Non-destructive and rapid evaluation of aflatoxins in brown rice by using near-infrared and mid-infrared spectroscopic techniques

Abstract

The applicability of near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was explored in this study to develop rapid, low-cost and non-destructive spectroscopic methods for classification and quantification of aflatoxins in brown rice. A total of 132 brown rice samples within the aflatoxin concentration range of 0–2435.8 μg/kg were prepared by artificially inoculated with A. flavus and A. parasiticus strains of fungus. For the classification of samples at varying levels of aflatoxin B₁, the linear discriminant analysis model obtained correct classification rate of 96.9 and 90.6% for NIR and MIR spectroscopy, respectively. For the simultaneous determination of aflatoxins B₁, B₂, G₁, G₂ and the total aflatoxins, partial least squares regression also showed good predictive accuracy for both NIR (r_v  = 0.936–0.973, RPD = 2.5–4.0) and MIR spectroscopy (r_v  = 0.922–0.970, RPD = 2.5–4.0). The overall results indicated that the two spectroscopic techniques offered the feasibility to be used as alternative tools for rapid detection of various aflatoxin contaminations in grain.

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