Journal of Education and Ethics in Dentistry

REVIEW ARTICLE
	The role of continuing dental education in clinical practice	p. 25
	Treville Pereira DOI:10.4103/jeed.jeed_4_18   The dental education forms the foundation of professional lives for the dentists with respect to students, faculties, and curriculum which are considered the main aspects of the dental education. The important perspectives of these three arenas should be analyzed with plausible suggestions for improvising them. In order to meet the inevitable increase in demand for training, teaching, and learning, innovative approaches are required and dental academia should be asked to respond. The educational needs can be viewed as a three-dimensional problem, increased breadth across the dental team, vertical integration within and between specialties, and the longitudinal expansion with lifelong learning and continuing professional development. The present dental curriculum needs to be reformed by correcting some inherent concerns and flaws such as inadequate clinical relevance of basic science concepts, lack of comprehensive patient care model for clinical education, and overcrowding of the curriculum. In many countries, the practice of dentistry is only permitted after passing an examination to get dental license for few years. Furthermore, this license should be renewed with essential continuing dental education, which is considered an international trend for reconciling. The Dental Council of India and the Union Government should be more stringent with reinforcing rules and regulations to assure adequate infrastructure and quality education in all the dental colleges.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
	Traditional lecture versus video/discussion-based instruction and their effects on learning behavior guidance techniques	p. 30
	Kristen M Douglas, Martha H Wells, Edward J Deschepper, Martin E Donaldson DOI:10.4103/jeed.jeed_22_17   Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the traditional lecture-based instruction to a contemporary format, which simulated the flipped classroom, on student learning of behavior guidance techniques (BGTs). Both types of instruction included video examples of BGTs. The secondary aims were (1) to examine the students' preference of learning style on test performance and (2) to determine the student perceptions about the methods of instruction with videos. Subjects and Methods: Videos of practitioners performing BGTs were recorded. Dental students in their third year of training were recruited to participate (n = 70). Students were randomly divided into two groups as they entered the facility: (1) contemporary instruction (CI) and (2) traditional instruction (TI). The CI group watched a 20-min “mini-lecture” that simulated an online module and then divided into discussion groups led by calibrated pediatric residents and faculty. The TI group received 50 min of traditional lecture with videos incorporated in the presentation. At the completion of the course, students completed a questionnaire, which assessed the student's learning of the objectives of the course and his/her perceptions of the learning experience.Results: The CI group performed significantly better on the posttest questionnaire (P = 0.001). After instruction, students felt most comfortable employing Tell-Show-Do and Positive Reinforcement. Students' perception of the usefulness of video examples of BGTs was high with mean 4-point Likert scores of 3.53 CI and 3.52 TI.Conclusions: The CI format improved the students' learning of the topic as assessed by test scores. Behavior guidance education for predoctoral students could be enhanced by the use of videos and discussion-based learning.
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	Level of knowledge on classification systems of malocclusions among dentists and orthodontists	p. 37
	Mauricio Villada-Castro, Zulma Vanessa Rueda, Paola Maria Botero-Mariaca DOI:10.4103/jeed.jeed_10_15   Background: Malocclusion is the third dental public health problem by the World Health Organization. A classification of the patient's occlusal traits should be performed to group them for better information management and to facilitate communication between specialists. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare knowledge on classification systems of existing malocclusions among dentists and orthodontists. Materials and Methods:This research was a cross-sectional study. A sample size of 239 general dental practitioners and 111 orthodontists was surveyed. Inclusion criteria were at least 1 year of work experience and location in the metropolitan area of Medellín. Individuals who were teachers were excluded. The questionnaire consisted of photographs of side and front dental study models of five patients in orthodontic clinic. Practitioners were asked to indicate both a diagnosis and the classification system used for their diagnosis. The percentage of correct answers provided was calculated for each stratified case by orthodontists and dentists and by the college from which they had graduated. Results:Of a total of 831 questionnaires distributed, 350 were filled out and returned. Most practitioners were diagnosed only in the sagittal plane, and 100% of responses used Angle's classification. Vertical and transverse planes were considered when the occlusion alteration was highly pronounced. The percentage of correct answers was similar among universities. Conclusion: Classification systems of existing malocclusions do not provide the dentist or the orthodontist with appropriate occlusal diagnosis unless alterations are evident.
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	Evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and practices about the health-related occupational hazards among dental practitioners in Pondicherry, India	p. 44
	Sajani Ramachandran, Usha Carounanidy, S Manikandan, Ranu Kumari DOI:10.4103/jeed.jeed_1_18   Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the awareness of occupation-related health hazards among dentists practicing in and around Pondicherry and to investigate the various occupation-related health problems among the practicing dentists in Pondicherry. Methodology: A validated questionnaire was responded by 278 dentists. The data collected were statistically analyzed to find the mean and proportion. Results: Work-related stress was considered by 59.93% (163) dentists as a reason for taking a toll on the health of dentists. Respiratory problems were reported by 52.94% of those who had systemic problems. Needle stick injury during working was reported by 65.56% (177). Strained eyes at the end of a working day were reported by 44.85%, and eye injury due to projectiles at least once a year was reported by 24.26%. Conclusion: It is absolutely necessary for the dental professionals to be aware of the problems they might be exposed to in their practice so that adequate precautions can be taken to prevent them from early burnout.
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LETTER TO EDITOR
	Current scenario of problem-based learning in medical and dental education in India	p. 49
	Thorakkal Shamim DOI:10.4103/jeed.jeed_5_18
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