The association of weight change in young adulthood and smoking status with risk of prostate cancer recurrence

Abstract

The decades before prostate cancer diagnosis represent an etiologically relevant time period for prostate cancer carcinogenesis. However, the association of weight gain in young adulthood with subsequent biochemical recurrence among men with prostate cancer is not well studied, particularly among smokers. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 1082 men with prostate cancer and treated with either radical prostatectomy or radiation between 2003-2010. The association of weight at age 20, weight at age 50, and weight change from age 20 to 50 with biochemical recurrence was assessed using Cox Proportional Hazards with adjustment for confounders. Stratum specific hazard ratio (HR) estimates by smoking status were evaluated. In the overall cohort, weight at age 20 (HR per 30 kg: 1.56, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.02, 2.38, p-trend: 0.039), weight at age 50 (HR per 30 kg: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.47, p-trend: <0.001), and weight change from age 20 to 50 (HR per 30 kg: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.74, p-trend: 0.003) were associated with biochemical recurrence. In stratified analyses, weight change from age 20 to 50 was significantly associated with biochemical recurrence only in former smokers (HR per 30 kg: 3.87, 95% CI: 1.88, 8.00, p-trend: <0.001) and ever smokers (HR per 30 kg: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.27, 4.45, p-trend: 0.007). No significant association was observed between weight gain in young adulthood and biochemical recurrence in never smokers. This study adds further evidence that weight gain during early adult years conveys long-term risk for adverse cancer outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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