The proximal ends of the internal mammary (IM) vessels are now the most common recipient vessels for breast reconstruction. On the other hand, bilateral deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flaps are often needed according to the territory and the volume needed for reconstruction. The usefulness of retrograde IM vessels as second recipients has recently been reported, but there are very few quantitative studies on the hydrodynamics of the retrograde IM vessels. Since the flow is dependent on the pressure differential, the blood pressures of the antegrade IM artery (AIMA), antegrade IM vein (AIMV), retrograde IM artery (RIMA), retrograde IM vein (RIMV), and the recirculated intraflap vein (FV) were investigated to solve this question and confirm the reliability and usefulness of retrograde IM vessels.
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Abstract Determining the cause of unexplained death in all age groups, including infants, is a priority in forensic medicine. The triple r...
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Abstract In this paper we present the study of a skull belonging to a young male from the Italian Bronze Age showing three perimortem inju...
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Find out more about the wide range of A Levels and full time courses available at Longley Park Sixth Form College, the only independent Sixt...
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Objectives. To assess the association between short-term postoperative cognitive dysfuction (POCD) and inflammtory response in patients unde...
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