Publication date: Available online 6 November 2017
Source:Journal of Dairy Science
Author(s): G. Andres Contreras, Clarissa Strieder-Barboza, Jenne De Koster
Despite major advances in our understanding of transition and early lactation cow physiology and the use of advanced dietary, medical, and management tools, at least half of early lactation cows are reported to develop disease and over half of cow deaths occur during the first week of lactation. Excessive lipolysis, usually measured as plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA), is a major risk factor for the development of displaced abomasum, ketosis, fatty liver, and metritis, and may also lead to poor lactation performance. Lipolysis triggers adipose tissue (AT) remodeling that is characterized by enhanced humoral and cell-mediated inflammatory responses and changes in its distribution of cellular populations and extracellular matrix composition. Uncontrolled AT inflammation could perpetuate lipolysis, as we have observed in cows with displaced abomasum, especially in those animals with genetic predisposition for excessive lipolysis responses. Efficient transition cow management ensures a moderate rate of lipolysis that is rapidly reduced as lactation progresses. Limiting FFA release from AT benefits immune function as several FFA are known to promote dysregulation of inflammation. Adequate formulation of pre- and postpartum diet reduces the intensity of AT lipolysis. Additionally, supplementation with niacin, monensin, and rumen-protected methyl donors (choline and methionine) during the transition period is reported to minimize FFA release into systemic circulation. Targeted supplementation of energy sources during early lactation improves energy balance and increases insulin concentration, which limits AT lipolytic responses. This review elaborates on the mechanisms by which uncontrolled lipolysis triggers inflammatory disorders. Details on current nutritional and pharmacological interventions that aid the modulation of FFA release from AT and their effect on immune function are provided. Understanding the inherent characteristics of AT biology in transition and early lactation cows will reduce disease incidence and improve lactation performance.
from #AlexandrosSfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2AfB51W
via IFTTT
Εγγραφή σε:
Σχόλια ανάρτησης (Atom)
Δημοφιλείς αναρτήσεις
-
Objective Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) provides opportunities for improved cost savings, but in the UK, implementation...
-
Abstract Purpose Overcoming the flaws of current data management conditions in head and neck oncology could enable integrated informatio...
-
Vol.31 No.5 from #AlexandrosSfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1k8FKtW via IFTTT
-
Universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) has become the standard of care in many countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resu...
-
Geographic region: Does it matter in cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck? Laryngoscope. 2017 Jun 05;: Authors: Kılıç S, Unsal AA,...
-
The overall objective of the guideline is to provide up-to-date, evidence-based recommendations for the management of lichen sclerosus (LS)...
-
Abstract The head-mounted display (HMD) has the potential to improve the quality of ultrasound-guided procedures. The aim of this non-clin...
-
http://ift.tt/2pnwWaQ
-
Objective. We compared the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation at different cortical sites (premotor and motor primary cortex...
Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Δημοσίευση σχολίου