Nivolumab in Second-Line Treatment for Advanced non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Squamous Cell Histology: A Perspective Based on Pharmacological Costs

recently, Gridelli et al1 have presented the conclusions emerging from an International Experts Panel Meeting of the Italian Association of Thoracic Oncology. From this Experts Panel Meeting nivolumab, a novel programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor, emerged the second-line treatment for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with squamous cell histology. The introduction of active new agents, such as nivolumab, for the second-line treatment of advanced NSCLC with squamous cell histology2,3 is associated with a relevant increase of costs and it is therefore important to make a balance between the costs of treatment and the added value represented by the improvement of the clinical parameters of interest such as progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

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