Pathogenesis and Pathology of Invasive Aspergillosis

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Invasive aspergillosis occurs in immunosuppressed individuals and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Understanding the host defenses and pathogen characters is important in the causation of disease.

Recent Findings

Neutropenia and/or corticosteroid administration increase the risk of invasive infections and majority are due to Aspergillus fumigatus. The size of the conidia, thermotolerance, hydrophobins and melanin on conidial surface, adaptability to host environment, and angioinvasive nature contribute to pathogenecity. The large conidial size, hot and humid environment, and constant exposure to high spore content are implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic invasive infections in a normal host due to Aspergillus flavus. Pathology depends on the immune status and varies from granuloma with fibrosis or suppuration to abscess or infarction.

Summary

The risk factors and the interplay of host pathogen in the pathogenesis of invasive aspergillosis are reviewed. Genetic predisposition and identification of such genetic factors are necessary for prevention and treatment.

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