Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists (SCRAs) Induced Seizure: A Case Report

2016-11-01T15-47-18Z
Source: Bağımlılık Dergisi - Journal of Dependence
Merih Altıntaş, Murat Kuru.
With an ever-increasing prevalence, exposing new challenges to healthcare personnel, the use of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) affects many systems. Clinical manifestations that may be caused by it become more predictable day by day thanks to increasing number of case reports on this issue. The use of these substances gives rise to serious side effects, which in turn affect psychiatric, neurological, cardiovascular, renal and pulmonary systems. Recently, we also witness a growing number of reports indicating that SCRAs would lead to seizures. It is considered that notably the patients referred to emergency rooms due to SCRA induced toxicity may be experiencing a series of life-threatening clinical presentations, one of which would probably be seizure, and which may sometimes require intensive care follow-up. This shows that all clinicians and the society should be highly aware of and get prepared for potential hazards to be triggered by use of SCRAs. This report makes mention of a case where a patient without any record of seizure in his medical history, who experienced his first epileptic seizure following SCRAs induced intoxication, and where the seizure was hardly terminated.


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The Royal Road to the Obesity: A Case Report of Food Addiction

2016-11-01T15-47-18Z
Source: Bağımlılık Dergisi - Journal of Dependence
Ali Kandeğer, Hasan Bozkurt.
Increasing prevalence of obesity in the world and increasing role of processed foods in daily life has led to become the focal point of food addiction. In recent years, the animal studies and human brain imaging studies demonstrated the neurobiological and behavioral similarities between drug addiction and food addiction. Here, we aim to present a 13 year-old, female, adolescent who applied with complaints of anger and irritability and shows serious addictive behaviors of chocolate. Our patient with increasing chocolate consumption in the last two years was using atomoxetine 60 mg/day with ADHD. She gradually needs to more chocolate to be satisfied. She has complained of nervousness, irritability and serious chocolate-seeking behavior during chocolate deprivation. She gained weight in proportion to the increase in chocolate consumption. Her daily diet was increasingly deteriorated. We used behavioral approach and sertraline in her treatment and were observed that partially benefit from treatment. Combined data from retrospective accounts of adults and prospective observations of youth indicates that juveniles with ADHD are at increased risk for cigarette smoking and substance abuse and behavioral addiction such as internet addiction, gambling and sex addiction during adolescence. Recognition of the food addiction is important to fight against obesity, strengthening the treatment of choice in the food addiction and take political measures against food addiction is becoming inevitable.


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The Relationship between Perceived Parental Acceptance-Rejection and Self Destructive Behavior, Suicidal Ideation and Childhood Traumas in Cannabis Users

2016-11-01T15-47-18Z
Source: Bağımlılık Dergisi - Journal of Dependence
Sevim Berrin İnci, Melis İpçi, Ayşe Ender Altıntoprak, Ülkü Akyol Ardıç, Eyüp Sabri Ercan.
Objective: The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between perceived parental acceptance-rejection in childhood and self destructive behavior, suicidal ideation and childhood traumas. Method: The sample consisted of 75 cannabis users men and control group that includes 75 men aged between 18-45 years of age.Cannabis users were enrolled in probationers from substance dependence unit in department of Psychiatry of the Ege University during the first consultation. The study consisted of 75 cannabis users men and control group that includes 75 men. Data were collected via the Demographic Information Form, Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire and Suicidal Behavior scale. MANOVA, Regression, t-test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were performed. Results: The results showed that cannabis users perceived more reject from their parents. The findings revealed that there is a relationship between perceived parental acceptance-rejection and physical, verbal and emotional abuse in childhood. Cannabis users were more exposed to trauma in childhood than control group. In addition, suicial ideation was significantly associated with perceived acceptance from mother, also self-destructive behavior was associated with perceived acceptance from father. Conclusion: This study revealed that parental acceptance-rejection in cannabis users should be considered as a significant variable for self-destructive behavior, suicidal ideation and chidhood traumas.


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Validity and Reliability of DSM-5 Level 2 Substance Use Disorder Scale- Turkish Version

2016-11-01T15-47-18Z
Source: Bağımlılık Dergisi - Journal of Dependence
Şermin Yalın Sapmaz, Enis Sargın, Canem Ergin, Handan Özek Erkuran, Masum Öztürk, Ömer Aydemir.
Introduction: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of Turkish version of DSM-5 Level 2 Substance Use Disorder Scale. Methods: Study groups consisted of a clinical sample diagnosed with substance use disorder being treated in a child psychiatry unit and a community sample. A total number of 92 parents and 128 adolescents were included in the study. Clinical sample consisted of 34 adolescents between 11-17 years old that were diagnosed with substance use disorder according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and being followed up in Celal Bayar University Medical School Child Psychiatry Unit and Alcohol and Substance Treatment Unit for Children and Adolescents of Tepecik Research and Training Hospital and 33 parents. Addiction Profile Index for Adolescents (BAPI) form was used along with DSM-5 Level 2 Substance Use Disorder Scale for assessment. For reliability analyses, internal consistency coefficient and item-total score correlation analysis were carried out while concurrent validity was measured for validity analyses as well as developing ROC curve to identify discriminative quality of the scale regarding clinical and community samples. Results: Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient was found as 0.847 and 0.760 for child and parent forms, respectively as the result of reliability analyses. Regarding concurrent validity, correlation of the scales child form with BAPI- Adolescent form was 0.742. Area under the ROC curve as a result of ROC analysis yielded a measure of 0.964 for child form and 0.990 for parent form. Conclusion: Results indicate that DSM-5 Level 2 Substance Use Disorder Scale- Turkish Version could be utilized as a valid and reliable instrument for both clinical and research purposes.


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Description and Features of Risky Alcohol Drinking Behaviour

2016-11-01T15-47-18Z
Source: Bağımlılık Dergisi - Journal of Dependence
Erdal Vardar.
Today, alcohol one of the most popular substance in the world. There are various characteristics of alcohol consumption behaviour person to person. Also, there are social inequalities in drinking behaviors between the countries. The consume of four to five drink in a single occasion is a Risky single-occasion drinking (RSOD) behaviour sample. Risky single-occasion drinking (RSOD) is more common in late adolescence and early adulthood than in older age. Recently, RSOD has remarkable possible and negative health effects was depicted. Espacially adolescent and young people consume alcohol as risky drinking behaviour for joyfull activities. This is also the age when young people in most countries are legally allowed to buy and drink alcohol, but they usually do not yet have adult responsibilities. For these reason, Adolescent and young persons are the most risky group for the RSOD behaviour. Finally, this trouble has more attracht attention because of the adolescent have a lot of hospital admission due to alcohol intoxication, about negatif health effects and legal issuese. This paper reviews of literature about RSOD and provides prevention of the RSOD.


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Effects of the transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect on electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters six months after the closure

2016-11-01T07-05-05Z
Source: Medicine Science | International Medical Journal
Halil Atas, Mehmet Cansel, Ertugrul Kurtoglu, Hasan Pekdemir, Ramazan Ozdemir.
Although percutaneous transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) closure (TCC) has been performed on adults for a long time there is limited data about the effects of the procedure in the literature and the majority of studies have been performed on children. The study purposed to evaluate the impact of TCC on cardiac remodeling, electrical changes and exercise capacity in adults. Transthoracic echocardiography and electrocardiography were performed one day before and six months after TCC in 27 consecutive patients who underwent successful TCC. Twenty-seven age and sex matched healthy subjects were used as control group. Right ventricular (RV) diameter (had decreased from 44±6.3 to 34±3.9; p


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The Most Influential Scientist in the Development of Medical informatics (14): Branko Cesnik

2016-11-01T00-07-38Z
Source: Acta Informatica Medica
Izet Masic.



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Study of Scientific Production of Community Medicines’ Department Indexed in ISI Citation Databases

2016-11-01T00-07-38Z
Source: Acta Informatica Medica
Mohammad Khademloo, Ali Akbar Khaseh, Hasan Siamian, Kobra Aligolbandi, Mahsoomeh Latifi, Mousa Yaminfirooz.
Background. In the scientometric, the main criterion in determining the scientific position and ranking of the scientific centers, particularly the universities, is the rate of scientific production and innovation, and in all participations in the global scientific development. One of the subjects more involved in repeatedly dealt with science and technology and effective on the improvement of health is medical science fields. In this research using scientometric and citation analysis, we studied the rate of scientific productions in the field of community medicine, which is the numbers of articles published and indexed in ISI database from 2000 to 2010. Methods: This study is scientometric using the survey and analytical citation. The study samples included all of the articles in the ISI database from 2000 to 2010. For the data collection, the advance method of searching was used at the ISI database. The ISI analyses software and descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results: Results showed that among the five top universities in producing documents, Tehran University of Medical Sciences with 88 (22.22%) documents are allocated to the first rank of scientific products. M. Askarian with 36 (90/9%) published documents; most of the scientific outputs in Community medicine, in the international arena is the most active author in this field. In collaboration with other writers, Iranian departments of Community Medicine with 27 published articles have the greatest participation with scholars of English authors. In the process of scientific outputs, the results showed that the scientific process was in its lowest in the years 2000 to 2004, and while the department of Community medicine in 2009 allocated most of the production process to itself. Iranian Journal of Public Health and Saudi Medical Journal each of them had 16 articles which had most participation rate in the publishing of community medicine's department. On the type of carrier, community medicine's department by presentation of 340(85.86%) articles had presented most of their scientific productions in the format of article, also in the field of community medicine outputs, article entitled: "Iron loading and erythrophagocytosis increase ferroportin 1 (FPN1) expression in J774 macrophages"(1) with 81 citations ranked first in cited articles. Subject areas of occupational health with 70 articles and subject areas of general medicine with 69 articles ranked the most active research areas in the Production of community medicine's department. Conclusion: the obtained data showed the much growth of scientific production. The Tehran University of medical Sciences ranked the first in publishing articles in community medicine's department and with most collaboration with community medicine department of England writers in this field and most writers will present their works in paper format.


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Applying Naive Bayesian Networks to Disease Prediction: a Systematic Review

2016-11-01T00-07-38Z
Source: Acta Informatica Medica
Mostafa Langarizadeh, Fateme Moghbeli.
Introduction: Naive Bayesian networks (NBNs) are one of the most effective and simplest Bayesian networks for prediction. Objective: This paper aims to review published evidence about the application of NBNs in predicting disease and it tries to show NBNs as the fundamental algorithm for the best performance in comparison with other algorithms. Methods: PubMed was electronically checked for articles published between 2005 and 2015. For characterizing eligible articles, a comprehensive electronic searching method was conducted. Inclusion criteria were determined based on NBN and its effects on disease prediction. A total of 99 articles were found. After excluding the duplicates (n= 5), the titles and abstracts of 94 articles were skimmed according to the inclusion criteria. Finally, 38 articles remained. They were reviewed in full text and 15 articles were excluded. Eventually, 23 articles were selected which met our eligibility criteria and were included in this study. Result: In this article, the use of NBN in predicting diseases was described. Finally, the results were reported in terms of Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity and Area under ROC curve (AUC). The last column in Table 2 shows the differences between NBNs and other algorithms. Discussion: This systematic review (23 studies, 53,725 patients) indicates that predicting diseases based on a NBN had the best performance in most diseases in comparison with the other algorithms. Finally in most cases NBN works better than other algorithms based on the reported accuracy. Conclusion: The method, termed NBNs is proposed and can efficiently construct a prediction model for disease.


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Information Expensiveness Perceived by Vietnamese Patients with Respect to Healthcare Provider’s Choice

2016-11-01T00-07-38Z
Source: Acta Informatica Medica
Vuong Quan-Hoang.
Background: Patients have to acquire information to support their decision on choosing a suitable healthcare provider. But in developing countries like Vietnam, accessibility issues remain an obstacle, thus adversely affect both quality and costliness of healthcare information. Vietnamese use both sources from health professionals and friends/relatives, especially when quality of the Internet-based cheaper sources appear to be still questionable. The search of information from both professionals and friends/relatives incurs some cost, which can be viewed as low or high depending low or high accessibility to the sources. These views potentially affect their choices. Aim and Objectives: To investigate the effects that medical/health services information on perceived expensiveness of patients' labor costs. Two related objectives are: a) establishing empirical relations between accessibility to sources and expensiveness; and, b) probabilistic trends of probabilities for perceived expensiveness. Results: There is evidence for established relations among the variables "Convexp" and "Convrel" (all p's

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The Prediction of the Risk Level of Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Vein Thrombosis through Artificial Neural Network

2016-11-01T00-07-38Z
Source: Acta Informatica Medica
Laleh Agharezaei, Zhila Agharezaei, Ali Nemati, Kambiz Bahaadinbeigy, Farshid Keynia, Mohammad Reza Baneshi, Abedin Iranpour, Moslem Agharezaei.
Background: Venous thromboembolism is a common cause of mortality among hospitalized patients and yet it is preventable through detecting the precipitating factors and a prompt diagnosis by specialists. The present study has been carried out in order to assist specialists in the diagnosis and prediction of the risk level of pulmonary embolism in patients, by means of artificial neural network. Method: A number of 31 risk factors have been used in this study in order to evaluate the conditions of 294 patients hospitalized in 3 educational hospitals affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Two types of artificial neural networks, namely Feed-Forward Back Propagation and Elman Back Propagation, were compared in this study. Results: Through an optimized artificial neural network model, an accuracy and risk level index of 93.23 percent was achieved and, subsequently, the results have been compared with those obtained from the perfusion scan of the patients. 86.61 percent of high risk patients diagnosed through perfusion scan diagnostic method were also diagnosed correctly through the method proposed in the present study. Conclusions: The results of this study can be a good resource for physicians, medical assistants, and healthcare staff to diagnose high risk patients more precisely and prevent the mortalities. Additionally, expenses and other unnecessary diagnostic methods such as perfusion scans can be efficiently reduced.


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Accuracy of Conventional Diagnostic Methods for Identifying Structural Changes in Patients with Focal Epilepsy

2016-11-01T00-07-38Z
Source: Acta Informatica Medica
Nazim Dakaj, Jera Kruja, Fisnik Jashari, Dren Boshnjaku, Nexhat Shatri, Kamber Zeqiraj.
Background: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by abnormal firing of nerve impulses in the brain. Aim: This study aims to investigate the frequency of appearance of pathological changes in conventional examination methods (electroencephalography–EEG, brain computerized tomography -CT or brain magnetic resonance imaging – MRI) in patients with epilepsy, and relationship between clinical manifestations and localization of changes in CT or MRI. Methods: In this study we have included 110 patients with focal epilepsy who fulfilled the inclusion criteria out of 557 initially diagnosed patients. Detailed clinical examination together with brain imaging (CT and MRI) and electroencephalography examination was performed. We have evaluated the accuracy of each diagnostic method to localize the epileptic focus. Diagnosis of epilepsy was determined by the ILAE (International League Against Epilepsy) criteria of the year 1989, and classification of epileptic seizures was made according to the ILAE classification 2010. Results: Electroencephalography presented changes in 60.9% of patients; brain CT in 42.1%, and MRI in 78% of the patients. The results of our study showed that clinical manifestations were not always conveyed with pathological changes in conventional examining methods performed. Of the total of 79 patients with changes in imaging (8 with changes in CT and 71 in MRI), 79.7% presented a clinical picture compatible with the region in which morphological changes were found, while in 20.3% of patients the presented morphological changes were not aligned with the clinical picture. Conclusion: In patients with epilepsy, conventional examination methods do not always find pathological changes, while clinical manifestations of epilepsy did not always coincide with the location of changes in imaging. Further studies are needed to see if there is clear border between focal and generalized epilepsy.


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Evaluation the Relationship Between Thyroid Nodule Size with Malignancy and Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB)

2016-11-01T00-07-38Z
Source: Acta Informatica Medica
Gholamali Godazandeh, Zahra Kashi, Sadegh Zargarnataj, Mehran Fazli, Robab Ebadi, Ensiyeh Hajializadeh Kerdabadi.
Introduction: Some studies have shown largest thyroid nodule size, especially ≥4cm that can predict malignancy and reduce fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) accuracy. Therefore, this study is designed to evaluate relationship between thyroid nodule sizes with malignancy and its effect on FNBA accuracy. Materials and Methods: a retrospective analytical study design aims to investigate all patients with thyroid nodules who referred to surgery department of Imam-Khomeini Hospital of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in Sari from 20 March 2008 to 22 March 2014. We collected patient's demographic data, nodules size, FNAB reports and final pathology (after surgery) reports from their medical records. All data were analyses performed by SPSS18. Results: 167 patients (153 women) with mean age of 41.56±13.24 years old were enrolled for this study. In final pathology; 38 patients (22.8%) had malignant nodules. The mean age of patients with or without malignant nodules were 34.93±11.86 and 42.37±12.26 years old, respectively (P=0.002). The mean size of benign and malignant nodules were 2.91±1.29 cm and 3.38±1.86 cm, respectively (P=0.15). 25.2% of


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Effect of Lead Nanoparticles Inhalation on Bone Calcium Sensing Receptor, Hydroxyapatite Crystal and Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B in Rats

2016-11-01T00-07-38Z
Source: Acta Informatica Medica
Rendra Leonas, Zairin Noor, Hermawan Nagar Rasyid, Tita Husnitawati Madjid, Fachry Ambia Tanjung.
This study aimed to investigate whether Pb nanoparticle exposure affects the bone calcium sensing receptor (CaSR), hydroxyapatite crystal, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK) in rats exposed to subchronic and chronic inhalation. Thirty two rats were randomly divided into eight groups. One group is a non-exposed group. While three groups were exposed to nanoparticles Pb at the following doses 6.25; 12.5; or 25 mg/m3 an hour daily for 28 days. Another three groups were exposed to nanoparticles Pb at following doses 6.25; 12.5; and 25 mg/m3 one hour daily for 6 months. The expression of trabecular CaSR was significantly decreased at the all doses subchronic exposure compared to the control group (P

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Differential Diagnosis of Erythmato-Squamous Diseases Using Classification and Regression Tree

2016-11-01T00-07-38Z
Source: Acta Informatica Medica
Keivan Maghooli, Mostafa Langarizadeh, Leila Shahmoradi, Mahdi Habibi-koolaee, Mohamad Jebraeily, Hamid Bouraghi.
Introduction: Differential diagnosis of Erythmato-Squamous Diseases (ESD) is a major challenge in the field of dermatology. The ESD diseases are placed into six different classes. Data mining is the process for detection of hidden patterns. In the case of ESD, data mining help us to predict the diseases. Different algorithms were developed for this purpose. Objective: we aimed to use the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) to predict differential diagnosis of ESD. Methods: we used the Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) methodology. For this purpose, the dermatology data set from machine learning repository, UCI was obtained. The Clementine 12.0 software from IBM Company was used for modelling. In order to evaluation of the model we calculate the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the model. Results: The proposed model had an accuracy of 94.84% (Standard Deviation: 24.42) in order to correct prediction of the ESD disease. Conclusions: Results indicated that using of this classifier could be useful. But, it would be strongly recommended that the combination of machine learning methods could be more useful in terms of prediction of ESD.


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Molecular Dynamic Screening Sesquiterpenoid Pogostemon Herba as Suggested Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor

2016-11-01T00-07-38Z
Source: Acta Informatica Medica
Sentot Joko Raharjo, Takeshi Kikuchi.
Objective: Virtual molecular dynamic sesquiterpenoid Pogostemon Herba (CID56928117, CID94275, CID107152, and CID519743) have screening as cyclooxygenase (COX-1/ COX-2) selective inhibitor. Methods: Molecular interaction studies sesquiterpenoid compounds with COX-1 and COX-2 were using the molecular docking tools by Hex 8.0 and interactions were further visualized using by Discovery Studio Client 3.5 software tool and Virtual Molecular Dynamic 1.9.1 software. The binding energy calculation of molecular dynamic interaction was calculated by AMBER12 software. Result: The analysis of the sesquiterpenoid compounds showed that CID56928117, CID94275, CID107152, and CID519743 have suggested as inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2. Conclusion: Collectively, the scoring binding energy calculation (with PBSA Model Solvent) sesquiterpenoid compounds: CID519743 had suggested as candidate for non-selective inhibitor; CID56928117 and CID94275 had suggested as candidate for a selective COX-1 inhibitor; and CID107152 had suggested as candidate for a selective COX-2 inhibitor.


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Examination of The Predictive Power of Electromyography and Urodynamic Study in Patients with Cauda Equina Syndrome (Horse Tail Syndrome)

2016-11-01T00-07-38Z
Source: Acta Informatica Medica
Mohammadreza Shahmohammadi, Reza Jalil Khoshuod, Alireza Zali, Amir Saied Seddeghi, Nima Mohseni Kabir.
Background: Cauda equina syndrome is a rare disorder that causes loss of Lumbar plexus function (nerve roots) lower than conus medullaris. No risk factor has been defined for this disease yet. Due to the high morbidity of Cauda equina syndrome and lack of sufficient information about the connection between the disease and urodynamic findings and EMG (Electromyography) findings, the need for this comprehensive study is felt. Objective: The aim is to determine the predictive power of findings resulted from urodynamics and electromyography of perineal region and around sphincter in the clinical cure rate of urination in patients with urinary retention followed by Cauda equina syndrome. Method: Patients referred to Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital during the years 2009 to 2013, in case of having Cauda equina syndrome symptoms (confirmed with Lumbar MRI), were undergone urodynamic examination and perineal electromyography after surgical decompression action. These both assessments (urodynamic study and electromyography) were repeated during the follow-up of 15 patients in the first and sixth months after surgery and findings were compared with each other. Results: Among the Urodynamic findings, Qmax (maximum urine flow) during three studies had a significant relationship with long-term recovery rate of patients (P


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Comparing Three Data Mining Methods to Predict Kidney Transplant Survival

2016-11-01T00-07-38Z
Source: Acta Informatica Medica
Leila Shahmoradi, Mostafa Langarizadeh, Gholamreza Pourmand, Ziba Aghsaei Fard, Alireza Borhani.
Introduction: One of the most important complications of post-transplant is rejection. Analyzing survival is one of the areas of medical prognosis and data mining, as an effective approach, has the capacity of analyzing and estimating outcomes in advance through discovering appropriate models among data. The present study aims at comparing the effectiveness of C5.0 algorithms, neural network and C&RTree to predict kidney transplant survival before transplant. Method: To detect factors effective in predicting transplant survival, information needs analysis was performed via a researcher-made questionnaire. A checklist was prepared and data of 513 kidney disease patient files were extracted from Sina Urology Research Center. Following CRISP methodology for data mining, IBM SPSS Modeler 14.2, C5.0, C&RTree algorithms and neural network were used. Results: Body Mass Index (BMI), cause of renal dysfunction and duration of dialysis were evaluated in all three models as the most effective factors in transplant survival. C5.0 algorithm with the highest validity (96.77%) was the first in estimating kidney transplant survival in patients followed by C&RTree (83.7%) and neural network (79.5%) models. Conclusion: Among the three models, C5.0 algorithm was the top model with high validity that confirms its strength in predicting survival. The most effective kidney transplant survival factors were detected in this study; therefore, duration of transplant survival (year) can be determined considering the regulations set for a new sample with specific characteristics.


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