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
PMID: 29122765 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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MR Imaging of the Superior Cervical Ganglion and Inferior Ganglion of the Vagus Nerve: Structures That Can Mimic Pathologic Retropharyngeal Lymph Nodes.
MR Imaging of the Superior Cervical Ganglion and Inferior Ganglion of the Vagus Nerve: Structures That Can Mimic Pathologic Retropharyngeal Lymph Nodes.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2017 Nov 09;:
Authors: Yokota H, Mukai H, Hattori S, Yamada K, Anzai Y, Uno T
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The superior cervical ganglion and inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve can mimic pathologic retropharyngeal lymph nodes. We studied the cross-sectional anatomy of the superior cervical ganglion and inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve to evaluate how they can be differentiated from the retropharyngeal lymph nodes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study consists of 2 parts. Cohort 1 concerned the signal intensity of routine neck MR imaging with 2D sequences, apparent diffusion coefficient, and contrast enhancement of the superior cervical ganglion compared with lymph nodes with or without metastasis in 30 patients. Cohort 2 used 3D neurography to assess the morphology and spatial relationships of the superior cervical ganglion, inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve, and the retropharyngeal lymph nodes in 50 other patients.
RESULTS: All superior cervical ganglions had homogeneously greater enhancement and lower signal on diffusion-weighted imaging than lymph nodes. Apparent diffusion coefficient values of the superior cervical ganglion (1.80 ± 0.28 × 10(-3)mm(2)/s) were significantly higher than normal and metastatic lymph nodes (0.86 ± 0.10 × 10(-3)mm(2)/s, P < .001, and 0.73 ± 0.10 × 10(-3)mm(2)/s, P < .001). Ten and 13 of 60 superior cervical ganglions were hypointense on T2-weighted images and had hyperintense spots on both T1- and T2-weighted images, respectively. The latter was considered fat tissue. The largest was the superior cervical ganglion, followed in order by the retropharyngeal lymph node and the inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve (P < .001 to P = .004). The highest at vertebral level was the retropharyngeal lymph nodes, followed, in order, by the inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve and the superior cervical ganglion (P < .001 to P = .001). The retropharyngeal lymph node, superior cervical ganglion, and inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve formed a line from anteromedial to posterolateral.
CONCLUSIONS: The superior cervical ganglion and the inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve can be almost always differentiated from retropharyngeal lymph nodes on MR imaging by evaluating the signal, size, and position.
PMID: 29122764 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Prediction of IDH1-Mutation and 1p/19q-Codeletion Status Using Preoperative MR Imaging Phenotypes in Lower Grade Gliomas.
Prediction of IDH1-Mutation and 1p/19q-Codeletion Status Using Preoperative MR Imaging Phenotypes in Lower Grade Gliomas.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2017 Nov 09;:
Authors: Park YW, Han K, Ahn SS, Bae S, Choi YS, Chang JH, Kim SH, Kang SG, Lee SK
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: WHO grade II gliomas are divided into three classes: isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype, IDH-mutant and no 1p/19q codeletion, and IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted. Different molecular subtypes have been reported to have prognostic differences and different chemosensitivity. Our aim was to evaluate the predictive value of imaging phenotypes assessed with the Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images lexicon for molecular classification of lower grade gliomas.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging scans of 175 patients with lower grade gliomas with known IDH1 mutation and 1p/19q-codeletion status were included (78 grade II and 97 grade III) in the discovery set. MR imaging features were reviewed by using Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images (VASARI); their associations with molecular markers were assessed. The predictive power of imaging features for IDH1-wild type tumors was evaluated using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator. We tested the model in a validation set (40 subjects).
RESULTS: Various imaging features were significantly different according to IDH1 mutation. Nonlobar location, larger proportion of enhancing tumors, multifocal/multicentric distribution, and poor definition of nonenhancing margins were independent predictors of an IDH1 wild type according to the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator. The areas under the curve for the prediction model were 0.859 and 0.778 in the discovery and validation sets, respectively. The IDH1-mutant, 1p/19q-codeleted group frequently had mixed/restricted diffusion characteristics and showed more pial invasion compared with the IDH1-mutant, no codeletion group.
CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative MR imaging phenotypes are different according to the molecular markers of lower grade gliomas, and they may be helpful in predicting the IDH1-mutation status.
PMID: 29122763 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Long-Term Effectiveness of Direct CT-Guided Aspiration and Fenestration of Symptomatic Lumbar Facet Synovial Cysts.
Long-Term Effectiveness of Direct CT-Guided Aspiration and Fenestration of Symptomatic Lumbar Facet Synovial Cysts.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2017 Nov 09;:
Authors: Shah VN, von Fischer ND, Chin CT, Yuh EL, Amans MR, Dillon WP, Hess CP
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Lumbar facet synovial cysts are commonly seen in facet degenerative arthropathy and may be symptomatic when narrowing the spinal canal or compressing nerve roots. The purpose of this study was to analyze the safety, effectiveness, and long-term outcomes of direct CT-guided lumbar facet synovial cyst aspiration and fenestration for symptom relief and for obviating an operation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and imaging studies of 64 consecutive patients between 2006 and 2016 who underwent 85 CT-guided lumbar facet synovial cyst fenestration procedures in our department. We recorded patient demographics, lumbar facet synovial cyst imaging characteristics, presenting symptoms, change in symptoms after the procedure, and whether they underwent a subsequent operation. We also assessed long-term outcomes from the medical records and via follow-up telephone surveys with patients.
RESULTS: Direct CT-guided lumbar facet synovial cyst puncture was technically successful in 98% of procedures. At first postprocedural follow-up, 86% of patients had a complete or partial symptomatic response. During a mean follow-up of 49 months, 56% of patients had partial or complete long-term relief without the need for an operation; 44% of patients underwent an operation. Patients with calcified, thick-rimmed, or low T2 signal intensity cysts were less likely to respond to the procedure and more likely to need an operation.
CONCLUSIONS: CT-guided direct lumbar facet synovial cyst aspiration and fenestration procedures are safe, effective, and minimally invasive for symptomatic treatment of lumbar synovial facet cysts. This procedure obviates an operation in a substantial number of patients, even at long-term follow-up, and should be considered before surgical intervention.
PMID: 29122762 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Effect of an Arm Traction Device on Image Quality and Radiation Exposure during Neck CT: A Prospective Study.
Effect of an Arm Traction Device on Image Quality and Radiation Exposure during Neck CT: A Prospective Study.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2017 Nov 09;:
Authors: Choi YJ, Lee JH, Yoon DH, Kim HJ, Seo KJ, Do KH, Baek JH
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The image quality of neck CT is frequently disturbed by streak artifact from the shoulder girdles. Our aim was to determine the effects of an arm traction device on image quality and radiation exposure in neck CT.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with lymphoma with complete remission who were scheduled to undergo 2 consecutive follow-up neck CT scans for surveillance within a 1-year interval were enrolled in this prospective study. They underwent 2 consecutive neck CT scans (intervention protocol: patients with an arm traction device; standard protocol: no positioning optimization) on the same CT system. The primary outcome measures were image noise in the lower neck and dose-length product. Secondary outcomes were streak artifacts in the supraclavicular fossa, volume CT dose index, and the extent of the biacromial line shift.
RESULTS: Seventy-three patients were enrolled and underwent 2 consecutive CT scans with a mean interval of 155 days. In the intervention protocol, a mean noise reduction in the lower neck of 25.2%-28.5% (P < .001) was achieved, and a significant decrease in dose-length product (413 versus 397, P < .001) was observed. The intervention protocol significantly decreased streak artifacts (P < .001) and volume CT dose index (13.9 versus 13.4, P < .001) and could lower the biacromial line an average of 2.1 cm.
CONCLUSIONS: An arm traction device can improve image quality and reduce radiation exposure during neck CT. The device can be simply applied in cooperative patients with suspected lower neck lesions, and the approach offers distinct advantages over the conventional imaging protocol.
PMID: 29122761 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Spinal Cord Gray Matter Atrophy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
Spinal Cord Gray Matter Atrophy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2017 Nov 09;:
Authors: Paquin MÊ, El Mendili MM, Gros C, Dupont SM, Cohen-Adad J, Pradat PF
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is an emerging need for biomarkers to better categorize clinical phenotypes and predict progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This study aimed to quantify cervical spinal gray matter atrophy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and investigate its association with clinical disability at baseline and after 1 year.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 22 healthy controls were scanned with 3T MR imaging. Standard functional scale was recorded at the time of MR imaging and after 1 year. MR imaging data were processed automatically to measure the spinal cord, gray matter, and white matter cross-sectional areas. A statistical analysis assessed the difference in cross-sectional areas between patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and controls, correlations between spinal cord and gray matter atrophy to clinical disability at baseline and at 1 year, and prediction of clinical disability at 1 year.
RESULTS: Gray matter atrophy was more sensitive to discriminate patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis from controls (P = .004) compared with spinal cord atrophy (P = .02). Gray matter and spinal cord cross-sectional areas showed good correlations with clinical scores at baseline (R = 0.56 for gray matter and R = 0.55 for spinal cord; P < .01). Prediction at 1 year with clinical scores (R(2) = 0.54) was improved when including a combination of gray matter and white matter cross-sectional areas (R(2) = 0.74).
CONCLUSIONS: Although improvements over spinal cord cross-sectional areas were modest, this study suggests the potential use of gray matter cross-sectional areas as an MR imaging structural biomarker to monitor the evolution of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
PMID: 29122760 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of the Head and Neck: Influence of Fat-Suppression Technique and Multishot 2D Navigated Interleaved Acquisitions.
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of the Head and Neck: Influence of Fat-Suppression Technique and Multishot 2D Navigated Interleaved Acquisitions.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2017 Nov 09;:
Authors: Bae YJ, Choi BS, Jeong HK, Sunwoo L, Jung C, Kim JH
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: DWI of the head and neck can reveal valuable information, but the effects of fat suppression and multishot acquisition on image quality have not been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to comprehensively compare the quality of head and neck DWI at 3T using 2 fat-suppression techniques, STIR, and spectral presaturation with inversion recovery, which were used with both single- and multishot EPI.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-five study participants underwent 3 DWI sequences of single-shot EPI-STIR, single-shot EPI-spectral presaturation with inversion recovery, and multishot EPI-spectral presaturation with inversion recovery of the head and neck. In multiple anatomic regions, 2 independent readers assessed 5-point visual scores for fat-suppression uniformity and image distortion, and 1 reader measured the contrast-to-noise ratio and ADC.
RESULTS: The mean visual score for fat-suppression uniformity was higher in single-shot EPI-STIR than in other sequences (all regions except for the orbital region, P < .05). The mean visual score for image distortion was higher in multishot EPI-spectral presaturation with inversion recovery than in single-shot EPI sequences (all regions, P < .001). Contrast-to-noise ratio was mostly lower in single-shot EPI-STIR than in other sequences (P < .001), and ADC was significantly higher in multishot EPI-spectral presaturation with inversion recovery than in single-shot EPI sequences (P ≤ .001).
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, multishot EPI-spectral presaturation with inversion recovery provided the best image quality, with relatively homogeneous fat suppression, less image distortion than single-shot EPI sequences, and higher contrast-to-noise ratio than single-shot EPI-STIR. The measured ADC values can be higher in multishot EPI-spectral presaturation with inversion recovery, which necessitates cautious application of the previously reported ADC values to clinical settings.
PMID: 29122759 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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health technology; +178 new citations
178 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:
These pubmed results were generated on 2017/11/11
PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
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Early recurrence in patients undergoing curative resection of colorectal liver oligometastases: identification of its clinical characteristics, risk factors, and prognosis
Abstract
Purpose
Oligometastatic disease can potentially be cured when an optimal approach is performed. Early recurrence after liver resection is an intractable problem, and the clinical implications remain unknown in colorectal liver oligometastases (CLOM) patients. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and prognosis related to early recurrence in these patients.
Methods
A total of 307 consecutive patients with CLOM undergoing curative liver resection were retrospectively reviewed between September 1999 and June 2016. Early recurrence was defined as any recurrence or death from CLOM that occurred within 6 months of liver resection.
Results
With a median follow-up time of 31.7 months, the 3-year overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival rates were 68.7 and 42.5%, respectively. Forty-nine (16.0%) patients developed early recurrence and showed a poorer 3-year OS than those with non-early recurrence (22.3 vs. 75.8%, P < 0.001) or later recurrence (22.3 vs. 52.8 vs. 63.2%, P < 0.001). Moreover, early recurrence was identified as an independent predictor of 3-year OS [hazard ratio (HR) 6.282; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.980–9.915, P < 0.001]. In multivariate analysis, a node-positive primary tumor [odds ratio (OR) 2.316; 95% CI 1.097–4.892, P = 0.028) and metastatic diameter > 3 cm (OR 2.560; 95% CI 1.290–5.078; P = 0.007) were shown to be risk factors for early recurrence. The salvage liver resection rate for patients with early recurrence was significantly lower than that for patients with later recurrence (4.1 vs. 19.7%, P = 0.010).
Conclusions
Early recurrence should be investigated in routine clinical practice, even in patients with CLOM after curative liver resection. Detailed preoperative comprehensive measurements might help stratify high-risk patients, and a non-surgical treatment for early recurrence might represent an effective alternative.
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Pathomechanisms of Contact Sensitization
Abstract
Contact sensitization is the initial process involved in the development of an allergic reaction to xenobiotic environmental substances. Here, we briefly describe the differences between irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. Then, we highlight the essential steps involved in the development of an ACD reaction, i.e., the protein binding of haptens, genetic factors influencing the penetration of sensitizers into the skin, the different mechanisms driving the initial development of an inflammatory cytokine micromilieu enabling the full maturation of dendritic cells, the role of pre- and pro-haptens, antigen presentation and T cell activation via MHC and CD1 molecules, dendritic cell (DC) migration, and potential LC contribution as well as the different T cell subsets involved in ACD. In addition, we discuss the latest publications regarding factors that might influence the sensitizing potential such as repeated sensitizer application, penetration enhancers, humidity of the skin, microbiota, Tregs, and phthalates. Last but not least, we briefly touch upon novel targets for drug development that might serve as treatment options for ACD.
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IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 2396: Deduction of Novel Genes Potentially Involved in Osteoblasts of Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Next-Generation Sequencing and Bioinformatic Approaches
IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 2396: Deduction of Novel Genes Potentially Involved in Osteoblasts of Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Next-Generation Sequencing and Bioinformatic Approaches
International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms18112396
Authors: Yi-Jen Chen Wei-An Chang Ya-Ling Hsu Chia-Hsin Chen Po-Lin Kuo
The role of osteoblasts in peri-articular bone loss and bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has gained much attention, and microRNAs are hypothesized to play critical roles in the regulation of osteoblast function in RA. The aim of this study is to explore novel microRNAs differentially expressed in RA osteoblasts and to identify genes potentially involved in the dysregulated bone homeostasis in RA. RNAs were extracted from cultured normal and RA osteoblasts for sequencing. Using the next generation sequencing and bioinformatics approaches, we identified 35 differentially expressed microRNAs and 13 differentially expressed genes with potential microRNA–mRNA interactions in RA osteoblasts. The 13 candidate genes were involved mainly in cell–matrix adhesion, as classified by the Gene Ontology. Two genes of interest identified from RA osteoblasts, A-kinase anchoring protein 12 (AKAP12) and leucin rich repeat containing 15 (LRRC15), were found to express more consistently in the related RA synovial tissue arrays in the Gene Expression Omnibus database, with the predicted interactions with miR-183-5p and miR-146a-5p, respectively. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified AKAP12 as one of the genes involved in protein kinase A signaling and the function of chemotaxis, interconnecting with molecules related to neovascularization. The findings indicate new candidate genes as the potential indicators in evaluating therapies targeting chemotaxis and neovascularization to control joint destruction in RA.
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quality of care; +179 new citations
179 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:
These pubmed results were generated on 2017/11/11
PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
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Absence of lung fibrosis after a single pulmonary delivery of lipid nanocapsules in rats
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Second Radioiodine Treatment: Limited Benefit for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer with Loforegional Persistent Disease.
Second Radioiodine Treatment: Limited Benefit for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer with Loforegional Persistent Disease.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Nov 03;:
Authors: Hirsch D, Gorshtein A, Robenshtok E, Masri-Iraqi H, Akirov A, Duskin Bitan H, Shimon I, Benbassat C
Abstract
Purpose: Radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment is often indicated after total thyroidectomy in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, its role in biochemical or loco-regional persistent DTC is unclear. We aimed to investigate the impact of a second RAI treatment in patients with incomplete response to initial treatment and no evidence of distant metastases.
Methods: Patients who underwent at least two RAI treatments over a 20-year period at a tertiary hospital were identified. Thyroglobulin levels and neck imaging were compared before and 1-2 years after RAI retreatment and evaluated at the last visit.
Results: The cohort included 164 patients (103 female, mean age 46.6±17 years). Of 114 patients retreated without prior reoperation, 53 had structural disease. At 1-2 years after RIA retreatment, 10 of the 41 patients with sufficient data had structural progression, 5 resolution/shrinkage, and 26 stable disease. Stimulated thyroglobulin (stTg) measured 93.7.1±108 ng/ml before and 102.2±124 ng/ml after retreatment (p=NS). The other 61 patients had biochemical-only persistence. Their stTg level decreased from 41.9±56 to 24.6±54 ng/ml (p=0.003). The 50 patients who underwent neck reoperation before RAI retreatment showed no significant change in stTg; 21 (42%) still had imaging findings 1-2 years later. At final follow-up, despite additional treatment in 63/164 patients (38.4%), only 56/164 (34.1%) had no evidence of disease.
Conclusions: This comprehensive study showed very limited benefit of second RAI treatment in DTC patients with biochemical or loco-regional structural persistent disease. Prospective studies are needed to distinguish patients for whom repeated RAI may be indicated to avoid unnecessary exposure.
PMID: 29126111 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Comparison of Ultrasound Features of Primary Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Recurrent/Persistent Metastatic Cervical Lymph Nodes.
Comparison of Ultrasound Features of Primary Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Recurrent/Persistent Metastatic Cervical Lymph Nodes.
Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2017 Oct 30;39(5):675-681
Authors: Xu JZ, Liang ZY, Wang XH, Li XY, Liu HF, Wu Q, Liu RY, Yang X, Zhu SL, Zhao RN, Lai XJ, Zhang XY, Xi XH, Zhang B
Abstract
Objective To explore the ultrasound features and levels of cervical lymph node metastases in primary and recurrent/persistent papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 2181 patients who underwent cervical lymph nodes dissection for PTC from January 1<sup>st</sup> 2015 to January 1<sup>st</sup> 2016.Totally 418 PTC patients (with 622 lymph nodes) who met the inclusion criteria entered the final analysis.Patients who had not received any prior thyroid treatment (surgery with or without radioactive iodine) were categorized as the primary group (352 patients with 527 metastatic lymph nodes),and patients who had received prior treatment (thyroidectomy with or without radioactive iodine) for PTC were categorized as recurrent/persistent group (66 patients with 95 metastatic lymph nodes).Pathological results from lymph node dissections were used as the gold standards by means of level-to-level analysis.Results The mean of the minimum axis diameter of the lymph nodes in the primary group was (6.7±3.6)mm,and that of the recurrent/persistent group was (6.6±3.1)mm (U=0.180,P=0.857).The proportion of metastasis in the central area of primary group was 40.0%,which was significantly higher than that in the recurrent/persistent group (12.6%);the proportion of metastasis in the lateral area was 60.6% in the primary group,which was significantly lower than that in the recurrent/persistent group (87.4%)(χ<sup>2</sup>=26.288,P<0.001).In lateral metastatic lymph nodes,Ⅲ level was the most common place in both groups.Level Ⅴ metastatic lymph was rare in both primary group and recurrent/persistent group.Calcifications (63.1% vs. 48.2%;χ<sup>2</sup>=7.207,P=0.007) and peripheral vascularity (81.1% vs. 59.4%;χ<sup>2</sup>= 16.147, P<0.001) were more common in the recurrent/persistent group.The round shape,absence of an echogenic hilum,hyperechogenicity,and cystic aspects were not significantly different between these two groups (all P>0.05).Conclusions Primary metastatic lymph nodes often occur in the central area of lymph nodes,while lateral metastatic lymph nodes are more common in recurrent/persistent PTC.For metastatic lymph nodes,calcifications and peripheral vascularity are more common in recurrent/persistent PTC.
PMID: 29125111 [PubMed - in process]
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Salivary evaluation in radioactive I(131) treated patients with thyroid carcinoma.
Salivary evaluation in radioactive I(131) treated patients with thyroid carcinoma.
Acta Odontol Scand. 2017 Nov 10;:1-5
Authors: Daniel FI, Lima LD, Grando LJ, Castro R, Cordeiro EAK, Dos Santos CR
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: radioiodine treatment (I(131)) used to treat thyroid carcinomas produces side effects (sialadenitis, xerostomia, dysphagia and caries susceptibility) reflecting in a poor patient quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of I(131) on salivary function and possible oral impairment.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-seven patients undergoing I(131) were submitted to oral examination, answer questions regarding xerostomia/hyposalivation and collect saliva at three moments (M1: 30-45 days before I(131), M2: 1-2 days after I(131) and M3: 7-10 days after treatment). Saliva was assayed for flow rate and calcium/phosphate concentrations.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: significant difference in calcium/phosphate concentration was shown between M1 and M2, with evident decrease at M2. Flow rate reduced right after treatment with 41% of patients returning to previous rate at M3 (no statistical difference). A higher number of patients related xerostomia and difficulty in swallowing food at M2. The results showed that xerostomia/hyposalivation, dysphagia and calcium/phosphate concentration decrease may be considered early radioiodine side effects.
PMID: 29125000 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Biosensors, Vol. 7, Pages 50: An Electrochemical Enzyme Biosensor for 3-Hydroxybutyrate Detection Using Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified by Reduced Graphene Oxide and Thionine
Biosensors, Vol. 7, Pages 50: An Electrochemical Enzyme Biosensor for 3-Hydroxybutyrate Detection Using Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified by Reduced Graphene Oxide and Thionine
Biosensors doi: 10.3390/bios7040050
Authors: Gonzalo Martínez-García Elena Pérez-Julián Lourdes Agüí Naomí Cabré Jorge Joven Paloma Yáñez-Sedeño José Manuel Pingarrón
A biosensor for 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) involving immobilization of the enzyme 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase onto a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide (GO) and thionine (THI) is reported here. After addition of 3-hydroxybutyrate or the sample in the presence of NAD+ cofactor, the generated NADH could be detected amperometrically at 0.0 V vs. Ag pseudo reference electrode. Under the optimized experimental conditions, a calibration plot for 3-HB was constructed showing a wide linear range between 0.010 and 0.400 mM 3-HB which covers the clinically relevant levels for diluted serum samples. In addition, a limit of detection of 1.0 µM, much lower than that reported using other biosensors, was achieved. The analytical usefulness of the developed biosensor was demonstrated via application to spiked serum samples.
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Repeated Administration Effects on Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) Performance.
Repeated Administration Effects on Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) Performance.
Sleep. 2017 Nov 08;:
Authors: Basner M, Hermosillo E, Nasrini J, McGuire S, Saxena S, Moore TM, Gur RC, Dinges DF
Abstract
Study Objectives: The Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) is reported to be free of practice effects that can otherwise confound the effects of sleep loss and circadian misalignment on performance. This differentiates the PVT from more complex cognitive tests. To our knowledge, no study has systematically investigated practice effects on the PVT across multiple outcome domains, depending on administration interval, and in ecologically more valid settings.
Methods: We administered a validated 3-minute PVT (PVT-B) 16 times in 45 subjects (23 male, mean±SD age 32.6±7.3 years, range 25-54 years) with administration intervals of ≥10 days, ≤5 days, or 4 times per day. We investigated linear and logarithmic trends across repeated administrations in 10 PVT-B outcome variables.
Results: The fastest 10% of response times (RT; plin=0.0002), minimum RT (plog=0.0010), and the slowest 10% of reciprocal RT (plog=0.0124) increased while false starts (plog=0.0050) decreased with repeated administration, collectively decreasing RT variability (plog=0.0010) across administrations. However, the observed absolute changes were small (e.g., -0.03 false starts per administration, linear fit) and are likely irrelevant in practice. Test administration interval did not modify the effects of repeated administration on PVT-B performance (all p>0.13 for interaction). Importantly, mean and median response time, response speed, and lapses, which are among the most frequently used PVT outcomes, did not change systematically with repeated administration.
Conclusions: PVT-B showed stable performance across repeated administrations. Combined with its high sensitivity, this corroborates the status of the PVT as the de facto gold standard measure of the neurobehavioral effects of sleep loss and circadian misalignment.
PMID: 29126328 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Non suicidal self-injury, emotional eating and insomnia after child sexual abuse: Are those symptoms related to emotion regulation?
Non suicidal self-injury, emotional eating and insomnia after child sexual abuse: Are those symptoms related to emotion regulation?
J Forensic Leg Med. 2017 Nov 07;53:17-21
Authors: Demirci E
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article was to assess the effects of child sexual abuse (CSA) on emotion regulation (ER) in adolescents and to evaluate the relationships between non suicidal self-injury (NSSI), emotional eating, insomnia and emotion disregulation (ED).
METHOD: Fifty two adolescents, aged 10-18 years, without who weren't diagnosed a psychiatric disease before abuse and completed 6-months of follow-up after abuse included the study. Control group consisted of 33 healthy voluntary participants without any known psychiatric disorders. Patients and volunteers who participated in the study were assessed with the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury (ISAS), Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia severity index (ISI), and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS).
RESULTS: In our study, PSQI scores, DERS total scores and DEBQ emotional eating subscores were significantly higher in the CSA victims (In orderly; p = 0,034, p < 0.001, p = 0,023). 55.7% of the CSA victims reported self-injurious behavior, while 15.5% of healthy voluntary participants reporting self-injurious behavior. The CSA victims reporting NSSI had higher DERS scores than CSA victims without NSSI. (p = 0.024). The CSA victims with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and CSA victims without PTSD had a positive correlation between DEBQ emotional eating subscores and DERS total scores (In orderly: r = 0.762, p = 0.031; r = 0.872, p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the PSQI scores and DERS scores in the CSA victims with PTSD (r = 0.827, p = 0.023).
CONCLUSION: Further studies are needed to assess the relationship between self-injury, emotional eating, insomnia and ED, and to determine how sexual abuse effect the ER in a clinical sample of CSA.
PMID: 29125997 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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A stereo EEG study in a patient with sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy due to DEPDC5 mutation.
A stereo EEG study in a patient with sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy due to DEPDC5 mutation.
Seizure. 2017 Nov 04;53:51-54
Authors: Ferri L, Bisulli F, Mai R, Licchetta L, Leta C, Nobili L, Mostacci B, Pippucci T, Tinuper P
Abstract
PURPOSE: Dishevelled EGL-10 and pleckstrin domain-containing protein 5 (DEPDC5) mutations are found in a wide spectrum of focal epilepsies ranging from epilepsy caused by malformation of cortical development to non-lesional epilepsy, including sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE). A surgical approach has been anecdotally reported in patients with DEPDC5 mutations, but most of these cases had a lesional etiology.
METHODS: We describe a stereo-EEG (SEEG) study in a patient with drug-resistant/non-lesional SHE. Patient was screened for known mutations associated with SHE.
RESULTS: SEEG disclosed bilateral synchronous and independent activity prevailing on the right central-anterior cingulate cortex, without a clear spatially defined epileptogenic zone. Due to the lack of a clear epileptogenic zone, surgery was contraindicated. Years later a DEPDC5 mutation was identified.
CONCLUSION: We suggest that genetic analysis should be considered before performing SEEG study in a patient with drug resistant non-lesional SHE, in the presence of seizures in wakefulness and unclear anatomo-electroclinical correlation. If DEPDC5 mutations are identified, the presurgical evaluation should be tailored to look for MRI-negative focal cortical dysplasia and a wide epileptogenic network. The appropriate management and potential benefit of surgery for genetic non-lesional epilepsy have yet to be clarified.
PMID: 29125946 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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