Discordant sleep parameters among actigraphy, polysomnography, and perceived sleep in patients with sleep-disordered breathing in comparison with patients with chronic insomnia disorder

Abstract

Purpose

Although the clinical usefulness of actigraphy (ACT) in chronic insomnia disorder (CID) is extensively investigated, the evaluation on the utility of ACT in sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is limited and the report of comparison with perceived sleep by patients and polysomnography (PSG) is scarce.

Methods

Thirty-six patients with SDB and 30 with CID underwent PSG and ACT, and they reported perceived sleep time and latency simultaneously. Sleep parameters (total sleep time [TST], sleep onset latency [SOL], sleep efficiency, and wakefulness after sleep onset [WASO]) were compared. Agreement among parameters was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95% confidence interval.

Results

ACT overestimated TST and underestimated SOL and WASO relative to PSG in both groups. Perceived sleep was commonly undervalued relative to PSG or ACT. In post hoc analyses, perceived sleep was significantly shorter and SOL significantly longer compared to PSG and ACT in both groups. Perception of sleep time by PSG was significantly higher than perception by ACT. In the CID group, all sleep parameters were significantly correlated between ACT and PSG (ICC = 0.627–0.813). In the SDB group, only TST was significantly correlated (ICC = 0.804).

Conclusion

ACT is useful to monitor sleep and sleep quality in patients with CID. In patients with SDB, TST by ACT is reliable. However, ACT is insufficient to assess sleep quality due to its low agreement with PSG. Significantly lower sleep perception relative to PSG and ACT should be considered in the treatment of sleep disorders.

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