Evaluation of wound healing activity of cow urine ark in diabetic Wistar albino rats

2016-09-25T15-23-50Z
Source: Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology
Hiren N Hirapara, Vishal M Ghori, Ashish P Anovadiya, Chandrabhanu R Tripathi.
 In present study, effects of cow urine ark on diabetic wound healing was studied.  Wistar Albino rats were used for this study due to their susceptibility for diabetes with streptozotocin and they are established model for diabetic wound healing studies.  Excision, incision and dead space wound model were selected for evaluation of wound healing activities.  Streptozotocin (50 mg / kg) was given i.p. to produce diabetes. Random blood sugar was measured using glucometer from drop of blood from tail vein.  Cow urine ark (5.5 ml / kg) was given orally in the morning.  Excision wounds were traced on transparent sheet as well as photographed and analyzed for wound contraction and re-epithelization with help of UTHSCA image analyzer software. Incision wounds were analyzed for wound breaking strength with help of continuous water flow technique of Lee. Dead space wounds were analyzed for dry granuloma weight, hydroxyproline content and histopathological changes.  Cow urine ark significantly improved the collagen content and granulation tissue formation in diabetic wounds which can be useful in accelerating wound healing in diabetic patients. Clinical implementation would require clinical trials.


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Effects of herbal medicine on human uterine tumor-bearing nude mice

2016-09-25T14-53-40Z
Source: Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology
Mi Hyang Ohh, Seong Jin Kim, Jong Kwon Han, Sok Cheon Pak, Kew-mahn Chee.
Aim: Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign uterine neoplasms associated with significant morbidity. Herbal formulas capable of restoring yin-yang balance by dispersing blood stasis may be useful for managing fibroid symptoms. Materials and Methods: In this study, the antitumor properties of three herbs viz., Trogopterus xanthipes Milen-Edwards, Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, and Ulmus davidiana Planch, were evaluated in nude mice injected intravenously with human malignant myomas. Tumour fragments were xenografted subcutaneously through a flank incision in female mice. The mice entered the study for 8 weeks when their tumors reached the threshold volume (260 mm3). The mice were randomly allocated to receive subcutaneous injections of normal saline (group 1; negative control), P. lactiflora Pallas (group 2), U. davidiana Planch (group 3), T. xanthipes Milen-Edwards (group 4), and intravenous injections of paclitaxel (group 5; positive control). The weight and tumor volume were measured, followed by histopathology. Results: A few cases of abdominal distention and death were observed in the negative control group. Furthermore, a considerable enlargement of the liver and spleen was observed in the negative control group at autopsy with a gradual increase in body weight during the experiment. The mean tumor volume which increased in negative control mice reduced in mice treated with herbal remedies or paclitaxel from day 14 onwards (p

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Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Croton lobatus l. in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

2016-09-25T14-22-59Z
Source: Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology
Taiye Remi Fasola, Blessing Ukwenya, Ademola Adetkunbo Oyagbemi, Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale, Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade.
Background: Croton lobatus contains high amount of antioxidant phytochemicals that probably account for its wide use as food and medicine in the traditional communities of West Africa. Methods: The study evaluated the modulatory role of methanol extract of Croton lobatus leaf on alloxan-induced diabetes and associated cardiovascular complications in male rats randomly selected and assigned to one of six groups (A to F) of eight animals each: A (distilled water); B (corn oil); C (Alloxan); D (Alloxan + 100 mg kg-1 Croton lobatus); E: (Alloxan + 200 mg kg-1 C. lobatus); and F (Alloxan + 100 mg kg-1 glibenclamide). The extract was administered orally for 14 days. Results: Acute toxicity studies revealed no mortality of rats at with the administration of different doses of extract up to the 5,000 mg kg-1 dose. Diabetic rats treated with 100 and 200 mg kg-1 C. lobatus leaf extract had significant (p

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Beneficial effects of yogasanas and pranayama in limiting the cognitive decline in Type 2 diabetes

2016-09-24T09-13-59Z
Source: National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Rajani Santhakumari Nagothu, Archana Rajagopalan, Yogananda Reddy Indla, Rajesh Paluru.
Background: Out of many complications that were observed in Type 2 diabetes, cognitive impairment is the most neglected. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the present study is to assess the cognitive decline in Type 2 diabetes and to observe the role of yogasanas and pranayama in ameliorating the cognitive decline. Materials and Methods: A total of 68 Type 2 diabetic patients were recruited in the study, 34 of them did specific yogasanas and pranayama (test group) for 6 months, and the remaining age- and sex-matched 34 patients were recruited as (control group) who were not on any specific exercise regimen. Glycemic index was estimated by measuring the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration with Bio-Rad apparatus and cognition were assessed using Addenbrookes cognitive examination-revised (ACE-R), which is a neuropsychological battery. Data were analyzed with unpaired student t-test. P

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Role of adenosine deaminase in diagnosis of exudative type of pleural effusion

2016-09-24T09-03-52Z
Source: International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health
R S Pushpa Kumari, B L Narsimha Reddy, V A Vipula.
Background: The diagnosis of tubercular pleural effusion remains a common clinical challenge. At least 50% of cases of tubercular pleural effusion present as primary disease without involvement of other organs. Objectives: Estimation and comparison of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) levels in exudative pleural effusions with special reference to tubercular aetiology. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients of pleural effusions of various aetiologies formed the sample of the study. Pleural fluid analysis was done and clinical profile of each patient was taken. Total patients were divided into 6 groups consists of Tubercular pleural effusion (39), parapneumonic effusion (10), emphyema (5), malignant pleural effusion (3), pancreatic pleural effusion (2) and amoebic pleural effusion (1). Results: Incidence of tubercular pleural effusion is 65% followed by parapneumonic effusions 16.6%. Males (68.3%) are more prone to incidence of tubercular pleural effusion. Conclusion: Pleural fluid Adenosine deaminase (ADA levels are highly sensitive for tuberculous pleural effusions. ADA is diagnostic even in HIV positive patients with tubercular pleural effusion. ADA levels easily differentiate tuberculous pleural effusion from parapneumonic, malignant, pancreatic, and amoebic pleural effusions.


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Patterns of spirometry in asthmatic patients presenting with respiratory symptoms

2016-09-24T09-03-52Z
Source: International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health
Tarig H Merghani.
Background: Asthmatic patients typically show obstructive patterns on spirometry with positive bronchodilator responses; however, other spirometric patterns were also reported. Objective: to determine patterns of spirometry among asthmatic patients who attend the outpatient clinic with respiratory symptoms. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 323 known asthmatic patients (59% females) who attended the outpatient clinic with respiratory complaints. A portable spirometer (All flow, Clement Clarke International, Harlow, UK) was used for lung function measurements. Measurements and reversibility tests were performed according to the American Thoracic Society (ATS) Guidelines for spirometry measurements. Result: Normal spirometric pattern was found in only 21% of all participants, obstructive in 12%, mixed in 32%, and restrictive in 36%. The patterns had no relation with the gender or the body mass index of the participants. The majority had low FEF25 (88%), low FEF50 (83%), and low FEF25-75% (82%) indicating inflammation within the middle and small airways. Nearly half of those who showed positive FVC reversibility tests had a restrictive pattern on presentation (p

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Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacovigilance among health care professionals in a tertiary care hospital: a cross sectional study

2016-09-24T01-26-55Z
Source: International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
Vinoth Kalaichelvan, Meenakshi Balasubramanian, Ezhil J. Ramya.
Background: Spontaneous reporting of Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) has played an important role in the detection of serious, unsuspected, and unusual ADRs previously not detected during the clinical trials. However, underreporting remains a major obstacle in the implementation of pharmacovigilance program. The present cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) related to pharmacovigilance among the health-care professionals (HCPs) in Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital, Tamilnadu. Methods: To assess KAPs of Health care professionals toward pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting; a predesigned, structured, 12 item questionnaire was used. Results: A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed among the HCPs including Postgraduate, Interns and Staff nurses. 72.7% postgraduates, 54.29% interns and 52.63% of staff nurses were aware regarding the existence of a National Pharmacovigilance Program of India. 72.7% postgraduates, 65.71% interns and 52.63% staff nurses felt that ADR reporting is a professional obligation for them .Only 37.14% interns, 15.79% staff nurses and 11.4% postgraduates have been trained for reporting adverse reactions. Although all staff nurses (100%) followed by 79.50% postgraduates and 48.57% interns experienced ADR in their practice, only 31.58% staff nurses, 20.50% postgraduates and 11.43% interns have ever reported ADR to pharmacovigilance centre. Conclusions: The deficiencies in knowledge and attitude require urgent attention not only to improve the rate of spontaneous reporting, but also for enhanced safety of the patients. Pharmacovigilance should be included in the nursing curriculum and workshops should be conducted for the undergraduate and postgraduate medical students regularly.


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