Publication date: Available online 21 April 2017
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Lourdes Aranda, Macarena Gordillo-Villatoro, J. Miguel Enamorado, Miguel López-Zamora
IntroducciónEl incremento en la esperanza de vida en las sociedades desarrolladas ha provocado un aumento en la aparición de enfermedades que son desconocidas por el mundo médico y científico, y por tanto difíciles de abarcar por la comunidad terapéutica. El objetivo de este trabajo es el análisis exhaustivo del progreso en el deterioro de cada una de las áreas del lenguaje en las diferentes fases de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA). De esta forma, se podrá planificar la intervención del logopeda en estos pacientes en función de la fase en que se encuentren.MetodologíaPara ello se ha diseñado un estudio para evaluar distintos aspectos del proceso cognitivo del lenguaje mediante la utilización del Test de Boston. Esta investigación se ha llevado a cabo con 32 participantes, de los cuales 8 no estaban diagnosticados de EA, 8 estaban diagnosticados de EA en la fase leve, 8 estaban diagnosticados de EA en la fase moderada y, por último, 8 estaban diagnosticados con EA en la fase grave, con el fin de poder estudiar cómo se van alterando las habilidades lingüísticas en las diferentes fases de la enfermedad.ResultadosLos resultados muestran cómo a medida que progresa la enfermedad, el habla espontánea, la comprensión auditiva y la expresión oral van deteriorándose en los participantes diagnosticados de EA. Sin embargo, no en todas las áreas del lenguaje el deterioro avanza de igual forma; de hecho, en el área de habla espontánea los participantes en fase leve ya comienzan a mostrar un deterioro significativo con respecto al grupo control. Sin embargo, dentro del área de comprensión auditiva, los participantes diagnosticados de EA son capaces de realizar de forma satisfactoria la tarea de discriminación auditiva, incluso en fases avanzadas de la enfermedad.Discusión y conclusionesEn esta investigación se observa cómo el curso de la alteración de las capacidades comunicativas difiere a lo largo del curso de la EA. Por ello, resalta la necesidad de estudiar en profundidad sus áreas del lenguaje para así ayudar a la planificación de la intervención del logopeda en cada momento específico de la enfermedad.IntroductionThe increase in life expectancy in developed societies has led to an rise in the appearance of diseases that are unknown by the medical and scientific world and, therefore, are difficult to cover by the therapeutic community. The Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that has multiple cognitive disorders, being especially relevant the language impairment displayed by patients diagnosed with the disease. The objective of this research is the exhaustive analysis of the progress in the deterioration of each of the areas of language in the different phases of AD. Thus, the intervention of the speech therapist can be planned in these patients depending on the phase in which they are.MethodWe have designed a study to evaluate various aspects of the cognitive process of language using the Boston Test. We have worked with 32 individuals, eight of which were not diagnosed with AD, eight diagnosed with AD in mild stage, eight with AD in moderate stage and finally, eight were diagnosed with AD in advanced stage. We analysed how it is disrupting language abilities at different stages of the disease.ResultsThe results show how Spontaneous Speech, Listening Comprehension and Oral Expression will be deteriorate in these patients as the disease progresses. However, deterioration does not proceed in the same way in all areas of language. In the Spontaneous Speech area, participants in the mild stage already begin to show a significant deterioration with respect to the control group. On the other hand, within the area of Listening Comprehension, all participants diagnosed with AD successfully perform the auditory discrimination task, even in advanced stages of the disease.Discussion and conclusionsThis research shows how the course of the alteration of the communicative capacities differs along the course of AD. Therefore, it highlights the need to study in more depth the language of the AD to help planning a speech therapy intervention in each specific phase of the illness.
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