Publication date: Available online 27 May 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española
Author(s): Isam Alobid
IntroducciónEl cierre quirúrgico de las perforaciones septales sintomáticas a menudo conduce a resultados no satisfactorios. El conocimiento de la irrigación vascular es de suma importancia para el éxito.ObjetivoEl manejo de las perforaciones septales constituye un reto para el cirujano. Hay descritas una gran variedad de técnicas quirúrgicas, con distintas vías de abordaje. No existen pruebas científicas que avalen un abordaje en concreto. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar una guía práctica sobre la técnica de elección para cada caso de perforación septal.DiscusiónLa inspección de la mucosa nasal, el tamaño de la perforación, la localización y, sobre todo, el soporte osteocartilaginoso son los pilares para lograr el éxito de la cirugía. Para los colgajos de deslizamiento o rotación de la mucosa del tabique es fundamental haber estudiado previamente si es posible la elevación del mucopericondrio o mucoperiosteo del septum, de lo contrario, el uso de estos colgajos no estaría indicado. Los colgajos de la pared lateral o del suelo nasal son la alternativa. El colgajo pericraneal podría estar indicado en perforaciones totales o casi totales.ConclusiónEl remanente del septum nasal y el estado del soporte osteocartilaginoso son los factores determinantes en el manejo de las perforaciones septales. Cada caso debe valorarse individualmente y la elección del abordaje se realiza según el tamaño y la localización de la perforación, la calidad de la mucosa, los antecedentes personales, la cirugía previa y la experiencia del cirujano.ObjectiveThe management of septal perforations is a challenge for the surgeon. A wide variety of surgical techniques have been described, with different approaches. There is no scientific evidence to support a particular approach. The objective of this review is to present a practical guide on the technique of choice for each case of septal perforation.DiscussionInspection of the nasal mucosa, the size of the perforation, the location and especially the osteo-cartilaginous support, are the pillars of a successful surgery. For the sliding or rotating flaps of the mucosa of the septum it is essential to know in advance if the elevation of the mucopericondrio or mucoperiosteo of the septum is possible, otherwise the use of these flaps would not be indicated. The flaps of the lateral wall or nasal floor are the alternative. The pericranial flap may be indicated in total or near total perforations.ConclusionThe remnant of the nasal septum and status of osteo-cartilaginous support are the determining factors in the management of septal perforations. Each case should be evaluated individually and the approach chosen according to the size and location of the perforation, mucosal quality, personal history, previous surgery and the experience of the surgeon.
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