Publication date: Available online 17 January 2018
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Chao Wu, Juan Huang, Wen-Bin Xu, Yong-Jing Guan, Hua-Wei Ling, Jian-Qing Mi, Hua Yan
Rationale and ObjectivesThis study aimed to measure apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma by whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (WB-DWI MRI) and assess the diagnostic accuracy of ADC in the discrimination of deep response to induction chemotherapy.Materials and MethodsSeventeen patients underwent WB-DWI MRI before and after induction chemotherapy (week 20). DWI images and ADC maps were produced and 89 regions of interest were chosen. ADC percent changes were compared between deep (complete response or very good partial response) and non–deep responders (partial response, minimal response, stable disease, or progressive disease) as International Myeloma Working Group criteria. Diagnostic accuracy of ADC was calculated using specific cut offs. Predictive positive value of ADC was calculated to predict deep response to consolidation therapy.ResultsLesions reduced in size and number and signal intensity decreased in follow-up DWI, which did not differ between deep and non–deep responders. ADC percent changes were significantly higher in deep responders (36.79%) than in non–deep responders (11.50%) after induction therapy (P = .02) in per lesion analysis. ADC percent increases by 46.96%, 78.0% yielded specificity at 81.4%, 90.7% in discriminating deep response to induction therapy. Predictive positive value predicting deep response to consolidation therapy was 60.5% by using ADC cutoff >1.00 × 10−3 mm2/s at week 20.ConclusionsADC from WB-DWI MRI increased remarkably in patients who achieved deep response at the end of induction chemotherapy, which represented a confirmatory diagnostic tool to discriminate deep response to induction therapy for patients with multiple myeloma. ADC may have a potential to predict deep response to consolidation therapy.
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Τετάρτη 17 Ιανουαρίου 2018
Discriminating Depth of Response to Therapy in Multiple Myeloma Using Whole-body Diffusion-weighted MRI with Apparent Diffusion Coefficient
Associations of County-level Radiologist and Mammography Facility Supply with Screening Mammography Rates in the United States
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Andrew B. Rosenkrantz, Linda Moy, Margaret M. Fleming, Richard Duszak
Rationale and ObjectivesThe present study aims to assess associations of Medicare beneficiary screening mammography rates with local mammography facility and radiologist availability.Materials and MethodsMammography screening rates for Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries were obtained for US counties using the County Health Rankings data set. County-level certified mammography facility counts were obtained from the United States Food and Drug Administration. County-level mammogram-interpreting radiologist and breast imaging subspecialist counts were determined using Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services fee-for-service claims files. Spearman correlations and multivariable linear regressions were performed using counties' facility and radiologist counts, as well as counts normalized to counties' Medicare fee-for-service beneficiary volume and land area.ResultsAcross 3035 included counties, average screening mammography rates were 60.5% ± 8.2% (range 26%–88%). Correlations between county-level screening rates and total mammography facilities, facilities per 100,000 square mile county area, total mammography-interpreting radiologists, and mammography-interpreting radiologists per 100,000 county-level Medicare beneficiaries were all weak (r = 0.22–0.26). Correlations between county-level screening rates and mammography rates per 100,000 Medicare beneficiaries, total breast imaging subspecialist radiologists, and breast imaging subspecialist radiologists per 100,000 Medicare beneficiaries were all minimal (r = 0.06–0.16). Multivariable analyses overall demonstrated radiologist supply to have a stronger independent effect than facility supply, although effect sizes remained weak for both.ConclusionMammography facility and radiologist supply-side factors are only weakly associated with county-level Medicare beneficiary screening mammography rates, and as such, screening mammography may differ from many other health-care services. Although efforts to enhance facility and radiologist supply may be helpful, initiatives to improve screening mammography rates should focus more on demand-side factors, such as patient education and primary care physician education and access.
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Does Second Reader Opinion Affect Patient Management in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma?
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Giuseppe Corrias, Sandra Huicochea Castellanos, Ryan Merkow, Russel Langan, Vinod Balachandran, Monica Ragucci, Gabriella Carollo, Marcello Mancini, Luca Saba, Lorenzo Mannelli
Rationale and ObjectivesTo determine the impact of second-opinion assessment on cancer staging and patient management in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Methods and MaterialsThis retrospective study was approved by our institutional review board with a waiver of informed consent. Second-opinion reports between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2013, alongside outside reports for 65 consecutive cases of biopsy-proven pancreatic adenocarcinomas, were presented in random order to two experienced abdominal surgeons who independently reviewed them blinded to the origin of the report, images of the examinations, and patient identifier. Each surgeon filled in a questionnaire for each report recommending cancer staging and patient management. Recommended patient management and staging were evaluated against reference standards (actual patient management at 6 months following second-opinion assessment, and pathology or other clinical and imaging reference standards at 6 months or longer, respectively) using Cohen kappa.ResultsCancer staging differed in 13% (9 of 65) of cases for surgeon 1 and in 18.4% (12 of 65) for surgeon 2. Patient management changed in 38.4% (25 of 65) of cases for surgeon 1 and in 20% (13 of 65) for surgeon 2. When compared to the pathologic staging gold standard, second opinion was correct in 85.7% (six of seven) of the time for both surgeons. Recommended patient management from second-opinion reports showed good agreement with the reference standard (weighted k = 0.6467 [0.4014–0.892] and weighted k = 0.6262 [0.3954–0.857] for surgeon 2).ConclusionSecond-opinion review by subspecialized oncologic radiologists can impact patient care, specifically in terms of management decision.
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Automated Radiology-Pathology Module Correlation Using a Novel Report Matching Algorithm by Organ System
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Bari Dane, Ankur Doshi, Soterios Gfytopoulos, Priya Bhattacharji, Michael Recht, William Moore
Objectives and RationaleRadiology-pathology correlation is time-consuming and is not feasible in most clinical settings, with the notable exception of breast imaging. The purpose of this study was to determine if an automated radiology-pathology report pairing system could accurately match radiology and pathology reports, thus creating a feedback loop allowing for more frequent and timely radiology-pathology correlation.MethodsAn experienced radiologist created a matching matrix of radiology and pathology reports. These matching rules were then exported to a novel comprehensive radiology-pathology module. All distinct radiology-pathology pairings at our institution from January 1, 2016 to July 1, 2016 were included (n = 8999). The appropriateness of each radiology-pathology report pairing was scored as either "correlative" or "non-correlative." Pathology reports relating to anatomy imaged in the specific imaging study were deemed correlative, whereas pathology reports describing anatomy not imaged with the particular study were denoted non-correlative.ResultsOverall, there was 88.3% correlation (accuracy) of the radiology and pathology reports (n = 8999). Subset analysis demonstrated that computed tomography (CT) abdomen/pelvis, CT head/neck/face, CT chest, musculoskeletal CT (excluding spine), mammography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abdomen/pelvis, MRI brain, musculoskeletal MRI (excluding spine), breast MRI, positron emission tomography (PET), breast ultrasound, and head/neck ultrasound all demonstrated greater than 91% correlation. When further stratified by imaging modality, CT, MRI, mammography, and PET demonstrated excellent correlation (greater than 96.3%). Ultrasound and non-PET nuclear medicine studies demonstrated poorer correlation (80%).ConclusionThere is excellent correlation of radiology imaging reports and appropriate pathology reports when matched by organ system. Rapid, appropriate radiology-pathology report pairings provide an excellent opportunity to close feedback loop to the interpreting radiologist.
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Die Rolle des PSMA-PET/CT bei Patienten mit metastasiertem Prostatakarzinom
Zusammenfassung
Die PSMA-PET/CT-Bildgebung ist zur Lokalisation des Prostatakarzinoms (PCa) in Deutschland zunehmend verfügbar. Die Vor- und Nachteile in den verschiedenen Krankheitsstadien werden evaluiert. Da die klinische Relevanz des Nachweises einer Oligometastasierung in der Primärdiagnostik bisher nicht ausreichend beurteilt werden kann, sollte die Bildgebung nur in klinischen Studien erfolgen. In der Rezidivdiagnostik nach einer Therapie mit kurativer Intention besitzt die PSMA-PET/CT-Bildgebung wertvolles Potential für die Planung einer möglichen Salvagetherapie. Für die Nutzung der PSMA-PET/CT-Bildgebung im metastasierten kastrationsresistenten PCa gibt es aktuell keine Evidenz.
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Welche Fußfehlbildungen sollte der Radiologe kennen?
Zusammenfassung
Die meisten Fehlbildungen des Fußes sind bereits bei Geburt sichtbar und ohne Bildgebung zu diagnostizieren. Sie können in angeborene flexible, angeborene strukturelle und erworbene Fußfehlbildungen unterteilt werden. Die häufigste angeborene flexible Fußdeformität beim Kind ist der Sichelfuß, der meistens keine längerfristige Therapie benötigt. Bei den kongenital strukturellen Fehlbildungen, wie sie beim Klumpfuß und Talus verticalis vorliegen, sollte im Lauf der ersten Lebenswoche eine Gipstherapie begonnen werden, damit bis zum Ende des ersten Lebensjahrs und Beginn der Vertikalisierung ein schmerzfrei belastbarer Fuß mit normaler Funktion vorhanden ist. Eine Bildgebung ist meist erst dann notwendig, wenn ein Rezidiv entsteht. Eine tarsale Coalitio wird häufig erst im Lauf des Wachstums durch die Entwicklung eines rigiden Knickfußes sichtbar und bedarf immer einer Bildgebung zur Diagnosesicherung. Der vorliegende Artikel soll dem Radiologen eine Übersicht über die wichtigsten Fußfehlbildungen geben und über deren Verlauf und Therapie informieren.
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Mesenchymale Tumoren des Abdomens
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Mitteilungen des Berufsverbandes der Deutschen Radiologen
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Increased whole blood FFA2/GPR43 receptor expression is associated with increased 30-day survival in patients with sepsis
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Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: a 4-year experience from two tertiary care centres in Cameroon
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Correlation between disease activity and serum ferritin in clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis with rapidly-progressive interstitial lung disease: a case report
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Nonmedical prescription opioid use and illegal drug use: initiation trajectory and related risks among people who use illegal drugs in Vancouver, Canada
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JFB, Vol. 9, Pages 8: DNA-Based Single-Molecule Electronics: From Concept to Function
JFB, Vol. 9, Pages 8: DNA-Based Single-Molecule Electronics: From Concept to Function
Journal of Functional Biomaterials doi: 10.3390/jfb9010008
Authors: Kun Wang
Beyond being the repository of genetic information, DNA is playing an increasingly important role as a building block for molecular electronics. Its inherent structural and molecular recognition properties render it a leading candidate for molecular electronics applications. The structural stability, diversity and programmability of DNA provide overwhelming freedom for the design and fabrication of molecular-scale devices. In the past two decades DNA has therefore attracted inordinate amounts of attention in molecular electronics. This review gives a brief survey of recent experimental progress in DNA-based single-molecule electronics with special focus on single-molecule conductance and I–V characteristics of individual DNA molecules. Existing challenges and exciting future opportunities are also discussed.
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De Gruyter reaches 1000th open access book milestone
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E-Bike–Related Trauma in Children and Adults
Source:The Journal of Emergency Medicine
Author(s): Itai Gross, Daniel J. Weiss, Elior Eliasi, Miklosh Bala, Saar Hashavya
BackgroundElectric bike (e-bike) usage is growing worldwide, and so is the e-bike–related injury rate.ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to characterize e-bike–related injuries.MethodsData of all e-bike–related injuries presenting to our level I trauma center between 2014 and 2016 were collected and analyzed. Adult and pediatric (<18 years of age) e-bike–related injuries were then analyzed separately and compared.ResultsForty-eight patients suffering from e-bike–related injuries presented to our trauma center between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2016. Seventeen (35%) patients were <18 years of age and 40 (85%) were male. The overall most common mechanism of injury was falling off the e-bike in 24 patients (50%), followed by collision with a static object in 9 patients (18.8%). Head (38%) and facial (33%) injuries were most common in children. In adult patients, orthopedic trauma was predominant, with extremity fractures in 35 (73%) followed by significant lacerations in 14 patients (29%). Severe trauma (Injury Severity Score >15) was found in 17 (35%) patients. The duration of hospital stay was 10.8 ± 6 days, 12 patients (25%) required a stay in the intensive care unit, and 21 patients (43.7%) required surgery. Compared to adults, children (<18 years of age) had significantly more head and face injuries (p = 0.05).ConclusionOur study suggests that e-bike–related trauma may involve serious injuries and have typical injury patterns that resemble those seen in motorcycle-related injuries. Children are more likely to suffer head and face injuries because of their higher head to body ratio. We suggest that these injuries should therefore be triaged appropriately, preferably to a medical facility with proper trauma capabilities.
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Rare missense mutations in RECQL and POLG associate with inherited predisposition to breast cancer
Abstract
Several known breast cancer susceptibility genes with moderate-to-high risk alleles encode proteins involved in DNA damage response (DDR). As these explain less than half of the hereditary breast cancer cases, additional predisposing alleles are likely to be discovered. Many of the previous studies utilizing massive parallel sequencing have focused on the protein-truncating variants, and the role of rare missense mutations has remained poorly addressed. In order to identify novel susceptibility factors, we have systematically analyzed the data from our parallel sequencing of 796 DDR genes in 189 Northern Finnish hereditary breast cancer patients for rare missense variants, predicted as deleterious. Thirty-five variants were studied here for the disease association using Finnish breast cancer case (n=492–2035) and control (n=277–1539) cohorts. As a result, two missense variants in genes involved in DNA replication, RECQL p.I156M and POLG p.L392V, the former involving genomic and the latter mitochondrial DNA replication, showed significant association with risk of breast cancer. Rare RECQL p.I156M allele was observed in breast cancer cases only (6/1946, 0.3%, p=0.043), whereas POLG p.L392V was two times more frequent in breast cancer cases (53/2238, 2.4%) compared to controls (18/1539, 1.2%, OR=2.1, 95% CI 1.2–3.5, p=0.010). Based on the current genetic data, both RECQL p.I156M and POLG p.L392V represent novel breast cancer predisposing alleles. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Eurogin Roadmap 2017: Triage strategies for the management of HPV-positive women in cervical screening programmes
Abstract
Cervical cancer screening will rely, increasingly, on HPV testing as a primary screen. The requirement for triage tests which can delineate clinically significant infection is thus prescient. In this EUROGIN 2017 roadmap, justification behind the most evidenced triages is outlined, as are challenges for implementation.
Cytology is the triage with the most follow-up data; the existence of an HR-HPV positive, cytology negative group presents a challenge and re-testing intervals for this group (and choice of re-test) require careful consideration. Furthermore, cytology relies on subjective skills and while adjunctive dual-staining with p16/Ki67 can mitigate inter-operator/site disparities, clinician-taken samples are required. Comparatively, genotyping and methylation markers are objective and are applicable to self-taken samples, offering logistical advantages including in low and middle income settings. However, genotyping may have diminishing returns in immunised populations and type(s) included must balance absolute risk for disease to avoid low specificity. While viral and cellular methylation markers show promise, more prospective data are needed in addition to refinements in automation.
Looking forward, systems that detect multiple targets concurrently such as next generation sequencing platforms will inform the development of triage tools. Multi-step triage strategies may be beneficial provided they do not create complex, unmanageable pathways. Inevitably, the balance of risk to cost(s) will be key in decision making, although defining an acceptable risk will likely differ between settings. Finally, given the significant changes to cervical screening and the variety of triage strategies, appropriate education of both health care providers and the public is essential. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRC) methodology does not allow the in vitro expansion of patient-derived primary and metastatic lung cancer cells
Abstract
Availability of tumor and non-tumor patient-derived models would promote the development of more effective therapeutics for Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Recently, conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRC) methodology demonstrated exceptional potential for the expansion of epithelial cells from patient tissues. However, the possibility to expand patient-derived lung cancer cells using CRC protocols is controversial. Here, we used CRC approach to expand cells from non-tumoral and tumor biopsies of patients with primary or metastatic NSCLC as well as pulmonary metastases of colorectal or breast cancers. CRC cultures were obtained from both tumor and non-malignant tissues with extraordinary high efficiency. Tumor cells were tracked in vitro through tumorigenicity assay, monitoring of tumor-specific genetic alterations and marker expression. Cultures were composed of EpCAM+ lung epithelial cells lacking tumorigenic potential. NSCLC biopsies-derived cultures rapidly lost patient-specific genetic mutations or tumor antigens. Similarly, pulmonary metastases of colon or breast cancer generated CRC cultures of lung epithelial cells. All CRC cultures examined displayed epithelial lung stem cell phenotype and function. In contrast, brain metastatic lung cancer biopsies failed to generate CRC cultures. In conclusion, patient-derived primary and metastatic lung cancer cells were negatively selected under CRC conditions, limiting the expansion to non-malignant lung epithelial stem cells either from tumor and non-tumor tissue sources. Thus, CRC approach cannot be applied for direct therapeutic testing of patient lung tumor cells, as the tumor-derived CRC cultures are composed of (non tumoral) airway basal cells. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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HOXD-AS1/miR-130a sponge regulates glioma development by targeting E2F8
Abstract
Glioma development is an extremely complex process with changes occurring in numerous genes. HOXD antisense growth-associated long non-coding RNA (HOXD-AS1), an important long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), is known to regulate metastasis-related gene expression in bladder cancer, ovarian cancer and neuroblastoma. Here, we elucidated the function and possible molecular mechanisms of lncRNA HOXD-AS1 in human glioma cells. Our results proved that HOXD-AS1 expression was upregulated in glioma tissues and in glioma cell lines. HOXD-AS1 overexpression promoted cell migration and invasion in vitro, whereas knockdown of HOXD-AS1 expression repressed these cellular processes. Mechanistic studies further revealed that HOXD-AS1 could compete with the transcription factor E2F8 to bind with miR-130a, thus affecting E2F8 expression. Additionally, reciprocal repression was observed between HOXD-AS1 and miR-130a, and miR-130a mediated the tumor-suppressive effects of HOXD-AS1 knockdown. Taken together, these results provide a comprehensive analysis of the role of HOXD-AS1 in glioma cells and offer important clues to understand the key roles of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms in human glioma. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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E-Bike–Related Trauma in Children and Adults
Source:The Journal of Emergency Medicine
Author(s): Itai Gross, Daniel J. Weiss, Elior Eliasi, Miklosh Bala, Saar Hashavya
BackgroundElectric bike (e-bike) usage is growing worldwide, and so is the e-bike–related injury rate.ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to characterize e-bike–related injuries.MethodsData of all e-bike–related injuries presenting to our level I trauma center between 2014 and 2016 were collected and analyzed. Adult and pediatric (<18 years of age) e-bike–related injuries were then analyzed separately and compared.ResultsForty-eight patients suffering from e-bike–related injuries presented to our trauma center between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2016. Seventeen (35%) patients were <18 years of age and 40 (85%) were male. The overall most common mechanism of injury was falling off the e-bike in 24 patients (50%), followed by collision with a static object in 9 patients (18.8%). Head (38%) and facial (33%) injuries were most common in children. In adult patients, orthopedic trauma was predominant, with extremity fractures in 35 (73%) followed by significant lacerations in 14 patients (29%). Severe trauma (Injury Severity Score >15) was found in 17 (35%) patients. The duration of hospital stay was 10.8 ± 6 days, 12 patients (25%) required a stay in the intensive care unit, and 21 patients (43.7%) required surgery. Compared to adults, children (<18 years of age) had significantly more head and face injuries (p = 0.05).ConclusionOur study suggests that e-bike–related trauma may involve serious injuries and have typical injury patterns that resemble those seen in motorcycle-related injuries. Children are more likely to suffer head and face injuries because of their higher head to body ratio. We suggest that these injuries should therefore be triaged appropriately, preferably to a medical facility with proper trauma capabilities.
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Heat Capacity and Thermodynamic Property of Lithium Pentaborate Pentahydrate
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Cannabis Essential Oil: A Preliminary Study for the Evaluation of the Brain Effects
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A Mathematical Pressure Transient Analysis Model for Multiple Fractured Horizontal Wells in Shale Gas Reservoirs
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A Case of Fibrous Pseudotumor in the Scrotum: Challenge for Diagnosis and Testicular Preservation
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A Case of Rare Complication of Inguinal Parietoplasty according to Lichtenstein: Entero Cutaneous Fistula
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Current Strategies of Endocrine Therapy in Elderly Patients with Breast Cancer
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Sarcomatoid Variant of Urothelial Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis with Inferior Vena Cava Tumour Thrombus: A Case Report and Literature Review
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ZP2495 Protects against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Mice through Improvement of Cardiac Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function: The Possible Involvement of AMPK-FoxO3a Signal Pathway
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Noninvasive Glioblastoma Testing: Multimodal Approach to Monitoring and Predicting Treatment Response
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Metastases from distant primary tumours on the head and neck: clinical manifestation and diagnostics of 91 cases
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate which primary tumours metastasize on the head and neck region, identify the kind of clinical manifestation, the types of diagnostics that should be performed, and prove that the therapy appears possible and useful.
Patients
As many as 91 patients with a distant metastasis on the head and neck were enrolled in this retrospective clinical study from January 2004 to September 2016. All the patients were evaluated for clinical symptoms, primary tumour, localization, diagnostics, and surgical procedure.
Results
A total of 31 patients had asymptomatic swelling, 27 patients had symptomatic swelling, and nine experienced isolated pain without swelling. Most other symptoms were organ-specific. The most frequent localizations were the orbit (44 metastases), mandible (19), neck region (9), and skin (7). The most common primary tumours were breast carcinoma (44), bronchial carcinoma (12), and renal carcinoma (9). A biopsy was performed on 38 patients, a partial resection was done on 28 patients, extirpation on six patients, and a radical resection on 19 patients.
Conclusion
Distant metastases on the head and neck are rare and, therefore, pose a challenge for the oncologist and other involved disciplines. Most distant metastases occur within the first five years. Late metastases, especially in breast carcinoma, are still possible after 20 years. A surgical examination should be carried out if the findings are not clear due to multiple differential diagnoses. In particular, surgical options under palliative aspects should be examined.
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Aging and the Pelvic Floor
Abstract
Purpose of Review
To define the unique effects of age on the pelvic floor muscle and to outline current treatments of pelvic floor dysfunction in the older population.
Recent Findings
Aging has muscular, hormonal, and neurological effects on the pelvic floor that may lead to pelvic floor dysfunction. Muscular changes lead to decreased force output and weakness on clinical examination. Hormonal effects exacerbate pelvic tissue changes, most notably in the postmenopausal woman. Neurological changes are less well-defined, but gradual denervation of the pelvic floor, especially noted in parous women, has been implicated as a possible cause of pelvic floor weakness and dysfunction. Medical treatments include pessaries, medications, implanted electrical stimulation, and surgery. Pelvic floor physical therapy, including strength training and coordination training, as well as pain-relieving modalities at the level of the pelvic floor muscle, is an effective conservative management option for older adults with pelvic floor dysfunction. The literature available regarding treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction is more robust for older females compared to males.
Summary
There are numerous unique considerations in the treatment of the older adult with pelvic floor dysfunction, due to muscular, hormonal, and neurological changes with age. Conservative management, including physical therapy, should be considered prior to surgical intervention. Further research is especially needed regarding the effects of age and the treatment of age-related pelvic dysfunction in the older male.
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Microbial Characterization of Methanogenic and Iron-reducing Consortium in Reactors with Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Abstract
Recent papers have confirmed current environmental pollution and the continuous release of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) despite the prohibition of its manufacture worldwide. As the dehalogenating microorganisms are able to remove halogens from various analogous compounds, the characterization of PCB metabolisms can improve the degradation of similar compounds. Thus, this study extensively evaluated the microbial community developed in methanogenic and iron-reducing reactors. The horizontal-flow anaerobic reactor (HAIB) with real waste of Aroclor (1 mL L−1) was fed with mineral medium, ethanol, and sodium formate. Bacteria belonging to Thermotogaceae (Thermotogae), Geobacteraceae, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes (Clostridium) were identified in the HAIB reactor. Bacteria belonging to the Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, and Geobacteraceae are associated with the degradation of hydrocarbons and could be related to the Aroclor waste in this paper. Furthermore, 5.26 × 1012 cells gTVS−1 of iron-reducing bacteria were quantified by the most probable number method in the HAIB reactor, suggesting that this group has an important role in aromatic degradation. Moreover, the evaluation of methanogenic and iron-reducing microorganisms in batch reactors with Aroclor 1260 was performed and the biomass growth was not affected by the addition of PCB. The methane production reached 0.38 µmol CH4 gTVS−1 and the iron reduction attained 90% in batch reactors. Through microbial analyses from HAIB and batch reactors, lower diversity was evidenced in the presence of PCB. This paper indicates the relevant role of iron-reducing organisms and Chloroflexi, Geobacteraceae, and Firmicutes group in PCB metabolism.
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Supercritical CO 2 extraction in chia oils production: impact of process duration and co-solvent addition
Abstract
This study was conducted to show impact of supercritical fluid extraction using pure SC-CO2 or SC-CO2 enriched by 2, 6, and 10% of acetone, simultaneously varied by the extraction time (1 vs. 5 h), on the quality of chia seed oils. Obtained oils were relatively similar in the fatty acid composition, but they differed in total content of phytochemicals (from 4956 to 6391 mg/kg of oil). Among them, three oils were the most different: oil extracted 1 h with pure SC-CO2 (the most abundant in squalene, sterols, and tocopherols), oil extracted 5 h with pure SC-CO2 (the poorest in squalene, polyphenols, and carotenoids, with medium level of sterols and tocopherols) and oil extracted 1 h with SC-CO2 enriched by 10% acetone (the most abundant in polyphenols and carotenoids). Such unique chia oils can be valuable for special market needs, such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, functional food or diet supplement production.
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Influence of highly concentrated fluoride dentifrices on remineralization characteristics of enamel in vitro
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the role of highly fluoridated dentifrice on remineralization characteristics of lowly and highly pre-demineralized enamel artificial caries lesions.
Methods
Bovine enamel specimens were prepared (pH 4.95; 21 days) and discriminated in either lowly [L] or highly [H] pre-demineralized artificial caries lesions. Specimens with a mean ΔZbaseline,L (95% CI) of 5120 (4995; 5245) vol.% × μm and a mean ΔZbaseline,H of 8187 (8036; 8339) vol.% × μm were selected and randomly allocated to 12 groups (n = 20). Treatments during pH-cycling (28 days; 6 × 60 min demineralization/day) were brushing 2×/day with fluoride-free (0 ppm F− [L0/H0]), 1100 ppm F− [L1100/H1100], 2800 ppm F− [L2800/H2800], 5000 ppm F− [L5000/H5000], 5000 ppm F− + glycerin [L5000 + glycerin/H5000 + glycerin], and 5000 ppm F− + TCP [L5000 + TCP/H5000 + TCP] containing dentifrices. Dentifrice slurries were prepared with deionized water (1:3wt/wt). After cycling specimens presenting lesion surface loss were discarded and for the remaining 202 specimens, transversal microradiographic (TMR) analyses (ΔZpH-cycle/LDpH-cycle) were performed again. Changes in mineral loss (ΔΔZ = ΔZbaseline − ΔZpH-cycle) and lesion depth (ΔLD = LDbaseline − LDpH-cycle) were calculated.
Results
Significant differences for ΔΔZ could be found between L0, L1100, and L5000 as well as H0, H1100, and H2800/H5000 (p ≤ 0.01; ANCOVA). Except for 0 ppm F−, higher ΔΔZ could be found in highly compared with lowly demineralized specimens (p ≤ 0.004; ANCOVA). After pH-cycling, a second lesion front could only be observed in H5000 and H5000 + TCP. The correlation between ΔΔZ and F− was moderate for lowly and highly demineralized lesions (rL = 0.591; pL < 0.001; rH = 0.746; pH < 0.001), indicating a fluoride dose response for both.
Conclusion
For both baseline substrate conditions, a dose response for fluoride could be revealed.
Clinical significance
Remineralization characteristics of enamel directly depended on baseline mineral loss.
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The exibility of models of recognition memory: An analysis by the minimum-description length principle
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Atomic scale friction phenomena
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Laparoscopic transgastric circumferential stapler-assisted vs. endoscopic esophageal mucosectomy in a porcine model
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Politika soudržnosti v ČR a její regionální dimenze
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Effect of two cooling protocols on the post-thaw characteristics of Iberian ibex sperms
Source:Cryobiology
Author(s): Milagros C. Esteso, Adolfo Toledano-Díaz, Cristina Castaño, Jorgea Pradiee, Antonio Lopez-Sebastián, Julián Santiago-Moreno
The rate at which lethal intracellular ice forms during sperm cryopreservation is highly dependent on the cooling protocol. The present work compares two cooling protocols for use with Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) sperm by assessing the effects on the motility, viability, and size of frozen-thawed sperm cells. Ejaculates, obtained from six adult ibex males via transrectal, ultrasound-guided massage of the accessory sex glands plus electroejaculation if necessary, were cooled via either 1) Protocol 1 (decelerating cooling), involving cooling in liquid nitrogen vapor from 5 °C to −35 °C (40 °C/min), from −35 °C to −65 °C (17 °C/min), and then from −65 °C to −85 °C (3 °C/min); or 2) Protocol 2 (accelerating cooling) involving cooling in a biological freezer from 5 °C to −5 °C (4 °C/min), from −5 °C to −110 °C (25 °C/min), and then from −110 °C to −140 °C (35 °C/min). Compared to fresh ejaculates, sperm quality at thawing was found to be reduced by both protocols (p < .05), but especially by Protocol 1. Sperm head size was also significantly reduced by both protocols, although the Protocol 1 sperm heads were also significantly smaller than those of Protocol 2 sperms heads (p < .05). In fresh sperm samples, clustering analyses revealed two subpopulations of sperms with different morphometric characteristics, SP1 with larger cells, and SP2 with smaller cells. Both cooling protocols caused reduction in the proportion of SP1 cells, and an increase in the proportion of SP2 cells. In conclusion, the decelerating cooling protocol (Protocol 1) caused greater cryodamage to the sperm cells than the accelerating protocol (Protocol 2).
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Evaluation of sheep ovarian tissue cryopreserved by slow freezing or vitrificaton after chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane transplantation
Source:Cryobiology
Author(s): Mahboubeh Vatanparast, Mohammad Ali Khalili, Nahid Yari, Marjan Omidi, Mehdi Mohsenzadeh
The aim of our investigations was to compare the effectiveness of two methods for cryopreservation of sheep ovarian tissue, slow freezing and vitrification. The quality of cryopreserved tissues was evaluated after 5 days of thawing and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) transplantation. Follicular structure, stromal integrity and neovascularization were assessed. The areas of fibrosis and necrosis were measured using MICROVISIBLE software, and proliferation was assessed with Ki-67 immunostaning. After 5 days of culture, the proportion of primordial follicles decreased, whereas the primary and intermediary follicles increased insignificantly (p > .05). Only necrosis in the vitrified culture group increased significantly (p < .05). It was established also that 5 days CAM culture was not suitable methodology for detection of folliculogenesis. Follicular quality decreased after culture, but was better in fresh and slow frozen tissues than after vitrification (p < .05). Cellular proliferative activity fell, but it preserved to some extent in all groups. In conclusion, follicles was preserved better in grafted tissue after slow freezing than vitrification and stroma was more susceptible to ischemia in vitrified rather than conventional freezing in this view. Vitrification may not be a suitable alternative to the slow freezing.
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Hair Cortisol is Elevated in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria Patients and Correlates with Body Mass Index and Quality of Life
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IJMS, Vol. 19, Pages 274: Telomeric Repeat-Containing RNAs (TERRA) Decrease in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Is Associated with Worsened Clinical Outcome
IJMS, Vol. 19, Pages 274: Telomeric Repeat-Containing RNAs (TERRA) Decrease in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Is Associated with Worsened Clinical Outcome
International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms19010274
Authors: Valerio Vitelli Paolo Falvo Solomon G. Nergadze Marco Santagostino Lela Khoriauli Paola Pellanda Giulia Bertino Antonio Occhini Marco Benazzo Patrizia Morbini Marco Paulli Camillo Porta Elena Giulotto
Telomeres are transcribed into noncoding telomeric repeat-containing RNAs (TERRA), which are essential for telomere maintenance. Deregulation of TERRA transcription impairs telomere metabolism and a role in tumorigenesis has been proposed. Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide, with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) being the predominant type. Since HNSCC patients are characterized by altered telomere maintenance, a dysfunction in telomere transcription can be hypothesized. In this prospective study, we compared TERRA levels in the tumor and matched normal tissue from 23 HNSCC patients. We then classified patients in two categories according to the level of TERRA expression in the tumor compared to the normal tissue: (1) lower expression in the tumor, (2) higher or similar expression in tumor. A significant proportion of patients in the first group died of the disease within less than 34 months postsurgery, while the majority of patients in the second group were alive and disease-free. Our results highlight a striking correlation between TERRA expression and tumor aggressiveness in HNSCC suggesting that TERRA levels may be proposed as a novel molecular prognostic marker for HNSCC.
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An Experimental Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Gangue Concrete as a Roadside Support Body Material for Backfilling Gob-Side Entry Retaining
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Mediational Model of Multiple Sclerosis Impairments, Family Needs, and Caregiver Mental Health in Guadalajara, Mexico
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Embedding of Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers within PHEMA Hydrogel Matrices: Tunable Stiffness Composites with Potential for Biomedical Applications
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Molecular Association Studies on Polyvinyl Alcohol at Different Concentrations
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Estimating Long-Term Care Costs among Thai Elderly: A Phichit Province Case Study
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Carbothermal Reduction of Iron Ore in Its Concentrate-Agricultural Waste Pellets
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Diclofenac Potassium in Acute Postoperative Pain and Dysmenorrhoea: Results from Comprehensive Clinical Trial Reports
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Optimal Cement Mixtures Containing Mineral Admixtures under Multiple and Conflicting Criteria
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Nivolumab-Induced Encephalitis in Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer Syndrome
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Osteosarcomas of the Head and Neck Region: A Case Series with a Review of Literature
Abstract
Background
Osteosarcomas of head and neck region have unique biology and exhibit a clinical behavior and natural history that is distinct from osteosarcomas of the trunk and extremities. Our understanding of this malignant bone tumor is largely based on data from single institutions or compiled from registries, and hence the clinical practice guidelines seem confusing and conflicting.
Aims and Objectives
To analyze the demographic profile, disease characteristics and survival outcomes of osteosarcoma of head and neck region.
Materials and Methods
Retrospective analysis of the patients treated for osteosarcoma of head and neck region with curative intent in the period between the years 2001–2013 at a tertiary cancer center from South India.
Results
A total of 14 patients were treated in the said period with a mean age of 37 years. The most common site was mandible (n = 9 patients) followed by maxilla (n = 4) and paranasal sinuses (n = 1). Conventional osteoblastic variant of OS was the most common histological variant (n = 8) followed by the chondroblastic variant (n = 5). The median disease-free survival was 41.7 months, whereas the median overall survival of our patient cohort was 47.6 months. A formal analysis of various prognostic factors showed only postoperative margin positivity to be the single important factor affecting the survival outcomes.
Conclusion
Head and neck osteosarcoma that most commonly afflicts the jaw bones occurs in the fourth decade of life. Despite being a small series, our study does highlight the importance of achieving a margin-negative resection as a part of the multimodality treatment of head and neck osteosarcomas. Considering the relative paucity of data, there is a need for multi-institutional collaborative studies to refine the therapeutic strategies for the management of patients with head and neck osteosarcomas.
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Leech related Aeromonas veronii complex infection after reconstruction with a microvascular forearm flap
Abstract
Medical leeches (Hirudo medicinalis) in plastic and reconstructive surgery are often used for the treatment of vascular failure after microvascular surgery. Leeches are a reservoir for bacteria of the Aeromonas group that help digesting the blood meal. In some cases these bacteria are able to cause severe wound infections that can lead to loss of tissue transplants. We report about a patient with a common microvascular forearm flap after resection of an oral squamous cell carcinoma which got infected by Aeromonas spp. after treatment with medical leeches. Most of these species are resistant for common antibiotic treatment after surgery. This report shows the importance of an early concomitant antibiotic prophylaxis in the treatment of venous congestion with medical leeches.
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Clinical and MRI Evaluation of Orthodontic Mini-Screws for Disc Repositioning in Internal Derangement of TMJ: A Prospective Study
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of orthodontic mini-screws as a modified suture anchor for disc repositioning in cases of internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint.
Patients and Methods
A prospective evaluation of ten patients was undertaken for a period of 6 months using this modified approach from Jan 2014 to Jun 2016. Symptomatic patients with clinical and MRI features suggestive of internal derangement of TMJ and willing to undergo surgical repositioning of articular disc to alleviate symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction were taken up for the study. Post-operatively, functional outcomes were assessed in terms of reduction in pain, joint movement and absence of joint noise and clicking sounds. Post-operative MRI was used to assess the disc position and morphological changes in the disc and arthritic changes in the condyle.
Results
All patients underwent a surgical repositioning of the anteriorly displaced disc by the modified orthodontic suture anchor. Patients were post-surgically followed up at intervals of 1, 3 and 6 months. Immediate complications in terms of pain, restriction of functional motion and transient facial nerve palsy were noted. Late complications include temporal nerve palsy in one case. All patients experienced significant improvement with good functional outcomes and stable repositioning of disc was noticed at the end of 6 months.
Conclusion
The modified disc repositioning using an orthodontic screw via a mini preauricular approach provided a good functional outcome in all patients as assessed over a period of 6 months. However, the long-term functional sequel of the procedure and changes in the articular disc needs to be assessed.
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Nasal Mucosal Cyst a Clinical and Surgical Dilemma
Abstract
A mucous cyst is a lesion which can show a wide range of symptoms but is benign and most of them can even appear several months or even years after nasal surgeries. Size of the displaced epithelial fragment is a crucial factor for the development of the mucous cyst. Complete resection of the mucous cyst is the ideal treatment. Surfing through the literature we came across 18 cases of mucous cyst formation following nasal surgery. Here we describe a mucous cyst which had resulted from a rhinoplasty procedure the patient had undergone earlier in her life.
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Screw and Wire Technique for Condylar Fracture Reduction
Abstract
In case of displaced condylar fractures, ideal reduction during open reduction and internal fixation poses a challenge to the surgeon. This article describes a simple technique to aid reduction with the use of a screw and wire during open treatment.
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Chronic Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation: A Comparison of Various Surgical Treatment Options, and Demonstration of the Versatility and Efficacy of the Dautrey’s Procedure
Abstract
Introduction
There has been a changing trend of treating temporomandibular joint subluxation, which range from conservative non-surgical measures to various soft and hard tissue surgical procedures aimed at either augmenting or restricting the condylar path.
Aim
This study was aimed at comparing the efficacy of three major surgical treatment modalities: condylar obstruction creation, obstruction removal and anti-translatory procedures. Also, the location, anatomy and morphology of the TMJs pre- and post-surgery were evaluated and compared using radiographs, sagittal and 3-D Computed Tomographic scans.
Materials and Methods
A 6-year study was carried out on seventy-five patients of various age groups. Twenty-five were operated by the Dautrey’s procedure, 25 by articular eminectomy alone and the remaining 25 by eminectomy followed by meniscal plication and tethering. The distribution of patients in the three groups was random. Effectiveness of the surgical procedure and incidence of complications including recurrence were carefully compiled and compared between the three groups.
Results and Conclusion
Dautrey’s procedure yielded more gratifying and stable results, leading to a successful and permanent correction of chronic recurrent dislocation of the TMJs, with practically nil complications, thus demonstrating it to be an extremely safe, effective and versatile technique, making the joints function normally and securing sufficient volume of mouth opening. There was observed an average increase in articular tubercle height by 3.65 mm and a mean anterior shift of its lowest point by 4.5 mm following the Dautrey’s procedure, which were statistically significant findings. The upper age limit to carry out the Dautrey’s procedure can be safely taken up to 45 years.
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Treatment planning with intensity modulated particle therapy for multiple targets in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer
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Proton range verification in homogeneous materials through acoustic measurements
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PET attenuation correction for flexible MRI surface coils in hybrid PET/MRI using a 3D depth camera
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First results of a highly granulated 3D CdTe detector module for PET
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Bone surface enhancement in ultrasound images using a new Doppler-based acquisition/processing method
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Counterfactual impact evaluation of human resources development
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Insulintherapie - das Für und Wider individuell abwägen. / Insulinothérapie - Evaluez toutes les options pour chaque patient
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Knowledge of risk factors and modes of gene transmission among women at risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome
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Paleostress analysis of Cenozoic faulting in the Kraishte area, SW Bulgaria
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Cenozoic granitoids in the Dinarides of southern Serbia: age of intrusion, isotope geochemistry, exhumation history and significance for the geodynamic evolution of the Balkan Peninsula
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Antioxidants, Vol. 7, Pages 15: Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics by Proteolytic Processing and Protein Turnover
Antioxidants, Vol. 7, Pages 15: Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics by Proteolytic Processing and Protein Turnover
Antioxidants doi: 10.3390/antiox7010015
Authors: Sumaira Ali Gavin McStay
The mitochondrial network is a dynamic organization within eukaryotic cells that participates in a variety of essential cellular processes, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, central metabolism, apoptosis and inflammation. The mitochondrial network is balanced between rates of fusion and fission that respond to pathophysiologic signals to coordinate appropriate mitochondrial processes. Mitochondrial fusion and fission are regulated by proteins that either reside in or translocate to the inner or outer mitochondrial membranes or are soluble in the inter-membrane space. Mitochondrial fission and fusion are performed by guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) on the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes with the assistance of other mitochondrial proteins. Due to the essential nature of mitochondrial function for cellular homeostasis, regulation of mitochondrial dynamics is under strict control. Some of the mechanisms used to regulate the function of these proteins are post-translational proteolysis and/or turnover, and this review will discuss these mechanisms required for correct mitochondrial network organization.
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Antioxidants, Vol. 7, Pages 16: Metabolic Alterations in Cancer Cells and the Emerging Role of Oncometabolites as Drivers of Neoplastic Change
Antioxidants, Vol. 7, Pages 16: Metabolic Alterations in Cancer Cells and the Emerging Role of Oncometabolites as Drivers of Neoplastic Change
Antioxidants doi: 10.3390/antiox7010016
Authors: Zhengqiu Zhou Elochukwu Ibekwe Yevgen Chornenkyy
The mitochondrion is an important organelle and provides energy for a plethora of intracellular reactions. Metabolic dysregulation has dire consequences for the cell, and alteration in metabolism has been identified in multiple disease states—cancer being one. Otto Warburg demonstrated that cancer cells, in the presence of oxygen, undergo glycolysis by reprogramming their metabolism—termed “aerobic glycolysis”. Alterations in metabolism enable cancer cells to gain a growth advantage by obtaining precursors for macromolecule biosynthesis, such as nucleic acids and lipids. To date, several molecules, termed “oncometabolites”, have been identified to be elevated in cancer cells and arise from mutations in nuclear encoded mitochondrial enzymes. Furthermore, there is evidence that oncometabolites can affect mitochondrial dynamics. It is believed that oncometabolites can assist in reprogramming enzymatic pathways and providing cancer cells with selective advantages. In this review, we will touch upon the effects of normal and aberrant mitochondrial metabolism in normal and cancer cells, the advantages of metabolic reprogramming, effects of oncometabolites on metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics and therapies aimed at targeting oncometabolites and metabolic aberrations.
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Fractional-Order Sliding Mode Synchronization for Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems
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Mechanism of Periostin Production in Human Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells
Int Arch Allergy Immunol
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Risk Factors and Clinical Features in Cashew Nut Oral Food Challenges
Int Arch Allergy Immunol
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Chronic sleep reduction in adolescents—clinical cut-off scores for the Chronic Sleep Reduction Questionnaire (CSRQ)
Summary
The Chronic Sleep Reduction Questionnaire is a validated questionnaire that measures symptoms of prolonged insufficient and/or poor sleep and therefore accounts for individuals’ sleep need and sleep debt. This study extends its psychometric properties by providing cut-off scores, using a matched sample of 298 healthy adolescents (15.38 ± 1.63 years, 37.9% male, mean Chronic Sleep Reduction Questionnaire score: 32.98 ± 6.51) and 298 adolescents with insomnia/delayed sleep–wake phase disorder (15.48 ± 1.62 years; 37.9% male, mean Chronic Sleep Reduction Questionnaire score: 42.59 ± 7.06). We found an area under the curve of 0.84 (95% confidence interval: 0.81–0.87). Cut-off scores for optimal sensitivity, optimal specificity and based on Youden's criterion are provided. These cut-off scores are highly relevant for use of the Chronic Sleep Reduction Questionnaire in future studies and clinical practice.
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Genes, Vol. 9, Pages 42: Copy Number Variation in SOX6 Contributes to Chicken Muscle Development
Genes, Vol. 9, Pages 42: Copy Number Variation in SOX6 Contributes to Chicken Muscle Development
Genes doi: 10.3390/genes9010042
Authors: Shudai Lin Xiran Lin Zihao Zhang Mingya Jiang Yousheng Rao Qinghua Nie Xiquan Zhang
Copy number variations (CNVs), which cover many functional genes, are associated with complex diseases, phenotypic diversity and traits that are economically important to raising chickens. The sex-determining region Y-box 6 (Sox6) plays a key role in fast-twitch muscle fiber differentiation of zebrafish and mice, but it is still unknown whether SOX6 plays a role in chicken skeletal muscle development. We identified two copy number polymorphisms (CNPs) which were significantly related to different traits on the genome level in chickens by AccuCopy® and CNVplex® analyses. Notably, five white recessive rock (CN = 1, CN = 3) variant individuals and two Xinghua (CN = 3) variant individuals contain a CNP13 (chromosome5: 10,500,294–10,675,531) which overlaps with SOX6. There is a disordered region in SOX6 proteins 265–579 aa coded by a partial CNV overlapping region. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that the expression level of SOX6 mRNA was positively associated with CNV and highly expressed during the skeletal muscle cell differentiation in chickens. After the knockdown of the SOX6, the expression levels of IGFIR1, MYF6, SOX9, SHOX and CCND1 were significantly down-regulated. All of them directly linked to muscle development. These results suggest that the number of CNVs in the CNP13 is positively associated with the expression level of SOX6, which promotes the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells by up-regulating the expression levels of the muscle-growth-related genes in chickens as in other animal species.
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Abstracts of the 30th Spring Symposium of the German Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
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