Frequent discordance in PD-1 and PD-L1 expression between primary breast tumors and their matched distant metastases

AbstractProgrammed death-1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint that is able to inhibit the immune system by binding to its ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). In many cancer types, among which breast cancer, prognostic and/or predictive values have been suggested for both PD-1 and PD-L1. Previous research has demonstrated discrepancies in PD-L1 expression between primary breast tumors and distant metastases, however data so far have been scarce. We therefore evaluated immunohistochemical expression levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 in primary breast tumors and their paired distant metastases, and evaluated prognostic values. Tissue microarrays from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded resection specimens of primary breast cancers and their matched distant metastases were immunohistochemically stained ...

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