Influence of smoking on the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel differs according to clopidogrel dose: Insights from the GRAVITAS trial

Objective

To examine the influence of smoking on the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background

Certain studies suggest smokers may have enhanced clopidogrel-induced platelet inhibition compared to non-smokers after PCI. Whether this is affected by clopidogrel dose is unknown.

Methods

In this study, we conducted an analysis of 5,429 patients in the Gauging Responsiveness With A VerifyNow P2Y12 Assay: Impact on Thrombosis and Safety (GRAVITAS) trial. Platelet reactivity was assessed 12–24 hr after PCI (baseline). Patients with high on-treatment platelet reactivity (OTR) (P2Y12 reaction units [PRU] ≥ 230) were randomized to clopidogrel 75 mg or 150 mg daily. Reactivity was subsequently assessed at 30-days, and 6-months. Patients were stratified by smoking status.

Results

Smoking was independently associated with lower PRU (P = 0.001), and smokers were less likely to have high OTR (odds ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.68–0.94; P = 0.006) at baseline. Among patients assigned to clopidogrel 75 mg, smokers had lower PRU and were less likely to still have high OTR at 30-days (P < 0.001) and 6-months (P < 0.001). However, in patients assigned clopidogrel 150 mg, PRU and high OTR did not differ by smoking status at any time. Tests demonstrated an interaction between smoking and dose at 30 days (P = 0.007), and a trend at 6-months (P = 0.098).

Conclusions

Smokers treated with clopidogrel exhibit reduced platelet reactivity and are less likely to have persistent high OTR than non-smokers. This difference is mitigated by clopidogrel 150 mg, indicating non-smokers may require double-dose therapy to achieve a similar antiplatelet effect after PCI. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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