Control of movement relies on the ability of circuits within the spinal cord to establish connections with specific subtypes of motor neuron (MN). Although the pattern of output from locomotor networks can be influenced by MN position and identity, whether MNs exert an instructive role in shaping synaptic specificity within the spinal cord is unclear. We show that Hox transcription-factor-dependent programs in MNs are essential in establishing the central pattern of connectivity within the ventral spinal cord. Transformation of axially projecting MNs to a limb-level lateral motor column (LMC) fate, through mutation of the Hoxc9 gene, causes the central afferents of limb proprioceptive sensory neurons to target MNs connected to functionally inappropriate muscles. MN columnar identity also determines the pattern and distribution of inputs from multiple classes of premotor interneurons, indicating that MNs broadly influence circuit connectivity. These findings indicate that MN-intrinsic programs contribute to the initial architecture of locomotor circuits.
from #AlexandrosSfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2j2XsRn
via IFTTT
Εγγραφή σε:
Σχόλια ανάρτησης (Atom)
Δημοφιλείς αναρτήσεις
-
Women in Love by . Lawrence. Searchable etext. Discuss with other readers. from #AlexandrosSfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Ino...
-
Dracaena cochinchinensis Lour. is an ethnomedicinally important plant used in traditional Chinese medicine known as dragon’s blood. Excessiv...
-
IJMS, Vol. 18, Pages 1603: Induction of a Regulatory Phenotype in CD3+ CD4+ HLA-DR+ T Cells after Allogeneic Mixed Lymphocyte Culture; Indic...
-
is and in to a was not you i of it the be he his but for are this that by on at they with which she or from had we will have an what been on...
-
Abstract Combating gliomagenic global immunosuppression is the one of the emerging key for improving prognosis in malignant glioma. Apopt...
-
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div><div class="boxTitle"...
-
by Emily M. Zygiel, Karen A. Noren, Marta A. Adamkiewicz, Richard J. Aprile, Heather K. Bowditch, Christine L. Carroll, Maria Abigail S. Cer...
-
A guide to nursing education. Includes a directory of nursing schools, nursing programs, nursing colleges and online nursing degrees. from...
-
by Huiyuan Zhu, Lian Zhang, Yali Wang, Preeti Hamal, Xiaofang You, Haixia Mao, Fei Li, Xiwen Sun The aim of this study was to assess whethe...
Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Δημοσίευση σχολίου